中国反制美关税霸权，获全球认可 近期一份在12月29日发布的《中国国际形象全球调查报告》传递出令人深思的信号：国际社会对中国的观感持续向好，而对关税霸权 的批评则日益尖锐。 尤其值得注意的是，多个国家的民众将美国的关税战形容为"单边霸凌"，并对中方采取的对等反制表示支持。 这究竟是国际贸易秩序风向开始转变的征兆，还是国际社会对极端保护主义的一次集体反思？ 民意何以倒向"反霸凌"的那一边 这项覆盖46个国家、约5.17万样本的年度调查显示，全球公众对中国形象的认可度正稳步提升，对其政策理念的认同也在逐渐扩大。 报告发布当日，即获得多家权威媒体的同步转载，凸显出这一议题在当下的现实重要性。 从统计角度看，该调查样本广泛、方法专业，为讨论提供了扎实的数据基础。 与这份年度报告相呼应的是，多项针对关税议题的专项调查同样释放出清晰信号。 根据2025年2月至4月面向38个国家进行的一项民意调查，超过九成受访者对美国的关税霸凌行为表示反对，并且在38国中的37国，大 多数受访者支持中国采取的反制措施。 即便采取相对保守的估算，支持率仍高达六到七成，这足以说明一个趋势：全球舆论对单边加税行为的容忍度正在迅速降低。 为什么" ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the implications of China's countermeasures against the U.S. tariffs and fees, particularly focusing on the inclusion of Hanwha Ocean's subsidiaries in the U.S. on the entity list, which signifies a shift in the geopolitical landscape affecting third-party companies [1][3]. Group 1: Impact on Third-Party Companies - Hanwha Ocean relied on Chinese steel and supply chains for cost advantages while seeking opportunities in the U.S. market, but the recent sanctions have disrupted this balance, leading to a drop in its stock price and political anxiety in South Korea [3][5]. - The inclusion of specific companies in the entity list transforms ambiguous industry positions into clear risk exposures, prompting global companies to reassess their strategic alignments [3][13]. Group 2: U.S.-China Trade Dynamics - The U.S. initiated a 301 investigation against China's logistics and shipbuilding industries, claiming unfair competition due to government subsidies, which led to increased fees for Chinese vessels docking at U.S. ports [5][25]. - China's countermeasures were not merely reactive but strategically timed, aligning the implementation of new fees with U.S. actions to create a mirrored structure that limits the options available to the U.S. [7][24]. Group 3: Domestic Reactions in the U.S. - Major U.S. retailers like Walmart expressed dissatisfaction with the rising costs due to increased shipping fees, indicating a potential backlash against the U.S. government's policies [9][20]. - The U.S. shipbuilding and shipping industries are divided, with some stakeholders arguing that the policies are counterproductive, potentially harming U.S. port operations and benefiting European and Japanese shipping companies [9][20]. Group 4: Strategic Responses and Future Outlook - China's recent actions, including rare earth export controls and port fee increases, form a cohesive strategy that pressures the U.S. while clarifying the boundaries of acceptable corporate behavior for third-party companies [11][22]. - The ongoing trade tensions highlight the complexities of global supply chains, where unilateral policies can have widespread repercussions, forcing companies to navigate a landscape of increased compliance risks and cost management challenges [14][26].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that China's response to the U.S. imposition of port fees on Chinese vessels is a necessary defensive action after prolonged patience and failed communications [1][3] - The term "passive defense" used by China indicates a clear stance: China does not seek confrontation, the U.S. is the initiator of conflicts, and China has no option but to retaliate [3][5] - The U.S. "301 investigation" is characterized as a unilateral tool that bypasses multilateral dispute resolution mechanisms, reflecting a continuation of U.S. trade policy towards China [5][8] Group 2 - The U.S. accuses China of employing non-market measures in maritime, logistics, and shipbuilding industries without providing solid evidence, while China attributes its industry growth to innovation and market rules [5][7] - China has made efforts to engage in dialogue since the London economic talks, but the U.S. has shown a negative attitude, closing off negotiation avenues [7][10] - China's countermeasures are precise, targeting only U.S. vessels to minimize collateral damage and are based on domestic law while adhering to WTO principles [7][8] Group 3 - The international reaction to the term "passive defense" highlights a shift in narrative, challenging the Western portrayal of China as aggressive [10][12] - If the U.S. continues to misuse the 301 clause, it may lead to a fragmented global trade system as other countries might adopt similar retaliatory measures [10][12] - The ongoing trade friction may enter a new phase, with the U.S. potentially combining various pressure tactics against China, necessitating a multi-faceted response from China [12][14]

Core Viewpoint - The Brazilian government, led by President Lula, firmly opposes the U.S. decision to impose tariffs on Brazilian exports, asserting that Brazil will not yield to U.S. pressure and will defend its sovereignty [1][3]. Group 1: Tariff Imposition - The U.S. has announced a 40% tariff on Brazilian exports effective from August 6, with most products facing an increased tariff rate of 50% [5]. - U.S. Trade Representative Greer stated that the new round of tariffs, including the 50% tariff on Brazil, is largely finalized and will not be adjusted during current negotiations [3]. Group 2: Brazilian Response - President Lula emphasized that Brazil is not a minor player and will not accept U.S. tariffs as a form of political coercion, indicating a commitment to equal dialogue [1][3]. - Brazil plans to negotiate with the U.S. regarding the tariffs and will implement reciprocal measures if negotiations fail [3].

Group 1 - The core issue revolves around the U.S. imposing a 50% tariff on Brazilian goods starting August 1, prompting Brazil to consider retaliatory measures and engage in negotiations with the U.S. [1][5] - Brazilian President Lula has stated that Brazil will prioritize negotiations and may file a complaint with the World Trade Organization if talks fail [4][5] - Brazil's Economic Reciprocity Law allows for countermeasures against countries that impose unfavorable trade measures, which could include imposing a 50% tariff on U.S. exports to Brazil [4] Group 2 - Brazil's Agriculture Minister Carlos Favaro criticized the U.S. tariff as an "unjust action" and indicated a shift in focus towards markets in the Middle East and South Asia as alternative export options [5] - The Brazilian government has formally rejected a letter from former U.S. President Trump regarding the tariff and has summoned the U.S. chargé d'affaires for clarification on comments made about former President Bolsonaro [5][6] - Bolsonaro is currently under investigation by Brazil's Supreme Court for alleged involvement in a coup attempt following his electoral defeat in 2022 [6] Group 3 - Canadian Industry Minister Mélanie Joly has responded strongly to the U.S. tariff on copper imports, stating that Canada will firmly oppose the measure, although specific counteractions were not disclosed [8] - The U.S. tariff on copper is set to take effect on August 1, with Canada exporting approximately CAD 9.3 billion worth of copper and copper-based products in 2023, half of which goes to the U.S. [8]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the escalating trade tensions between the United States and Brazil, particularly focusing on the U.S. decision to impose a 50% tariff on Brazilian goods starting August 1, and Brazil's response to negotiate and potentially retaliate if necessary [1] Group 1: U.S. Tariff Announcement - The U.S. announced a 50% tariff on Brazilian goods effective August 1 [1] - This decision is part of a broader trade strategy that may impact various sectors within Brazil's economy [1] Group 2: Brazil's Response - Brazilian President Lula stated that Brazil will prioritize negotiations with the U.S. regarding the tariffs [1] - If negotiations fail, Brazil will implement reciprocal measures, including a 50% tariff on U.S. exports to Brazil [1] - Brazil plans to file a complaint with the World Trade Organization (WTO) against the U.S. unilateral tariff increase [1] Group 3: Economic Reciprocity Law - Brazil's Economic Reciprocity Law, effective April 2025, allows for the suspension of commercial benefits and investment obligations in response to unfavorable measures from other countries [1] - This law provides a legal framework for Brazil to respond to the U.S. tariffs and protect its international competitiveness [1] Group 4: Political Context - U.S. President Trump accused President Lula of political persecution against former President Bolsonaro in a letter accompanying the tariff announcement [1] - Lula emphasized Brazil's sovereignty and refusal to be controlled by external pressures regarding trade policies [1]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights India's unexpected strong stance against the U.S. by announcing retaliatory tariffs, which caught the Trump administration off guard [1][3] - India's decision to impose tariffs is a response to the U.S. tariffs that threaten its economy, with an estimated export loss of $2.89 billion and a tax burden of $725 million [3][4] - The article emphasizes India's shift from a previously accommodating position to a confrontational one, indicating a significant change in its trade strategy [5][7] Group 2 - India's economy is characterized by low reliance on exports, with exports constituting only 20% of its GDP, and only 18% of that being exports to the U.S., making the impact of U.S. tariffs less severe [11][12] - The U.S. is heavily dependent on India for pharmaceuticals and IT services, with 40% of generic drugs and 35% of global IT outsourcing coming from India, indicating a potential vulnerability for the U.S. if tensions escalate [14] - The agricultural sector, which employs half of India's workforce and constitutes 16% of its GDP, is a critical area where India is unwilling to compromise, fearing the impact of U.S. agricultural imports on local farmers [15][18] Group 3 - The article draws parallels between India's response and China's earlier actions, suggesting that India's assertiveness is inspired by China's successful countermeasures against U.S. tariffs [20][22] - India's strategic positioning suggests it may leverage its relationship with the U.S. to gain better terms, especially as the U.S. faces pressure from multiple fronts [25][28] - The article concludes that India's calculated response reflects a pragmatic approach to international trade, indicating that the era of unilateral U.S. trade policies may be coming to an end [39][42]

Group 1 - Japan's chief trade negotiator, Akizawa Ryo, is in the U.S. for the fifth round of U.S.-Japan tariff negotiations, proposing a targeted cooperation plan focused on rare earths and liquefied natural gas supply chains disrupted by the U.S.-China trade war [1][2] - Japan aims to leverage its advantages in rare earth processing and recycling technologies to support the U.S. in mitigating the impact of China's countermeasures in critical minerals [2][4] - The proposed cooperation includes expanding imports of U.S. semiconductor products and liquefied natural gas, as well as potential collaboration in shipbuilding and semiconductor material production [2][4] Group 2 - Japan's strategy is driven by a significant trade deficit with the U.S. and a desire to counterbalance China's rise, seeking U.S. concessions on tariffs through cooperation against China [4][5] - The U.S. has conflicting demands, urging Japan to decouple from China in key sectors while being reluctant to offer concessions, reflecting deeper strategic contradictions in U.S.-China relations [4][5] - Japan's reliance on China for 40% of its automotive and electronics supply chains poses risks, as forced decoupling could increase costs and exacerbate resource security issues [7][5] Group 3 - Japan's approach of sacrificing relations with China for U.S. benefits may backfire, as the U.S. has a history of double standards regarding its allies' economic interests [7][5] - China's firm stance against any deals that compromise its interests, along with its significant trade relationship with Japan, provides it with leverage in this negotiation [5][7] - The broader geopolitical landscape suggests that countries maintaining multilateralism and global supply chain stability will emerge as winners, while Japan risks becoming strategically isolated [7][5]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses China's response to the U.S. tariffs, highlighting its assertive measures and the implications for global trade dynamics, particularly in relation to the EU's position and strategy [1][3][9]. Group 1: China's Response - China has announced reciprocal measures against the U.S., including imposing similar tariffs on U.S. goods and tightening rare earth export controls [3][6]. - The U.S. administration, led by Trump, reacted by raising tariffs on China to 104%, indicating a willingness to escalate the trade conflict [3][9]. Group 2: EU's Position - The article suggests that the EU faces a dilemma: either retaliate against the U.S. or withdraw from confrontation, with the latter being a more likely option given its weakened state [6][9]. - The EU is portrayed as lacking the military and political strength to confront the U.S. effectively, which may lead to it being sidelined in global power dynamics [7][9]. Group 3: Global Power Dynamics - The commentary emphasizes that only a strong nation, specifically referring to China, has the capability to stand up to the U.S. in this trade conflict [6][14]. - The article critiques the EU's potential response as inadequate, suggesting that symbolic measures against the U.S. may be the only feasible approach without escalating tensions [9][10].