现年62岁的李曙光，是中国政法大学钱端升讲座教授、法与经济学研究院原院长，曾长期担任该校研究生院院长。 作为一个学者，他参与起草或修订了企业破产法、反垄断法、证券法、国有资产法、合伙企业法、期货法、证券投资基金法、存款保险条例乃至民营经 济促进法等。 40年间，李曙光用力最勤的便是破产法。 他从1986年就开始参与破产法立法。在2006年的企业破产法立法以及2025年的修法中，他都是起草小组的核心专家之一。 "没有劣汰，就不会有优胜，这是市场经济的规律。" 李曙光说，起草2006年的破产法时，专家们经常争论。"吵得 一塌糊涂，都要拍桌子的。拍吧，你拍我也拍！" 作者： 刘晓诺 封图：受访者供图 编者按：2025年，经济观察报以"我们的四分之一世纪"为年终特刊主题，旨在通过数十位时代亲历者的故事，共绘一幅属于这段岁月的集体记忆图 谱。 "我的人生是幸运的，因为我一直在中国改革跳动的脉搏中，推动市场经济发展。" 李曙光笑眯眯地说。他的下巴微微扬起。 他曾打比方道，一个路口如果只有绿灯和黄灯、但没有红灯，就很危险了。破产法正是这个红灯，它能淘汰掉经营失败的公司，更能打击坑蒙拐骗、假 冒伪劣的皮包公司和骗子公司，允许 ...

（原标题：破产法学者李曙光：在改革的脉搏中｜我们的四分之一世纪） 编者按：2025年，经济观察报以"我们的四分之一世纪"为年终特刊主题，旨在通过数十位时代亲历者的 故事，共绘一幅属于这段岁月的集体记忆图谱。 0:00 "我的人生是幸运的，因为我一直在中国改革跳动的脉搏中，推动市场经济发展。" 李曙光笑眯眯地说。他的下巴微微扬起。 现年62岁的李曙光，是中国政法大学钱端升讲座教授、法与经济学研究院原院长，曾长期担任该校研究 生院院长。 作为一个学者，他参与起草或修订了企业破产法、反垄断法、证券法、国有资产法、合伙企业法、期货 法、证券投资基金法、存款保险条例乃至民营经济促进法等。 40年间，李曙光用力最勤的便是破产法。 他从1986年就开始参与破产法立法。在2006年的企业破产法立法以及2025年的修法中，他都是起草小组 的核心专家之一。 "没有劣汰，就不会有优胜，这是市场经济的规律。" 他曾打比方道，一个路口如果只有绿灯和黄灯、但没有红灯，就很危险了。破产法正是这个红灯，它能 淘汰掉经营失败的公司，更能打击坑蒙拐骗、假冒伪劣的皮包公司和骗子公司，允许优质的市场主体进 行平等竞争。同时，在企业真正出现风险的时候 ...

2025.12. 23 "免申即享"传递出的政策信号就是，监管执法部门承担信用修复的执法成本，无需个体申请，不收 取任何费用，这将极大降低经济社会的整体交易成本。人们也不再担心做了一次失信人，就被烙上一 个社会边缘人的终身印记，也不必担心因失信人回归成本过高而望而却步。 本文字数：1800，阅读时长大约3分钟 作者 | 第一财经 一财评论员 个人信用重塑，正式进入实践阶段。 根据近日央行发布的《中国人民银行关于实施一次性信用修复政策有关安排的通知》（下称"通 知"），在2020年1月1日至2025年12月31日期间发生、单笔逾期金额在1万元以下的个人信贷逾期 记录，只要在2026年3月31日前足额还清欠款，征信系统将自动移除相关记录，全程无需申请，同 时该过程不收取任何费用。 早在今年10月27日，央行行长潘功胜就已公开阐述了相关政策方向，此次通知的印发，意味着该政 策进入具体落地阶段，将于2026年1月1日起正式施行。 市场经济是信用经济，个人信用修复意味着个人的"市场重生"，这是发展市场经济必需的基础性政 策，在当前经济转型升级和经济社会重塑的尖峰时刻，其重要性再怎么强调都不为过。 通知最具典范意义的，是 ...

Core Viewpoint - The removal of bad credit records is a starting point for individuals who have previously defaulted to reintegrate into society, marking a significant step in personal credit restoration through policy implementation [1] Group 1: Policy Implementation - The People's Bank of China has announced a credit repair policy that allows for the automatic removal of personal credit overdue records for amounts under 10,000 yuan, provided the debts are settled by March 31, 2026 [1] - This policy will officially take effect on January 1, 2026, following the announcement made by the central bank governor on October 27, 2023 [1] Group 2: Execution Mechanism - The policy emphasizes an "automatic enjoyment" approach, indicating a shift in enforcement philosophy where the burden of enforcement costs is shared, minimizing overall economic and social costs [2] - The new mechanism aims to reduce transaction costs in the economy and alleviate the stigma associated with being labeled a defaulter, allowing individuals to reintegrate without fear of lifelong repercussions [2] Group 3: Market Dynamics - Effective credit restoration requires not only the removal of records but also the acceptance of individuals by the market, necessitating a transformation of credit repair into a market-acceptable risk pricing [3] - The policy opens the door for personal credit repair, but the market must actively engage in risk pricing to ensure that the policy's constraints align with market dynamics [4] Group 4: Future Considerations - The credit repair notification is seen as a small but correct step towards broader market credit restoration, which will require a comprehensive approach including the introduction of personal bankruptcy laws [5] - The essence of credit restoration lies in helping individuals regain their footing in the market, emphasizing that the credit system should facilitate reintegration rather than merely label individuals [5]

李乔 为经济史立传，是司马迁的一个创举。《史记》中有《货殖列传》，《货殖列传》的序言是纲领性的， 司马迁笔下的"市场经济"的主要论点，就体现在这篇序言中。兹举大端胪列之。 一，司马迁认为，当社会经济发展到一定高度，不可能再走回头路。他说，老子讲的"至治之极，邻国 相望，鸡狗之声相闻，民各甘其食，美其服，安其俗，乐其业，至老死不相往来"，是往古的事，到了 晚近，再想恢复，"则几无行矣"——是行不通的。 二，司马迁认为，人民对美好生活的追求，是拦不住的。他说："虞、夏以来，耳目欲极声色之好，口 欲穷刍豢之味，身安逸乐而心夸矜势能之荣。使俗之渐民久矣，虽户说以眇论，终不能化。"人民就是 要享受衣食住行、娱乐声色的好生活，再"高妙"的理论，都无法改变这个追求。 四，司马迁认为，追求富裕是天经地义的，国家需要富裕，家庭也需要富裕，哪里能致富，人就去哪 里。他说农、工、商、虞这四种人的生产，是人民赖以穿衣吃饭的来源，来源大了，对上可以使国家富 裕，对下可以使家庭富裕。他又举例，姜太公封在营丘，土地都是盐碱地，不利于耕种，姜太公便鼓励 妇女纺线织布，推动本地的鱼、盐流通至外地，结果老百姓背着孩子不断到那里归聚。齐国产的冠带 ...

Core Viewpoint - The essence of market economy is the optimal mechanism for resource allocation in human society, characterized by decentralized decision-making and price signals, which has proven to be the most suitable economic system for humanity over centuries [1][12]. Group 1: Characteristics of Market Economy - Market economy is not merely about commodity exchange or free competition; it is fundamentally a system that combines individual autonomous decision-making with market coordination mechanisms [3]. - Individual autonomy in decision-making allows consumers to choose products based on their needs, businesses to produce based on profit motives, and workers to select careers based on skills and preferences [4]. - Price signals act as a guiding mechanism for resource allocation, where rising prices indicate increased demand, prompting businesses to boost production, while falling prices signal oversupply, leading to strategic adjustments [4][6]. Group 2: Advantages of Market Economy - Market economy demonstrates significant efficiency advantages over planned economies, as it utilizes real-time price signals to allocate resources effectively, avoiding the waste associated with information asymmetry and delayed decision-making [7]. - The resilience of market economies allows for quick adjustments in response to technological changes, natural disasters, or shifts in international conditions, enabling businesses and workers to adapt flexibly [7]. - The profit and wage incentives in market economies align individual interests with societal benefits, fostering innovation and skill enhancement among workers, which is more effective than directive-driven systems [7]. Group 3: Historical Context and Validation - Historical examples, such as the industrialization in Britain and the rise of the U.S. as an economic superpower, validate the vitality of market economies, demonstrating their effectiveness in driving economic growth [9]. - The introduction of market economy principles in various countries, including China, has led to significant economic advancements, reinforcing the notion that market economies are the most suitable model for human economic systems [9]. Group 4: Challenges and Critiques - Despite its advantages, market economy faces challenges such as market failures, monopolies, externalities, and income inequality, necessitating some level of administrative intervention to complement rather than replace market functions [9][10]. - The issue of income inequality remains a significant critique of market economies, as disparities can lead to social discontent, despite overall improvements in living standards and wealth generation [9][10].

以下文章来源于中欧商业评论 ，作者维舟 中欧商业评论 . 中欧商业评论创办于2008年，隶属中欧出版集团，是一家深耕主流商业可持续发展，陪伴大型企业经营 管理者长期进步的专业内容服务厂牌。 来源丨中欧商业评论（ID： ceibs-cbr ） 作者丨 维舟 图源丨Midjourney 多少年来，国内许多省份都是省会"一城独大"的格局，不断做大做强省会，但物极必反，现在一种相 反的声音也越来越响：偌大一省只有"一个中心"是不行的，还得有"多个支点"。 不久前，国务院发布《关于推动城市高质量发展的意见》，以红头文件形式明确提到"推动有条件的 省份培育发展省域副中心城市"。最早的信号可能是2020年《求是》杂志在《国家中长期经济社会发 展战略若干重大问题》一文中提到的，"中西部有条件的省区，要有意识地培育多个中心城市，避 免'一市独大'的弊端"；《2022年新型城镇化和城乡融合发展重点任务》也专门提到，有必要严控省 会城市规模扩张；去年，"新时代推动西部大开发"座谈会上，提出的建议之一，就是"发展壮大一批 省域副中心城市"。 在那之后，各省都开始注重培育1-3个省域副中心城市，目前已有15个省区确立 了20多个"副中 ...

荣根进一步解释道，市场经济就像一台搜索引擎，在这个体系中，人们会不断寻找新方向、验证新可 能，没人能预判未来五到十年哪些产业会成为主流。"大约五到八年前我来（读懂）时，还没有人在谈 论人工智能，连'AI'这个词都无人提及，如今却成了热门议题。"他以实例佐证了市场探索的不确定性 与潜力。 谈及欧中合作的核心驱动力，彼得·荣根强调，这一切根植于市场经济体系，合作的主导者应是企业而 非政府。"欧洲国家的企业，尤其是德国等工业化国家的企业，与中国企业一直保持着紧密联系，我相 信双方企业会继续推进这样的发展与合作。" 他认为这也将是对中国的一次检验，如今中国正更多地涉 足新领域，但企业间的持续合作将是关键。"荣根总结道。 （原标题：德国彼得·荣根：中国正在向"新"发展｜全球财经连线） 南方财经 21世纪经济报道记者杨雨莱 广州报道 "读懂中国"国际会议期间，德国荣根财团总裁彼得·荣根（Peter Jungen）在接受南方财经记者采访时表 示，如今中国正迈向新的发展阶段，而对"新"的探索将检验一个体系能否成功激发经济活力、创造发展 动能。 ...

Core Insights - The third set of Renminbi (RMB) is a significant artifact in China's monetary history, reflecting the economic changes of the mid-20th century and serving as a medium of exchange and a historical record [1][2] Historical Background - The third set of RMB was issued on April 20, 1962, and remained in circulation for 38 years until July 1, 2000, making it the longest-circulating RMB set [2] - It was introduced during a period of economic adjustment, aimed at stabilizing the financial order and supporting economic development [2] - The design and issuance of the third set reflect the spirit of self-reliance and hard work, showcasing China's industrial achievements and collective ideals [2] Composition of the Collection - The "Third Set of RMB Collection Album" features a comprehensive collection of major banknotes and coins, emphasizing a complete collection system of "paper money + coins" [5] Paper Money Section - The 10 yuan note symbolizes political ideals with its imagery of the People's Congress, while the 5 yuan note represents industrial enthusiasm through the depiction of steelworkers [5][8] - The 2 yuan note features a lathe worker, reflecting mechanical industry development, and the 1 yuan note highlights agricultural mechanization with the image of a female tractor driver [8] - The 5角 note showcases textile workers, emphasizing the importance of light industry [8] - The 2角 note symbolizes infrastructure achievements with the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, and the 1角 note is notable for its various rare editions [11] - The fractional notes (5分, 2分, 1分) are categorized into "long-number" and "no-number" types, with the former being particularly valuable due to limited circulation [11] Coin Section - The collection includes hard coins issued from the 1950s to the 1990s, made from aluminum-magnesium alloy, featuring simple designs with the national emblem [11] Collectible Value - The collection's value is driven by its historical significance, artistic value, and market scarcity [14] - Each banknote and coin serves as a historical artifact, encapsulating specific societal memories and achievements [14] - The artistic design merges political and aesthetic elements, showcasing significant industrial and agricultural imagery [14] - Market scarcity has led to high prices for well-preserved sets, with some rare items exceeding 500,000 yuan in value [17][18] Cultural Significance - The collection transcends mere collectibles, acting as a narrative of contemporary Chinese history [18][21] - It reflects the value orientations and aesthetic tastes of mid-20th century China, showcasing labor and national identity [21] - The collection serves as primary data for analyzing monetary circulation, price levels, and industrial structure during the planned economy era [21] - It has fostered a culture of collecting and appreciation for currency as a historical and artistic medium, shifting from curiosity-driven to research-oriented collecting [21]

Core Viewpoint - The company criticizes the Dutch government's decision to freeze global operations of Nexperia on the grounds of "national security," labeling it as an excessive intervention based on geopolitical bias rather than factual risk assessment [1] Group 1: Company Performance - The company asserts that after completing the 100% acquisition of Nexperia, it has significantly improved the operational quality of Nexperia, surpassing historical levels in financial performance, technological asset accumulation, operational resilience, and market position [1] Group 2: Regulatory Environment - The company argues that the Dutch government's actions violate the principles of market economy, fair competition, and international trade rules consistently advocated by the European Union [1] Group 3: Response to Discrimination - The company expresses strong protest against the discriminatory treatment of Chinese enterprises by the Dutch government [1]