Group 1 - The "Two Mountains" theory proposed by China serves as a reference for global green and low-carbon transformation, marking the 20th anniversary of the concept in 2025 [1] - Over the past 20 years, China has accounted for approximately 25% of the world's newly added vegetation coverage, leading globally [2] - China has the largest clean power system and renewable energy generation capacity in the world, with the fastest decline in energy intensity and improvement in air quality [2] Group 2 - The integration of ecological protection and socio-economic development is emphasized, showcasing that both can mutually benefit each other [3] - In Shandong, the implementation of the "Two Mountains" concept has led to a forest coverage increase from less than 10% to 31.45%, while promoting eco-tourism and local agriculture [3] - The tea industry in Guizhou, covering 7.5 million acres, not only enhances ecological protection but also contributes to economic growth, with a projected comprehensive output value of 97 billion RMB in 2024 [3]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the progress and achievements in the construction of beautiful bays in China, highlighting the integration of land and sea governance, high-quality development practices, and a people-centered approach [1][2][3] Group 2 - The third batch of 11 excellent beautiful bay cases showcases breakthroughs in integrated governance, with significant improvements in water quality, such as a 32% increase in the proportion of good water quality in the Yellow River estuary area compared to the baseline year [1] - The cases also demonstrate effective high-quality development practices, such as the "marine blue carbon - blue economy" dual circulation model in Taizhou, Zhejiang, which benefits both environmental protection and local economic gains [1] - Public satisfaction regarding the beautiful bay construction exceeds 95%, with various coastal projects receiving positive recognition from local residents and tourists [2] Group 3 - The scope of beautiful bay construction has expanded significantly, increasing from 50 to over 110 bays, with cities like Xiamen and Qinhuangdao exploring comprehensive beautiful bay development [3] - The ecological environment quality of bays is improving, with 162 bays projected to have over 85% good water quality by 2024, and 125 bays achieving 100% good water quality [3] - Innovative mechanisms are being implemented to enhance governance systems and financial support for beautiful bay projects [3] Group 4 - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment aims to continue promoting beautiful bay construction with new goals focusing on clean water, clean beaches, harmonious human-ocean relationships, and overall quality of life improvements [4]

一、资源主权与生态责任的国际法双重义务 中国充分尊重几内亚行使资源主权，但根据联合国《自然资源永久主权宣言》与《巴黎协定》框架，主权国家对 资源的开发利用需同时履行生态环境保护的国际法义务： "两山"理论的全球启示：中国主张"绿水青山就是金山银山"的协同发展观。据《非洲矿业远景规划》 （AMV），矿山开发需确保生态修复成本占比不低于项目收益的15％。据几内亚2013年修订的《矿业法》政府 可无偿获取15％新矿业项目干股，并可通过谈判获得额外股权，，而当前被收回的51个矿权中，据当地某些数据 称,有70％左右的矿区河流水体破坏和红树林砍伐，本年度几内亚临时政府执政期将满，其环境评估程序完整性 存疑。 2025年6月23日 发表于 北京 近日，几内亚政府宣布无偿收回51份矿业许可证，涉及铝土矿、黄金、铁矿等核心资源。作为几内亚驻华大使馆 中国特约法律顾问、国际矿业法专家及"两山"理论实践研究者，靳懿霏律师从生态环境保护、国际法律义务及中 非可持续发展合作角度发表专家意见如下： 1。 技术换权益：向几内亚提供矿山生态修复技术（如赤泥无害化处理专利），换取已收回矿权的联合开发优先 权。 法律程序正当性：若征收行为确属 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the increasing role of technological innovation in transforming ecological advantages into economic benefits, addressing challenges in measuring, trading, and monetizing ecological products through advanced technologies like satellite remote sensing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain [1][2][19]. Group 1: Technological Innovation in Ecological Value - Technological innovation provides effective tools for precise quantification of ecological value, enabling dynamic assessment and quantification of ecosystem services [1][2][19]. - New technologies allow for the conversion of forest carbon sequestration capabilities into tradable carbon reduction credits, facilitating digital rights confirmation and value transformation of ecological resources [1][2][19]. - Digital platforms have been developed to calculate Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) efficiently, significantly enhancing the recognition of ecological value [1][2][19]. Group 2: Market Mechanisms and Trading Platforms - Technology plays a crucial role in reshaping the trading model of ecological products, with the integration of blockchain and IoT enhancing transaction efficiency [1][2][19]. - Emerging platforms like "Two Mountains Cloud Trading" and "Forestry Carbon Supermarket" have improved the matching of supply and demand for ecological products while reducing transaction costs and ensuring traceability throughout the process [1][2][19]. Group 3: Dual Enhancement of Ecological Products - Technological advancements have effectively driven both the quantity and quality improvements of ecological products, addressing challenges in ecological restoration and promoting continuous environmental improvement [2][20]. - The application of new technologies aids in upgrading traditional green industries, leading to increased production and income, as well as extending product chains through deep processing [2][20]. Group 4: Future Directions for Technological Innovation - There is a need to accelerate breakthroughs in core technologies to solidify the technical foundation for quantifying and transforming ecological value [2][20]. - Innovations in market mechanisms and the establishment of intelligent trading platforms are essential for creating a more efficient digital trading environment [2][20]. - Strengthening interdisciplinary talent cultivation and enhancing public awareness of ecological product value are critical for fostering a green consumption mindset [3][21]. Group 5: International Cooperation and Standards - Deepening international cooperation and actively participating in the formulation of relevant international standards are necessary for advancing global ecological governance systems [4][21]. - The article advocates for leveraging technological innovation as a driving force to continuously unlock the potential of ecological product value, contributing to global green development [5][21].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the implementation of the Ecological Environment-Oriented Development (EOD) model in Sanming City, Fujian Province, focusing on integrating ecological advantages with economic development through innovative practices in livestock pollution management and the cultivation of fast-growing Paulownia trees [1][2][3]. Group 1: EOD Model Implementation - The Sanming City Ecological Environment Bureau is promoting the EOD model to address livestock pollution, particularly in the Hu Fang Town pilot project, aiming to combine livestock waste management with the development of a new Paulownia industry [1][2]. - The EOD model emphasizes a collaborative approach involving government, enterprises, banks, and insurance to ensure project success and risk management [2][4]. Group 2: Ecological and Economic Benefits - The new Paulownia trees have a waste absorption capacity approximately five times greater than that of rice paddies, significantly improving pollution management and enhancing ecological quality [3]. - The project has a bid price of 5.77 billion yuan, with plans to establish a 40,000-acre Paulownia base, potentially generating annual profits of 30 million yuan, indicating strong economic viability [3][4]. Group 3: Social and Environmental Impact - The project aims to enhance local ecological quality, creating a more attractive living environment and boosting local employment opportunities, thereby improving the overall quality of life for residents [3][4]. - The initiative serves as a model for other regions, demonstrating how to effectively utilize livestock waste and promote green transformation in the livestock industry [4].

浙江省嘉兴市海宁市盐官镇坚持贯彻绿水青山就是金山银山的发展理念，以钱塘江"潮"文化为纽 带，持续探索"两山"转化路径，摸索出一条经济与生态互融共生、互促共进的"两山"路子。 生态优先、绿色发展。科学合理开发百里钱塘国际旅游长廊，兼顾工业企业腾退和百年老树保护与 修复，打造生态绿道、自然氧吧。推进社会生产生活绿色转型，培育"无废乡村""无废企业"等"无废细 胞"；推进减污降碳协同治理，培育绩效A级企业、"低（零）碳村"等。改善大气环境质量，推进工业 企业废气治理、秸秆禁烧；加强河道治理与生物多样性修复，开展农业面源污染控制、生态岸线修复、 鱼类增殖放流，推进智慧监测与智慧化管理。 生态赋能，借"绿"生"金"。探索"两山"转化路径，率先开展生态系统生产总值（GEP）核算，探索 生态产品价值实现机制。依托天下奇观钱江潮自然禀赋，开发盐官特色文旅项目，形成"生态+潮文 化"特色IP。"生态馆+咖啡馆"模式走红网络平台，成为"稻田"打卡点；发展生态农业，提升农产品附加 值，海宁钱江潮粮油专业合作社联合社实践事例入选全国典型实践案例，"盐官汪菜"进入省农博会；成 功承办2025年浙江省"我们的村晚"，大力输出"泥土芳香" ...

Core Viewpoint - The development of the under-forest economy is crucial for promoting rural revitalization, increasing farmers' income, and enhancing consumption, as emphasized by national leaders and government reports [1][2][3]. Summary by Sections Under-Forest Planting - Under-forest planting involves cultivating various crops within forest areas, including medicinal herbs, mushrooms, tea, fruits, and vegetables [2][3]. - The environmental conditions of forest land significantly influence the types of economic crops that can be grown, necessitating local adaptations [2][3]. Regional Advantages - Yunnan province, with its diverse climate and rich biodiversity, has seen its under-forest economy flourish, with total output value rising from 65 billion yuan in 2019 to 148.1 billion yuan in 2023 [3]. - The province's unique ecological conditions support the growth of wild edible mushrooms and medicinal herbs, contributing to its leading position in the national under-forest economy [3]. Collaborative Models - The "enterprise + forest farm + base + farmer" model is proposed to enhance cooperation among different stakeholders, reducing market risks and ensuring mutual benefits [4]. - In Fujian, the collaboration model has led to significant production in bamboo shoots, with an annual output of 2.136 million tons [4]. Challenges in Under-Forest Economy - The under-forest economy faces challenges such as small-scale operations, lack of market information, and difficulties in technical dissemination [3][4]. - The reliance on traditional methods and the absence of a robust technological support system hinder the potential for scaling and industrialization [24][25]. Under-Forest Animal Husbandry - Under-forest animal husbandry includes sustainable practices for raising livestock, poultry, and bees, with annual outputs of approximately 4.9 billion poultry and over 50 million livestock [6][8]. - Successful examples include the revival of deer farming in Guangxi through improved breeding techniques and management practices [9]. Processing and Branding - The development of deep processing capabilities and brand recognition is essential for enhancing the value of under-forest products [13][15]. - Successful cases in regions like Hunan and Fujian demonstrate the potential for integrating local resources into broader economic models, such as tourism and cultural experiences [15][16]. Policy and Financial Support - Strengthening policy support and financial backing is critical for scaling the under-forest economy, with calls for innovative financing solutions tailored to the unique characteristics of forestry [27][25]. - The government aims to enhance the under-forest economy's contribution to rural income, targeting an annual output value of around 1 trillion yuan [27][28].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the integration of ecological protection and economic development in Tonggu County, Jiangxi Province, showcasing a model of green development that aligns with the "green mountains and clear waters are as valuable as mountains of gold and silver" philosophy [1][3]. Group 1: Ecological Protection - Tonggu County prioritizes ecological preservation as a key strategy for socio-economic development, focusing on building a life community among mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands [1]. - The county has achieved a forest coverage rate of 88.04%, establishing itself as the "ecological green heart" of the Yangtze River middle reaches [1]. Group 2: Urban Development - Over 200 million yuan has been invested in the construction of 932 new villages, creating 9 beautiful and livable demonstration towns and 50 demonstration villages [2]. - The county has implemented urban enhancement actions, improving urban functions and quality, and has built several parks to enhance green space [2]. Group 3: Innovative Mechanisms - Tonggu County is exploring mechanisms for realizing the value of ecological products, addressing challenges in measuring, trading, and monetizing ecological assets [3]. - An ecological product value realization support platform has been established, and various financial products have been introduced to facilitate the transformation of ecological resources into economic value [3]. Group 4: Economic Development - The county is developing a diversified ecological industrial system focusing on health, green food, and tourism, with a modern agricultural system that includes organic certification and significant production value [4]. - The county aims to create a national all-region tourism demonstration zone, enhancing its tourism offerings and successfully establishing several scenic areas [4].

Core Viewpoint - The construction of a Chinese philosophy and social science autonomous knowledge system, particularly in ecological civilization, is a key reform task highlighted in the 20th National Congress and the "Education Strong Nation Construction Plan Outline (2024-2035)" [1] Group 1: Ecological Civilization Knowledge System - The ecological civilization autonomous knowledge system is a crucial part of the Chinese philosophy and social science autonomous knowledge system, aiming to innovate knowledge, theory, and methods while reconstructing academic and discourse systems with Eastern wisdom [1] - The "Changting Experience" serves as a model of "new practices with regularity," showcasing how ecological restoration can lead to sustainable development and economic benefits [2] Group 2: Knowledge Independence - The "Changting Experience" reflects the autonomous characteristics of China's ecological civilization construction, moving away from the "Western interpretation of Chinese practices" to a paradigm of "Chinese interpretation of Chinese practices" [3] - This experience dismantles the knowledge dependency that has historically placed China at the lower end of the knowledge production chain [4] Group 3: Original Theoretical Contributions - The "Changting Experience" embodies original theoretical contributions to the ecological civilization autonomous knowledge system, particularly the "Two Mountains" theory, which emphasizes the relationship between economic development and environmental protection [5] - This theory provides a dialectical understanding of the dynamic relationship between ecological preservation and economic growth, countering Western ecological thought that often presents a binary opposition [6][7]

Group 1 - The conference on industrial innovation and high-value utilization of coal gangue was held in Shanxi, attracting over 500 participants including industry experts and representatives from research institutions and enterprises [1][2] - The event highlighted the significant advancements in the comprehensive disposal and utilization of coal gangue, driven by the "Two Mountains Theory" and "Dual Carbon Strategy" [2][4] - Experts provided insights on the current status of coal gangue management, research progress, industrial policies, and future prospects, contributing valuable suggestions for local development [2][4] Group 2 - The innovative technological model of the Gaoping project has opened new pathways for the high-quality and large-scale development of coal gangue utilization, serving as a good example for others [4] - The conference established a professional platform for showcasing cutting-edge technologies and innovative achievements in coal gangue high-value utilization, fostering collaboration among enterprises and research institutions [4] - The event also provided replicable low-carbon development solutions for resource-based cities in coal-producing regions, supporting the achievement of "Dual Carbon" goals [4][5] Group 3 - Following the conference, a delegation conducted research and inspections in Changzhi, focusing on high-tech, cultural tourism, and rural revitalization [5] - The delegation praised Changzhi's business environment, resource advantages, and policy support, which are crucial for deepening cooperation in various projects [5] - The activities aim to accelerate project implementation and contribute to the modernization of Changzhi, enhancing its development to new heights [5]