1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the document. 2. Core View of the Report In the critical period of China's economic transformation towards high - quality development and accelerated industrial restructuring, the capital market's support for technological innovation has entered a new stage. The launch of the "Technology Board" in the bond market in early May and the subsequent deployment at the Lujiazui Forum have further enriched the multi - level capital market system. Although the sci - tech innovation bond market is still in the cultivation stage and faces some structural problems, overseas mature markets have accumulated useful experience in supporting technological innovation financing, which can provide important references for China. In the future, efforts should be made to build a long - term mechanism for the bond market to serve technological innovation, deepen the function of the "Technology Board" in the bond market, and provide strong financial support for China's high - level technological self - reliance and strength [2][4]. 3. Summary According to Relevant Catalogs Policy Evolution - China's sci - tech innovation bond development can be divided into three stages: the pilot exploration period (2015 - 2020), the rapid growth period (2021 - 2024), and the multi - level development period (2025 to date). In the pilot exploration period,双创孵化债 and双创债 were piloted to broaden direct financing channels. In the rapid growth period, products like sci - tech corporate bonds and sci - tech notes were launched, and the market scale expanded rapidly. In the multi - level development period, the "Technology Board" was launched, and a series of measures were taken to improve the market [2][4][5]. Development Status - The sci - tech innovation bond market has expanded rapidly to a trillion - level scale. As of June 17, 2025, the cumulative issuance scale this year is close to 90 billion yuan, and the stock scale is about 230 billion yuan, accounting for over 70% of the total issuance scale of innovative varieties. - The issuance is mainly short - to medium - term, with a further short - term tendency, which has a certain mismatch with long - term capital needs. - There is a cost advantage, with an average issuance cost lower than that of bonds of the same term and type. - The issuer structure is mainly central and local state - owned enterprises, accounting for about 90%, and the issuers' credit ratings are mainly above AA +, with AAA - rated entities issuing the most bonds. - Traditional industries have a relatively high scale, and emerging industries are actively exploring issuance. After the new regulations in May, financial institutions issued a large number of sci - tech innovation bonds. - Regional performance is differentiated, with Beijing, Shanghai, Shandong, and Guangdong having larger issuance scales, and the issuance in the eastern coastal areas is relatively more active [2][10][11]. Contradiction Analysis - The sci - tech innovation bond market is in the cultivation stage and has structural problems. The issuer structure is differentiated, with insufficient support for small and medium - sized enterprises. - Investors have a low risk preference, and their lack of willingness to buy low - quality sci - tech innovation bonds affects the bond structure. - The trading activity is average, and the market liquidity needs to be improved. - The application of credit enhancement tools is insufficient, and the risk - sharing function remains to be realized [2][23][25]. International Experience - Developed countries support technological innovation financing through multiple means, including building a multi - level capital market system, developing high - yield bond and ABS markets, optimizing the stock - bond - loan linkage model, introducing patient capital, and using funds, index products, and derivatives markets to balance risks [28][30][32]. Policy Recommendations - Anchor the direction of technological innovation, combine the enterprise life cycle to open up diversified financing channels, and deepen the construction of the "Technology Board" in the bond market. - Optimize the investment - side ecosystem, introduce diversified funds, and improve market liquidity. - Further improve the risk - sharing and credit - enhancement mechanism to strengthen risk sharing. - Guide the market to objectively view and correctly understand risks, and give full play to the role of credit ratings in risk disclosure [34][36][38].

Core Viewpoint - The integration of technology, industry, and finance forms a mutually beneficial ecosystem that drives the transformation of technological achievements, but challenges remain in achieving effective interaction between technology and finance [1][2] Group 1: Challenges in Technology and Finance Interaction - There are significant differences in risk characteristics and financing needs of technology enterprises at different stages of their lifecycle, leading to insufficient adaptability of financial supply [1] Group 2: Recommendations for Improvement - Strengthening the credit service capabilities of banks to direct more credit resources towards technology-oriented SMEs, promoting rapid growth in technology loans [1] - Optimizing policies for re-loans for technological innovation and equipment upgrades, with a signed loan amount of 16,705 billion and disbursed amount of 5,701 billion as of the end of April [1] - Establishing a "Technology Board" in the bond market to support the issuance of technology innovation bonds by financial institutions, technology enterprises, and equity investment institutions [1] - Enhancing support from capital markets by optimizing systems for listing, mergers and acquisitions, and equity incentives, while also promoting innovation in technology insurance products and services [1] Group 3: Collaborative Mechanisms - Strengthening collaborative mechanisms to improve the technology finance ecosystem, including establishing a coordinated promotion mechanism among the People's Bank of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and relevant departments [2]

Core Viewpoint - The issuance of the first private venture capital "Sci-Tech Bond" by Dongfang Fuhai marks a significant milestone in China's equity investment industry, providing a new fundraising avenue and enhancing the market's LP strength [2][8][10]. Group 1: Project Overview - Dongfang Fuhai has received approval to issue a total of 1.5 billion yuan in Sci-Tech Bonds with a term of 15 years, aimed at funding venture capital investments in strategic emerging industries such as artificial intelligence, new energy, semiconductors, and biomedicine [1]. - The project sets new records in terms of total issuance scale and term length compared to similar projects [1]. Group 2: Impact on Fundraising - The funds raised from the Sci-Tech Bonds can be directly used for contributions to sub-funds, enhancing the fundraising capabilities of venture capital institutions [2]. - The issuance of Sci-Tech Bonds is expected to alleviate the current fundraising difficulties faced by private venture capital institutions, which often struggle to attract market-based funds [2][8]. Group 3: Policy and Market Context - The establishment of the "Sci-Tech Board" in the bond market aims to support experienced private equity and venture capital institutions in issuing long-term Sci-Tech Bonds, thereby driving more funds into early-stage and hard technology investments [3][9]. - Recent government policies encourage venture capital institutions to issue bonds, enhancing their ability to raise stable long-term funds [5]. Group 4: Historical Context and Development - The concept of bond issuance for venture capital has been explored since 2017, with the introduction of the "Double Innovation Bond" policy, which opened up new fundraising channels for private equity funds [6]. - The cumulative issuance of Sci-Tech Bonds has reached nearly 1.2 trillion yuan, with over 820 billion yuan issued this year alone, reflecting a year-on-year growth of over 50% [7]. Group 5: Challenges and Future Outlook - Historically, private venture capital institutions have been less active in bond issuance due to challenges such as low credit ratings and high issuance costs [8]. - The successful issuance of Sci-Tech Bonds serves as a demonstration effect, indicating a potential shift in the fundraising landscape for equity investment institutions [12].

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government is actively promoting the "Technology Board" in the bond market to support technology-driven companies and venture capital institutions, addressing their unique financing challenges [1][2]. Group 1: Technology Board Initiatives - The "Technology Board" allows issuers to flexibly issue bonds in installments, simplifies information disclosure requirements, and reduces certain issuance and transaction fees [1]. - The initiative primarily supports venture capital institutions, which are crucial for early-stage, small, and hard technology investments, facing challenges such as light assets and long investment cycles [1]. - A risk-sharing tool for technology innovation bonds has been created, with the central bank providing low-cost re-lending funds [1]. Group 2: Market Response and Future Plans - Currently, around 100 institutions are either registered or have issued technology innovation bonds, totaling over 250 billion yuan [2]. - The government aims to closely monitor and continue advancing the "Technology Board," while also improving the supporting mechanisms to enhance its effectiveness [2].

Group 1 - The Ministry of Science and Technology, along with several financial regulatory bodies, has issued a set of policy measures aimed at enhancing the support for high-level technological self-reliance and innovation in China [1] - A new "Technology Board" in the bond market has been established to better support technology innovation, allowing financial and equity investment institutions to issue technology innovation bonds [1] - Key features of the differentiated bond issuance and trading system include flexible installment issuance, simplified information disclosure requirements, and reduced transaction fees [1] Group 2 - Equity investment institutions are identified as the most critical entities needing support in issuing technology innovation bonds, as they play a vital role in fostering innovation capital formation [2] - The Technology Board will create risk-sharing tools for technology innovation bonds, with the People's Bank of China providing low-cost refinancing funds to mitigate risks for bond investors [2] - Nearly 100 institutions have already responded positively, issuing technology innovation bonds totaling over 250 billion [2]

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange are implementing measures to support the bond market's "Technology Board," which aims to facilitate flexible bond issuance and reduce costs for equity investment institutions [1] Group 1: Bond Market Support - The "Technology Board" allows issuers to flexibly issue bonds in installments and simplifies information disclosure requirements [1] - Certain transaction fees related to bond issuance will be waived to encourage participation [1] Group 2: Focus on Equity Investment Institutions - The primary beneficiaries of the "Technology Board" are equity investment institutions, which are crucial for early-stage, small-scale, and hard technology investments [1] - These institutions often face challenges such as light assets and long investment cycles, making traditional bond financing less viable due to short financing terms and high costs [1] Group 3: Risk Sharing Mechanism - A risk-sharing mechanism for technology innovation bonds has been established, with the central bank providing low-cost re-lending funds [1] - The initiative will particularly support leading equity investment institutions with strong investment experience in issuing bonds [1]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the content 2. Core Viewpoints - The policy dividend drives the rapid expansion of the science - innovation bond market. The new policy has three major focuses, which will promote the diversification of bond - issuing entities and the optimization of the bond structure [2]. - The science - innovation bond market has investment value. Most science - innovation bonds have a small premium compared to ordinary credit bonds, and high - rating science - innovation bonds are highly recognized by the market. In the future, the market liquidity of science - innovation bonds is expected to improve, and the variety premium may be compressed [4]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Science - innovation Bond Regulatory Policy History - **From "Double - innovation Bonds" to Science - innovation Bonds**: The prototype of science - innovation bonds can be traced back to the "double - innovation bonds" in 2015. After multiple stages of development, in 2022, a dual - market pattern of "exchange science - innovation bonds + inter - bank science - innovation notes" was formed, and in 2025, the policy support was further strengthened [8][9][10]. - **Three Key Points of the New Science - innovation Bond Policy**: The new policy broadens the issuing entities and the scope of use of raised funds, encourages the creation of science - innovation bond index products to guide investment institutions to increase their allocation, and improves the risk - sharing mechanism. There are also supporting policies such as fee reduction and a "green channel" for review [12][13][14]. 3.2 Science - innovation Bond Issuance Characteristics and Future Outlook - **Market Expansion**: Since 2021, the cumulative issuance of science - innovation corporate bonds and science - innovation notes has reached 2.7 trillion yuan. After the new policy, the issuance of science - innovation bonds has increased significantly. Nearly 500 market institutions plan to issue science - innovation bonds with a cumulative scale of over 300 billion yuan [16]. - **Diversification of Issuing Entities**: The issuing entities of science - innovation bonds are mainly central and local state - owned enterprises, and the new policy may increase the proportion of financial institutions [18]. - **Policy Support for Low - cost and Long - term Bonds**: The weighted average issuance term of science - innovation bonds has increased in recent years. Although currently, most issued science - innovation bonds are still 3 - year bonds, policy guidance may encourage the issuance of long - term and ultra - long - term bonds [26]. - **Improvement of Risk - sharing Mechanisms**: The new policy aims to reduce the default loss risk of science - innovation bonds through diversified credit enhancement measures. Currently, most issued science - innovation bonds are unsecured, but in the future, diversified credit enhancement measures may be continuously implemented [29]. 3.3 Secondary Market Performance and Investment Analysis of Science - innovation Bonds - **Yield Performance**: Most science - innovation bonds have a small premium compared to ordinary credit bonds. High - rating science - innovation bonds are more recognized by the market, with a smaller spread compared to general credit bonds. The yield of science - innovation bonds issued by the National Development Bank is lower than that of the same - term national development bonds [33]. - **Liquidity Performance**: After the new policy, the turnover rate of newly issued science - innovation bonds is higher than that of science - innovation notes and science - innovation corporate bonds. The main buyers in the first week of issuance are joint - stock banks, public funds, and other institutions. In the future, the market liquidity of science - innovation bonds is expected to improve [39][44]. - **Investment Suggestions**: It is recommended to actively pay attention to the investment opportunities of medium - and short - duration science - innovation bonds with an implicit rating of AA + or above. For medium - and low - rating science - innovation bonds with credit enhancement measures, appropriate exploration can also be carried out [44].

Group 1: Monetary Policy and Market Operations - The central bank conducted a 645 billion yuan reverse repurchase operation with a fixed rate of 1.40% on May 15, resulting in a total net withdrawal of 2,191 billion yuan for the day due to maturing reverse repos and MLF [1][2][3] - Overnight and seven-day pledged repo rates for deposit-taking institutions slightly increased, with the latter rising by less than 1 basis point [2] - The latest overnight financing rate in the U.S. stands at 4.3% [5] Group 2: Interbank and Bond Market - The latest transaction for one-year interbank certificates of deposit in the secondary market is around 1.67%, showing little change from the previous day [7] - The yield spreads for AAA-rated local government bonds across various maturities have been detailed, indicating specific rates for government bonds and policy bank bonds [11] - The closing prices for government bond futures showed a mixed performance, with the 30-year contract rising by 0.24% and the 5-year contract falling by 0.03% [12] Group 3: Economic Outlook and Trade - The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forecasts a GDP growth rate of 2.6% for the Asia-Pacific region in 2025, down from a previous estimate of 3.3% [15] - The volatility in trade policies during April was reported to be nine times the average from 2015 to 2024 [15] Group 4: Bond Market Developments - The Ministry of Science and Technology and other departments are working to enhance the bond market's support for technological innovation, including the establishment of a "technology board" [17] - The first batch of technology innovation bonds in Tianjin has successfully raised funds to support corporate technological advancements [17] - There has been a significant increase in the scale of land acquisition planned through special bonds by local governments since the second quarter [17]

Report Summary 1. Investment Rating No investment rating for the industry is provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints - The monetary policy continues to be "moderately loose" and shifts its focus towards stabilizing growth. Given the increasing external shocks and the need to consolidate the domestic economic recovery, further monetary policy easing can be expected [2][26]. - Multiple quantitative monetary policy tools are continuously used to maintain sufficient liquidity, and the credit resources are mainly directed towards the "Five Major Articles", "consumption", and "stabilizing foreign trade". Price - based tools are still restricted by the net interest margin, and financial institutions may be guided to price rationally [2][26]. - With the increasing downward pressure on the US economy and the weakening of the US dollar's safe - haven property, the pressure on the exchange rate to restrict monetary policy has eased [2][9]. - In the bond market, due to the need for stabilizing growth, the capital market may become looser, and bond yields still have room to decline. The central bank plans to innovate and launch a "technology board" in the bond market to guide bond funds to the innovation field more efficiently [2][26]. - In terms of credit, the short - term credit risk may increase due to the uncertainty of the external environment, and attention should be paid to the progress of trade frictions, the sustainability of economic recovery, and the frequency and intensity of policy repairs [3][27]. 3. Summary by Directory Policy Tone - The monetary policy in Q1 2025 continues the tone of the Central Economic Work Conference and the Politburo Meeting, emphasizing "flexibility" in policy implementation [8]. - Although the domestic economy started well in Q1, affected by the US tariff policy since April, the domestic export has been frustrated. At the same time, the weakening of the US dollar's safe - haven property has eased the exchange - rate pressure on monetary policy. The domestic monetary policy will still be "moderately loose" and strengthen counter - cyclical adjustment [9]. Interest Rates - The Q1 report adds the statement of "reducing the bank's liability - side cost". With the adjustment of the MLF operation mechanism, the policy rate system has changed, and it is expected that the deposit rate will decline following the loan rate [10][12]. - In Q1 2025, the weighted average interest rate of new loans issued by financial institutions decreased. The central bank advocates promoting the decline of the comprehensive financing cost of SMEs by clarifying various financing costs [13]. Liquidity - The Q1 report aims to maintain sufficient liquidity. In the short - term, the capital market has changed from a tight - balance to a loose state. In the medium - and long - term, the central bank has adjusted various tools to supplement the capital gap. The reduction of the deposit - reserve ratio in May will release long - term liquidity and relieve the bank's net interest - margin pressure [15][16]. - The central bank has suspended the treasury - bond trading operation in Q1 and may resume it under specific conditions [17]. Credit - The Q1 report emphasizes increasing credit supply and guiding more credit resources to key areas and weak links. In addition to the previous areas, it also highlights "stabilizing foreign trade" [19][21]. - Structural monetary policies will focus on the "Five Major Articles", consumption, and stabilizing foreign trade [21]. Bond Market Mechanism - The Q1 report proposes to innovate and launch a "technology board" in the bond market, which will help guide bond funds to the innovation field more efficiently and solve existing problems in the science - innovation bond market [22][23]. - The central bank emphasizes strengthening investors' interest - rate risk management and points out that the pricing efficiency and risk - management ability of the bond market need to be improved [24].

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of a "Technology Board" in the bond market aims to support the development of technology enterprises through a series of comprehensive policies and measures [1][4][10]. Group 1: Policy Overview - The People's Bank of China, along with the CSRC and other departments, has introduced a package of policies to support the issuance of technology innovation bonds [1][4]. - The unified naming of technology-related bonds as "technology innovation bonds" marks a significant step towards a clearer policy roadmap for supporting technology enterprises [5][6]. - The issuance entities have expanded to include financial institutions, technology enterprises, private equity investment institutions, and venture capital institutions [6][10]. Group 2: Market Response - Following the announcement of the policies, nearly 100 market institutions plan to issue over 300 billion yuan in technology innovation bonds, with 55 institutions already issuing more than 80 billion yuan [2][11][12]. - Banks are the primary issuers, accounting for over 450 billion yuan, while leading securities firms have issued over 160 billion yuan [12][13]. Group 3: Financial Support Mechanisms - The policies include risk-sharing mechanisms, such as credit protection tools and government financing guarantees, to support the issuance and investment of technology innovation bonds [6][7]. - A series of fees related to the issuance and trading of technology innovation bonds will be waived from 2025 to 2027, providing significant cost savings for institutions [8][10]. Group 4: Investment Trends - The technology innovation bonds are primarily directed towards sectors such as construction, industrial investment, and energy, with a growing focus on high-tech industries like medical devices and renewable energy [14][17]. - The bond market for technology innovation has seen rapid growth, with a year-on-year increase of 186.47% in issuance scale in 2023, and a projected continued high growth rate in 2024 [13][14]. Group 5: Areas for Improvement - There are concerns regarding the actual use of raised funds, as initial issuances have deviated from supporting early-stage technology enterprises [17]. - The standardization of evaluation criteria for "technology innovation attributes" across different bond types needs to be strengthened [17][18]. - The tendency towards short-term bonds may limit support for long-term research and development projects, highlighting the need for a more balanced maturity structure [17][18].