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投资策略专题:特朗普2.0的实质,和政治局会议后的市场应对
KAIYUAN SECURITIES· 2025-04-27 08:17
2025 年 04 月 27 日 特朗普 2.0 的实质,和政治局会议后的市场应对 策略研究团队 ——投资策略专题 韦冀星(分析师) weijixing@kysec.cn 证书编号:S0790524030002 中美波动不一致的背后:两国的核心目的不相同 当前中国区域的市场波动性有所下降,然而美国市场的波动性仍然较高,造成这个 区别的核心原因是什么?我们认为在于中美两国的政策背后的核心目的不相同。本 文当中,我们将详细分析特朗普 2.0 的实质,并结合 4.25 政治局会议,展望未来中 国资产的配置思路。 理解特朗普 2.0 的实质:资本侵蚀下,经济产出外流 1、被忽视的美国金融账户风险。大家都认为贸易赤字和制造业回流是特朗普开启关 税的核心目的,但在我们的研究下,更深层次的原因是资本侵蚀、及其驱动的美国 经济产出的对外流失。鉴于市场对关税和特朗普行为的过度聚焦,市场可能低估了 该问题的严重性和美国可能采取的行动,以及美元资产潜在的折价和违约风险。 2、美国版资本侵蚀对美国的影响有多大?2024 年底,美国对外净负债约 26.2 万亿 美元,占名义 GDP 89.8%。以回报率 5%计,相当于美国经济总产出中 ...
4月政治局会议通稿学习体会:政策稳扎稳打,利率维持震荡
Bank of China Securities· 2025-04-27 02:52
Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating - The report does not provide an industry investment rating [1][2][3][4][5] 2. Core View of the Report - External uncertainties are high, while internal policies are implemented steadily, which is basically in line with the bond market expectations. After the release of the meeting communiqué, bond yields remained stable. Looking ahead, the main contradiction in the bond market remains unchanged. Domestically, the direction of policy easing is certain, but the implementation pace is to be determined. Internationally, Sino-US relations are likely to ease, but the process is highly uncertain. The bond market is not pessimistic overall, but the upside and downside potential is limited, and yields are likely to remain volatile. It is recommended to adopt a coupon strategy as the primary approach and a trading strategy as a supplementary one [2][5] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Meeting's Assessment of the Situation - The meeting is satisfied with the economic performance in Q1 but highly concerned about overseas uncertainties. The economy shows a positive trend, but the foundation for continuous recovery needs further consolidation, and external shocks are increasing [2][3] 3.2 Policy Thinking - Strengthen bottom-line thinking and prepare sufficient contingency plans. Due to the long - term, severe, and uncertain impact of current tariffs, the direction of policy hedging is certain, and the policy level is based on bottom - line thinking. However, the specific implementation rhythm needs to dynamically assess internal and external changes. Currently, the focus should be on accelerating the implementation of existing policies [2][3] 3.3 Specific Policies - **Monetary and Fiscal Policies**: There are differences in the wording of monetary and fiscal policies. Fiscal policy should be fully utilized and more proactive, while monetary policy still involves timely reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts, with structural innovations such as supporting technological innovation, expanding consumption, and stabilizing foreign trade [2][4] - **Risk Resolution**: In the areas of local debt and real estate, the wording is more detailed, but the tone remains "continuously consolidating", indicating affirmation of the existing policy direction and a low probability of a shift to strong stimulus [2][4] - **Domestic Demand Policies**: These policies are given a large space and a prominent position in the report, but they mainly emphasize bottom - line thinking, such as increasing the income of low - and middle - income groups, stabilizing employment, ensuring people's livelihoods, and supporting enterprises severely affected by tariffs [2][4]
看多中国系列之三:低估增量政策的四大误区:4月政治局会议学习
KAIYUAN SECURITIES· 2025-04-26 05:42
Group 1: Economic Policy Insights - The macroeconomic focus is on "coordinating domestic economic work and international trade struggles," emphasizing the need for the U.S. to adhere to WTO rules and eliminate tariffs on China[2] - The first quarter GDP growth of 5.4% is influenced by factors like export rush, and April exports are expected to decline by approximately 2% year-on-year due to tariff impacts[2][6] - The 5% GDP growth target for the year remains a priority, with historical context suggesting reaffirmation in mid-year meetings[2] Group 2: Policy Implementation and Expectations - The report suggests that the pace of policy implementation may accelerate in response to external pressures, advocating for proactive measures to expand domestic demand[2] - The anticipated fiscal stimulus could range from 1.5 to 3 trillion yuan, based on the estimated impact of tariffs on GDP[2][8] - The concept of "bottom-line thinking" implies that policies should aim for comprehensive support rather than merely maintaining minimum standards, indicating potential for more aggressive policy measures[2] Group 3: Sector-Specific Strategies - Proposed measures include monetary easing, targeted support for export enterprises, and initiatives to boost consumption among low-income groups[2][8] - Infrastructure investment and real estate policies are expected to be prioritized, with potential for increased government spending and relaxed purchasing restrictions in major cities[2][8] - The report outlines various policy scenarios and their potential economic impacts, suggesting a range of 630 billion to 1.37 trillion yuan in necessary countermeasures depending on tariff conditions[8]
中信证券|强化底线思维,充分备足预案:政治局会议学习体会
中信证券研究· 2025-04-26 02:09
文 | 杨帆 明明 姜娅 于翔 玛西高娃 遥远 郑辰 任柳蓉 彭阳 联系人:陶然 ▍ 强化底线思维,因时而动用好政策工具箱。 2 0 2 5年4月政治局会议明确指出,虽然一季度中国经济开局良好,但外部冲击影响加大,下行风险显著上升,经济持续回升向好的基础还需要 进一步稳固。在此基调下,会议再次提出"强化底线思维",对外部压力从最坏处准备,努力争取最好的结果。因此,政策将因时而动,及时尽 早推出稳就业稳经济的逆周期调节政策,巩固经济与社会稳定。 ▍ 外部方面,特朗普的关税政策仍可能视自身压力而不断反复,中美关系可能保持"区间运行"的状态,提升经济韧性、保护市场主体、团结国 际力量尤为重要。 自特朗普上任以来,其关税落地速度快,幅度高,决策具有较大随意性,远超此前外界预期。但是,其关税政策既缺乏清晰的路径计划,也没 有充分的后果研判。近期,特朗普在关税问题上的表态出现缓和迹象,主要源于一系列短中期压力,如金融市场压力、库存与通胀压力、中期 选举压力等。但是,我们判断特朗普的关税政策仍可能视自身压力而不断反复,中美关系可能保持"区间运行"的状态,在此背景下,更需要提 升经济韧性、保护市场主体、团结国际力量。本次会议 ...
【招银研究|政策】2025年4月中央政治局会议解读:强化底线思维,充分备足预案
招商银行研究· 2025-04-25 13:22
4月25日,中共中央政治局召开会议,分析研究当前经济形势和经济工作。总体上看,会议认为今年以 来我国经济发展向好,但"持续回升向好的基础还需要进一步稳固"。 会议直面"外部冲击影响加大"的 严峻挑战,指出"要强化底线思维,充分备足预案",以"四稳",即稳就业、稳企业、稳市场、稳预期为 抓手,强调"以我为主"的基本政策立场,扎实推动经济高质量发展,应对外部环境急剧变化的不确定 性。 三、重点工作:稳就业、促消费、保民生 巩固内需的首要任务仍是提振消费,以"增强消费对经济增长的拉动作用"为总目标,重点在服务消费加 大资金支持。 一是再贷款政策从普惠养老扩展至服务消费,降低服务业企业的融资成本。二是"以旧换 新"政策将扩围至文体、旅游等服务消费,资金力度将视情况从全年3,000亿增至5,000-7,000亿,或提升 社零增速2pct以上。 保民生工作,就业是重中之重。就业问题,既是企业部门经营情况的直观反映,也是居民部门提振消费 能力、改善消费预期的基础。 会议全文中"稳就业"三次出现并置于"四稳"之首。各类企业面对关税冲 击的程度不同,会议有针对性地提出"提高失业保险基金稳岗返还比例"。此项政策在疫情期间为就业岗 ...
守底线,有预案——4月政治局会议解读【陈兴团队•财通宏观】
陈兴宏观研究· 2025-04-25 09:51
报 告 正 文 有"底线思维",有"预案"。 会议将国际经贸斗争与国内经济工作并列,强化底线思维以应对外部冲击,当下已经提前做好各类预案和储备政策, 当然这不代表所 有储备政策都要马上出台实行。 会议认为应对外部冲击的抓手是"坚定不移办好自己的事",即稳定发展国内经济。具体提出"四稳", 其中稳就业和稳企业在前,这 也是经济从供给端对应的思路 ,而稳市场和稳预期在后。 政策力度加大,态度更加积极 。 从 未来部署 来看, 一方面 ,政策力度加大。会议提到政策要加强 超常规逆周期 调节,以抵消" 外部冲击 "。 另一方面 ,态度 上更加积极,更注重政策出台的 时机和效果 ,需要根据实际经济和国际形势变化 及时推出、用好用足 相关政策。 货币创设新工具,财政节奏有望加快。 货币政策方面, 央行工具箱继续丰富,后续将创设新的结构性货币工具以及政策性金融工具,用于 科技创新、消费和外贸 领域。此外,货币政策仍将适时降准降息。对于适时,我们理解仍是关注美联储降息时点,并综合考虑实体供给约束。 财政政策方面 ,会议提到要加快地方政府 专项债券和超长期特别国债等发行使用。年初至今,政府债发行的主力是普通国债和用于化债的置换 ...
深度专题 | 财政注能 强振经济——2025财政预算深度分析
申万宏源宏观· 2025-03-11 15:23
联系人: 贾东旭 摘要 2025年财政预算正式发布,新预算如何破解经济循环堵点,机制上有哪些创新突破,重点投向领域呈现 何种新布局?本文分析,可供参考。 经济运行中的梗阻:国内需求疲软、货币传导阻滞、财政收支约束。 赵 伟 申万宏源证券首席经济学家 贾东旭 高级宏观分析师 侯倩楠 宏观分析师 外需依赖加剧下的内需"失衡",2024年内需对GDP增长的贡献率下降至1997年以来新低。 结构性矛盾突 出表现为:2024年净出口对GDP增长贡献率达30.3%,而最终消费对GDP增长的贡献率仅有44.5%,为 2007年以来最低(剔除2020年特殊值)。 货币政策传导机制中的"梗阻"在房地产领域集中显现,地产销售对利率"脱敏"。 房地产相关贷款呈现疫 前高增(2015-2019年新增25.7万亿)、疫中降速(2020-2022年新增8.4万亿)、疫后收缩(2023-2024年 净减少3600亿)三阶段特征。2023-2024年房贷利率与商品房销售持续脱钩,显示利率传导机制不畅。 财政收入下降对融资扩张的"抵消效应",导致财政支出增速已连续四年低于名义GDP增速。 财政收入面 临双重压力,首要压力来自土地财政收缩(20 ...