8月1日，美国总统一纸令下，突然提升输美商品关税，从原本的25%直接跳至35%，一时间，位于加拿大边境的货运卡车排起了长龙，发动机的轰鸣声打破 了寂静。此举引发了一场全球范围内的贸易风暴，预示着特朗普"对等关税"体系的正式启动。仅仅48小时后，瑞士的高端手表制造商将面对39%的税率，南 非的矿业巨头将被征收30%的关税，而所有输美商品的基准税率将普遍设定为10%，形成了一张遍布全球的关税网络。 这场突如其来的关税风暴，引起了世界各地的贸易商和政府的关注。美国海关与边境保护局紧急发布新指南，为全球贸易商提供了短暂的喘息机会。该文件 指出，凡在美东时间8月7日00：01之前已装船的货物，即使尚未抵达美国港口，也可以免除新的关税。新公布的关税体系，分为三大税率层级：基础税率为 10%，与美国有顺差或达成协议的国家则为15%，而未获豁免的国家则面临更高的税率。这一差异化的全球关税体系，标志着美国对外贸易政策进入了全新 阶段。 全球经济形势愈加复杂，世贸组织4月的报告已预警，美国的关税政策可能导致2025年全球货物贸易量下降0.2%，而北美地区的出口将大幅下降12.6%。这 一预测如今正逐渐成真，新关税体系带来的冲击波 ...

Group 1 - Trump's new tariff policy, implemented on July 31, 2025, aims to adjust global tariff rates under the pretext of "national security" and "fair trade" [1][3] - Tariff rates are significantly high, with Syria facing a 41% tariff, Myanmar and Laos at 40%, and Canada at 35%, while Brazil and the UK are at 10% [3] - The introduction of a 50% tariff on copper semi-finished products caused a dramatic 17.7% drop in copper prices, severely impacting industries reliant on this material, such as renewable energy and infrastructure [3] Group 2 - The U.S. stock market reacted negatively to the tariff announcement, with major indices dropping significantly on August 1, 2025, leading to a loss of over $100 billion in market value for companies like Apple and Nike [4] - The legal challenges against Trump's tariffs are mounting, with a federal appeals court hearing a case questioning the legality of the tariffs under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act [4][8] - The tariffs have led to a fragmented global trade order, with the EU and other allies expressing strong opposition and considering retaliatory measures [6][11] Group 3 - The tariffs have not affected China as severely, as it is subject to a 10% default tariff rate, indicating a strategic calculation by the U.S. to avoid escalating tensions with China [7] - Economic indicators in the U.S. are showing signs of distress, with July job growth falling short of expectations and a significant drop in the 10-year Treasury yield [7] - The ongoing trade tensions and tariff policies are accelerating the shift towards a multipolar trade system, with ASEAN and China seeing a 12% increase in trade [11]

Group 1 - Vietnam unexpectedly rejected the US proposed tariff plan, which initially suggested a 20% tariff, while Vietnam aimed for a lower rate of 11% [1][2] - The US announcement of a 20% tariff was made without a formal agreement, catching all parties off guard and leading to Vietnam's disappointment and anger [2][4] - Vietnam's government issued a memo instructing local media not to publish unverified information regarding the tariff agreement, indicating their opposition to Trump's claims [2][4] Group 2 - Vietnam's dissatisfaction with the tariff announcement coincided with its recent status as a partner country in BRICS, where it expressed serious concerns over unilateral US tariff measures [4][6] - During a meeting with China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi, Vietnam received assurances of support against US tariff bullying, emphasizing the need for equal negotiations [6] - China's stance against US tariff practices strengthens Vietnam's position, providing it with confidence and backing from both BRICS and China in trade negotiations [6]

据新华社消息，当地时间6月30日，美国总统特朗普在社交媒体发文，因日本拒绝接受美国出口大米，威胁对其征收新关税。贸易领域风云变幻，日美间这 场由大米引发的关税风波，背后实则暗藏着诸多复杂的利益博弈与战略考量。 特朗普（资料图） 特朗普近期频繁表达对日美贸易现状的不满。6月29日，其公开称美日贸易"不公平"，直言"日本将不得不支付25%的汽车关税"，指责日本不接受美国汽 车，却有大量日本汽车进入美国。仅仅过了一天，特朗普又将矛头指向大米贸易，抱怨日本即便面临严重米荒，也未大量采购美国大米。美国大米行业贸易 协会网站显示，日本本就是美国第二大精米出口市场。但在特朗普眼中，这远远不够。他扬言发函，以关税相逼，试图迫使日本在大米进口上对美进一步敞 开大门。 美国此番对日本挥舞关税大棒，背后有着深层次原因。从贸易逆差角度看，日本财务省数据显示，在2024财年（2024年4月1日至2025年3月31日），日本对 美贸易实现约9万亿日元顺差。长期存在的贸易逆差，一直是美国政府的心头痛。美国试图通过关税手段，改变这一局面，期望减少日本商品进入美国，同 时推动美国产品更多地进入日本市场。在农业领域，美国农业实力强劲，农产品大量 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent increase in tariffs on imported steel and aluminum products by the United States is deemed "unfair," "lacking legal basis," and "unsustainable" by the Mexican government, which plans to assess and implement countermeasures to protect its steel and aluminum industry [1][2]. Group 1: Tariff Impact - The U.S. has raised tariffs on steel and aluminum products from 25% to 50% for all trade partners except the UK, citing "national security threats" and the need to enhance domestic steel and aluminum industry competitiveness [2]. - The increase in tariffs is expected to severely impact Mexico's steel and aluminum industry, particularly due to the high dependency of cross-border supply chains on these materials [2]. Group 2: Trade Relations - Mexico is a net importer of steel and aluminum from the U.S., with a trade surplus of $6.897 billion in steel and aluminum products for the U.S. in 2024 [1]. - The Mexican government argues that the U.S. action is inconsistent with the USMCA (United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement), as the U.S. claims of national security do not hold up against the backdrop of good cooperation between the two countries [1]. Group 3: Future Actions - If negotiations between Mexico and the U.S. regarding the steel and aluminum tariffs do not yield results, Mexico plans to announce countermeasures the following week to protect its steel and aluminum industry and related employment [2].

Core Viewpoint - The completion of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0 negotiations is a significant step towards enhancing regional economic cooperation and countering unilateralism and protectionism in global trade [2][6]. Group 1: Strategic Significance - The upgrade of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0 serves as a strong counteraction to rising unilateralism and protectionism, particularly in light of the U.S. government's trade policies [2]. - China and ASEAN have been each other's largest trading partners for several consecutive years, with bilateral trade reaching 1.71 trillion yuan in the first quarter of this year, a year-on-year increase of 7.1%, accounting for 16.6% of China's foreign trade [2]. Group 2: Trade and Emerging Fields - The 3.0 version establishes a dual-driven mechanism of "industrial complementarity + mutual recognition of rules," facilitating cooperation in sectors like the electronic information industry [2]. - It is projected that by 2024, intermediate goods will account for 67% of bilateral trade, with the upgrade expected to enhance supply chain collaboration efficiency by approximately 15% [2]. Group 3: Digital and Green Economy - The cross-border e-commerce transaction volume between China and ASEAN is expected to exceed 1.2 trillion USD by 2026, with service trade in digital payments anticipated to grow by over 25% [3]. - The establishment of a regional green development fund aims to support ASEAN in developing renewable energy projects, with countries like Vietnam and the Philippines targeting a 35% share of renewable energy by 2030 [3]. Group 4: Supply Chain Resilience - The inclusion of a chapter on supply chain connectivity in the 3.0 version aims to ensure the free flow of key products and services, enhancing infrastructure connectivity to address supply chain disruptions [4]. Group 5: Challenges and Cooperation Deepening - Potential challenges include U.S. pressure and significant developmental disparities within ASEAN. A "classified docking" strategy is suggested to enhance cooperation based on the specific needs of different ASEAN countries [5]. - The global economic recovery remains weak, necessitating the exploration of trade potential through cross-border e-commerce and initiatives like "cross-border consumption vouchers" to stimulate regional circulation [5]. Group 6: Global Trade Cooperation Insights - The China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0 model offers an Asian paradigm for global governance reform, demonstrating the feasibility of multilateralism through consensus and gradual openness [6]. - This model emphasizes economic complementarity rather than exclusivity, aligning with ASEAN's central role and China's collaborative vision, potentially serving as a new driving force for global economic governance [6].

Core Viewpoint - India's recent proposal to impose retaliatory tariffs on certain US goods marks a significant shift in its trade strategy, moving from a passive approach to an active defense of its economic interests in response to US tariffs on Indian steel and aluminum products [1][2][3] Summary by Relevant Sections Trade Tensions and Background - Since 2018, the US has imposed tariffs of 25% on steel and 10% on aluminum imports under the guise of "safeguard measures," which have directly impacted approximately $7.6 billion worth of Indian exports to the US, leading to an estimated tariff revenue of $1.91 billion for the US [1][2] - India's steel industry, particularly companies like Jindal Stainless in Odisha, has been significantly affected, as they rely heavily on exports to the US to maintain production capacity [1] Shift in India's Trade Strategy - Initially, India adopted a conciliatory approach, focusing on bilateral trade agreement negotiations, even reducing import tariffs on around 8,500 industrial products, including sensitive US goods [2] - However, as US tariffs escalated and procedural deficiencies in the US's actions were identified, India shifted to a more assertive stance, emphasizing the need for "substantive equivalence" in trade adjustments [2][3] Strategic Implications - India's actions at the WTO reflect a broader transition from passive adaptation to proactive utilization of international trade rules to safeguard its rights [3][4] - The country's economic growth and enhanced international standing, particularly as the G20 rotating president, have empowered it to assert its interests more vigorously [4][5] Global Trade Dynamics - India's proposal for retaliatory tariffs serves as a case study for resolving global trade disputes within the framework of multilateral rules, contrasting with the unilateral approaches often seen [5][6] - The situation underscores the necessity for the US to respect multilateral trade rules and engage in dialogue rather than relying solely on tariffs [5][6] Long-term Perspective - India's actions may signify a broader adjustment in global trade dynamics, where emerging economies increasingly influence international economic rules, promoting a more inclusive and balanced trade environment [6]

Core Viewpoint - The cultivation of global vision and economic insight among university students is increasingly important in the context of current international economic conditions, particularly trade wars [1][2][3] Group 1: Trade War and Economic Globalization - The trade war initiated by the U.S. aims to disrupt the existing international economic order and serves U.S. hegemonic interests, violating multilateral trade systems and World Trade Organization rules [3][4][5] - The U.S. government's imposition of tariffs is seen as a unilateral protectionist measure that undermines global economic stability and impacts supply chains [5][6][12] - The trade war is a reflection of the U.S.'s internal economic challenges and its attempt to shift some economic burdens onto other countries [9][13] Group 2: Educational Approach in Ideological and Political Courses - Ideological and political courses should clarify the basic facts of the trade war and engage students in analyzing its causes and long-term implications [4][8] - The integration of economic topics into ideological education is essential for helping students understand global dynamics and trends [6][7] - Teaching should include real-life examples and case studies to illustrate the impact of globalization and trade wars on local businesses and the economy [7][10] Group 3: Youth Engagement and Responsibility - It is crucial to instill a sense of mission and responsibility in youth, encouraging them to contribute to technological innovation and economic transformation in the face of trade challenges [9][14] - Students should be guided to connect their personal aspirations with national needs, particularly in the context of economic development and global cooperation [12][14] - The importance of critical thinking and independent analysis is emphasized to help students navigate complex international issues and avoid misinformation [8][11]

2025.04. 29 本文字数：479，阅读时长大约1分钟 据央视新闻，当地时间4月28日，外交部长王毅在里约热内卢出席金砖国家外长会晤时就坚持多边主义、维护 多边贸易规则阐明中方立场。 王毅说，多边主义是二战后国际秩序的基石，团结合作是国际社会的最大公约数，然而个别国家对世界的认知 却发生了严重偏差。美国大搞单边主义、本国优先，将自身利益凌驾于国际公利之上。现行国际体系支撑着世 界的稳定与繁荣，美国作为这个体系的最大受益者却正在走向它的反面。人们看到，弱肉强食的丛林法则公然 登场，胁迫和霸凌不再需要伪装，国际关系的发展基础受到持续威胁。 王毅强调，维护多边贸易规则是当前最紧迫的课题。贸易的本质是优势互补、互利共赢，不是谁吃亏、谁占便 宜的算计，更不能成为实现一己私利的工具。美国长期从自由贸易中大量获益，现在竟拿着关税当筹码向各国 漫天要价。如果选择默不作声、妥协退缩，只会让霸凌者得寸进尺。金砖国家应共同反对一切形式的保护主 义，坚决维护以规则为基础、以世界贸易组织为核心的多边贸易体制，维护其核心价值和基本原则，促进贸易 的自由化、便利化。 微信编辑 | 龙王 推荐阅读 多地宣布发钱奖励结婚！ ● . C ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of maintaining multilateral trade rules and opposing protectionism, as articulated by China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi during the BRICS Foreign Ministers' meeting in Rio de Janeiro [1] Group 1: Multilateral Trade - Wang Yi highlighted that maintaining multilateral trade rules is the most urgent issue currently facing the global economy [1] - The essence of trade is described as complementing advantages and achieving mutual benefits, rather than being a zero-sum game [1] - The article criticizes the United States for leveraging tariffs as a bargaining chip against other countries, undermining the principles of free trade [1] Group 2: Opposition to Protectionism - The BRICS countries are called upon to collectively oppose all forms of protectionism [1] - There is a strong emphasis on upholding a rules-based multilateral trading system, with the World Trade Organization (WTO) at its core [1] - The article stresses the need to protect the core values and fundamental principles of the multilateral trade system to promote trade liberalization and facilitation [1]