来源：天勇谈经济 周天勇 一、生产分工与协作的永恒性：市场作为协调器不可缺席 AI时代，生产的复杂性与专业化程度非但不会降低，反而会因技术的精细化而空前加深。从芯片设 计、算法研发到数据标注、硬件制造，再到应用于千行百业的解决方案，产业链条将更长，节点将更 多，跨界融合将更频繁。这种高度发达的分工网络，需要一个能够高效协调无数分散决策的机制。 市场机制的核心功能之一，正是通过价格信号，自发地、无时无刻地协调着全球数以亿计生产者和消费 者的行动。每个企业根据价格信号决定生产什么、生产多少；每个消费者根据价格信号和自身偏好决定 购买什么、购买多少。这个过程无需一个中央机关来指挥，却能在动态中形成秩序。AI可以优化企业 内部的运营（如精益生产、智能仓储），可以提升平台匹配的效率，但它无法替代由无数自主个体通过 价格互动所形成的、对分散知识的利用过程。正如哈耶克所言，社会经济问题主要是"如何利用知识的 问题"，而市场正是利用分散的、默会的局部知识的最佳制度。AI本身不创造新的协调逻辑，它只是嵌 入在市场这一更基础的协调框架中，提升其运行效率的工具。只要分工存在，对分散知识的协调需求就 存在，市场作为"看不见的手"的核 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of enhancing farmers' motivation in grain production to ensure national food security, highlighting the role of market mechanisms, price stability, and digital empowerment in achieving this goal [1][6]. Group 1: Market Mechanisms and Price Stability - The continuous optimization of the price formation mechanism is fundamental to stimulating farmers' willingness to plant grains, with a stable grain price being a prerequisite for farmers to engage in production [2]. - The minimum purchase price for wheat in 2025 is set at 119 yuan per 50 kg, reflecting a year-on-year increase, which signals predictable returns for farmers and encourages them to optimize their planting decisions [2][3]. - A scientific and fair pricing system can convert farmers' efforts into tangible income, thereby reinforcing the foundation for stable grain production [2]. Group 2: Efficient Market Circulation - The improvement of the grain circulation system is crucial for enhancing farmers' income and expanding agricultural development space, ensuring that grain is not only produced well but also sold effectively [3]. - The launch of the first multimodal transport "single document" train for grain in 2025 reduced transportation time from 18 days to 13 days, significantly improving efficiency [3]. - A smooth circulation system facilitates the integration of small farmers into larger markets, creating a virtuous cycle of quality production, efficient circulation, and increased income [3]. Group 3: Supply and Demand Regulation - Effective regulation of supply and demand is essential for guiding farmers' decisions and maintaining market stability, which directly impacts their interests [4]. - A clear and stable supply-demand structure aids farmers in making informed decisions regarding land use and investment [4]. - The establishment of a "surplus grain storage and deficit grain release" model helps stabilize market fluctuations and provides farmers with confidence in their planting decisions [4]. Group 4: Digital Empowerment in Agriculture - Digitalization is becoming a key driver of modern agricultural development, transforming production methods and market participation for farmers [5]. - The growth of live-streaming and e-commerce has opened new market opportunities for farmers, with the national agricultural live-streaming e-commerce transaction scale exceeding 3.1 trillion yuan in the first half of 2025, a 28% year-on-year increase [5]. - The integration of digital technology with market mechanisms is creating a sustainable agricultural ecosystem, providing farmers with stable income and broader prospects [5]. Group 5: Local Initiatives and Community Support - In Sichuan, local initiatives such as live-streaming e-commerce are helping farmers increase their income, with some farmers reporting an average income increase of 2,000 yuan per mu from live-streaming activities [7][8]. - The establishment of clear pricing mechanisms and direct sales models in communities is reducing costs and increasing profits for farmers [8]. - The integration of community support in e-commerce initiatives is fostering rural economic development and ensuring that benefits are shared among local residents [8]. Group 6: Agricultural Socialization and Modernization - The establishment of an agricultural socialization service system is enhancing the connection between small farmers and modern agricultural practices, promoting efficiency and productivity [12][13]. - The dual-track operation model combining public service and market value-added services is being implemented to support farmers effectively [12]. - The focus on technology and standardized management is leading to significant increases in crop yields and overall agricultural productivity [12][13].

Core Insights - The core argument emphasizes the importance of farmers' enthusiasm for grain production, which directly impacts national food security and the livelihoods of over 1.4 billion people. In 2024, China's total grain output is expected to exceed 1.4 trillion jin, supported by robust national policies and effective market mechanisms [1] Group 1: Price Mechanism - Continuous optimization of the price formation mechanism is fundamental to stimulating farmers' willingness to plant grains and is essential for the healthy operation of market mechanisms. A reasonable and stable grain price mechanism is a prerequisite for farmers to "dare to plant, want to plant, and can plant" [2] - The minimum purchase price for third-grade wheat in 2025 is set at 119 yuan per 50 kilograms, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 1 fen, marking five consecutive years of price increases. This stable adjustment signals predictable returns, guiding farmers in their investment and output decisions [2] Group 2: Market Circulation - The continuous improvement of the market circulation system is crucial for enhancing farmers' income from grain production and expanding agricultural development space. Efficient circulation ensures that grain is not only produced well but also sold effectively [3] - The launch of the first national multimodal transport "single document" train for grain in 2025 reduced transportation time from 18 days to 13 days, significantly improving grain transport efficiency [3] Group 3: Supply and Demand Regulation - Effective regulation of supply and demand is vital for guiding farmers' decision-making and is an intrinsic support for stimulating sustained grain production motivation. A clear and stable supply-demand structure aids farmers in making informed judgments regarding land use, capital investment, and labor allocation [4] - The establishment of a "surplus grain storage and deficit grain release" adjustment model has been gradually formed, which helps stabilize production and sales fluctuations [4] Group 4: Digital Empowerment - Digitalization is becoming a key driver of modern agricultural development, fundamentally changing farmers' production methods and market participation. Farmers can access real-time market information, accurately meet consumer demands, and enhance sales efficiency [5] - In the first half of 2025, the national live-streaming e-commerce transaction scale for agricultural products surpassed 3.1 trillion yuan, representing a year-on-year growth of 28% [5] Group 5: Future Outlook - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China's agriculture has progressed steadily, with market mechanisms improving and farmers' enthusiasm increasing, significantly enhancing national food security capabilities. Moving into the "15th Five-Year Plan," there is a need to further leverage market mechanisms to optimize price formation, stabilize farmers' income expectations, and enhance circulation efficiency [6]

Core Insights - Jiangsu Electric Power Company has significantly increased its green electricity trading, with a year-on-year doubling of inter-provincial green electricity purchases, totaling 180 billion kilowatt-hours, ranking first in East China [1] - The green certificate trading reached 2 million, placing Jiangsu among the top in the State Grid, with a green electricity environmental premium of 1-2 cents per kilowatt-hour, notably higher than the national average [1] - The establishment of a new power system is being driven by market mechanisms, which are crucial for efficient resource allocation and industry growth [1] Market Mechanism Importance - The market mechanism is essential for guiding diverse participants in system optimization, releasing time and space price signals, and providing precise guidance for investment and consumption [1] - In Jiangsu, inter-provincial market purchases account for 26.6%, with over 140,000 medium- and long-term market users, resulting in cost savings of 23.6 billion [1] Progress in Market Development - Jiangsu's electricity spot market has undergone seven trial settlements, showing good initial results and continuous improvement [2] - Future efforts should focus on clarifying the functional positioning of various markets and enhancing resource allocation efficiency through integrated design [2] Capacity Market and System Support - The capacity market is identified as a key element in supporting the new power system, with recommendations for a capacity compensation mechanism to guide resource investment and promote cost recovery for energy storage [2] - Establishing a three-dimensional value system encompassing energy, safety, and green aspects is crucial for internalizing external costs [2] Future Directions - Jiangsu aims to lead national market construction by exploring new high-quality development paths for the new power system under the guidance of market mechanisms [2] - Continued reforms and improvements in market mechanisms are expected to contribute significantly to the construction of the new power system and elevate the electricity sector in China [2]

Core Viewpoint - The key to the pharmaceutical industry's leap lies in improving market mechanisms, as highlighted by the comparison with successful companies like Huawei and BYD [2]. Group 1: Market Mechanism and International Comparison - The U.S. has successfully attracted significant investments from major pharmaceutical companies by establishing price benchmarks and tariff threats, leading to 60% of their profits coming from the U.S. market [2]. - In contrast, Europe’s social welfare policies have led to a "decentralization" of the pharmaceutical industry, with major companies like Roche and Novartis choosing to launch new drugs in the U.S. due to its larger and more attractive market [2][3]. - China's per capita spending on innovative drugs is significantly lower than that of Japan, with Japan's per capita spending being 24.4 times higher despite having a GDP 3.9 times that of China [3]. Group 2: Challenges in China's Pharmaceutical Industry - China excels in the invention and transformation stages of the pharmaceutical chain but struggles in the commercialization phase, often acting merely as a "project provider" [4]. - The current pricing negotiation process for innovative drugs in China begins with price reductions, unlike the U.S., where there is a stable pricing period post-launch [3]. Group 3: Recommendations for Improvement - The first recommendation is to reform the approval and evaluation mechanisms for innovative drug reimbursement, suggesting a direct connection between drug approval and insurance coverage [5]. - A proposed solution includes allowing innovative drugs to enter the insurance system at the price of similar existing drugs, with subsequent evaluations based on real-world data to adjust reimbursement prices accordingly [6]. - The second recommendation emphasizes the development of commercial health insurance, which could potentially raise significant funds if the middle class participates [6][7]. Group 4: Financial Implications and Social Equity - If 350 million middle-class individuals in China each spend 800 yuan monthly on commercial insurance, it could generate over 3.4 trillion yuan annually, surpassing current health insurance funding [7]. - Concerns about commercial insurance benefiting only the wealthy are addressed by comparing it to private cars versus public transport, suggesting that it could enhance basic medical coverage for those in greater need [7]. - Achieving reimbursement levels similar to Japan could position the pharmaceutical industry as a true economic pillar, allowing companies to contribute more in taxes and better support public welfare [7].

Core Viewpoint - The "one yuan theater" phenomenon has gained popularity in various regions of China, providing affordable cultural performances to the public, which helps to enhance the perception of cultural products' value and stimulate grassroots performance markets [1] Group 1: Cultural Service Insights - The "one yuan theater" initiative is categorized under public cultural services, symbolically charging one yuan to encourage community engagement in cultural activities [1] - This model aims to attract more social forces to participate in public cultural services, thereby enriching the cultural landscape [1] Group 2: Government and Market Mechanism - The initiative suggests that while the government plays a central role, it should not monopolize cultural services; instead, introducing market mechanisms can better meet the diverse and multi-layered cultural needs of the public [1] - The project emphasizes the importance of high-quality cultural services accessible to a broader audience, promoting cultural inclusivity [1]

Core Viewpoint - The European Council has voted to extend the current requirements for EU member states to maintain sufficient natural gas reserves before winter by an additional two years, aiming to mitigate the risks of price volatility due to the Russia-Ukraine conflict while balancing energy security and market recovery [1] Group 1 - The proposal was passed on the 18th of the local time [1] - The extension of natural gas storage requirements is a response to the ongoing geopolitical tensions affecting energy prices [1] - The initiative reflects the EU's commitment to ensuring energy security amidst market fluctuations [1]