理财破净率
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机构行为观察周报:中长期债基久期上升,机构杠杆率多数上行-20251122
Shenwan Hongyuan Securities· 2025-11-22 11:32
Group 1 - The duration of medium to long-term pure bond funds has increased, while short-term bond funds have decreased. The median duration of all medium to long-term pure bond funds reached 2.58 years, up 0.08 years week-on-week, placing it at the 80.40th percentile over the past three years [1][9][18] - The median duration of short-term pure bond funds decreased to 0.95 years, down 0.02 years week-on-week, which is at the 83.50th percentile over the past three years [1][9][18] - The median duration of medium to long-term interest rate bond funds reached 3.69 years, up 0.12 years week-on-week, at the 84.50th percentile, while the standard deviation increased to 2.72, at the 97.10th percentile [1][9][18] Group 2 - The turnover rate of interest rate bonds has decreased, while the turnover rate of credit bonds has increased. The turnover rate of 10-year and above government bonds decreased to 1.92%, at the 49.6th percentile over the past three years [1][9][18] - The turnover rate of 5-7 year medium-term notes increased to 1.23%, at the 28.7th percentile [1][9][18] - Local government bonds in Qingdao, Jiangxi, and Jiangsu have high turnover rates, with valuation spreads of 13.81 bps, 10.93 bps, and 11.36 bps respectively [1][9][18] Group 3 - The leverage ratio in the interbank bond market increased by 0.12 percentage points to 107.17%. The leverage ratio for insurance companies rose by 0.12 percentage points to 128.87%, while the leverage ratio for banks increased by 0.03 percentage points to 102.66% [1][9][18] - The leverage ratio for securities companies decreased by 0.94 percentage points to 224.13%, and the leverage ratio for broad-based funds increased by 0.42 percentage points to 111.89% [1][9][18] Group 4 - The total scale of wealth management products in the market increased by 30.25 billion yuan week-on-week, consistent with seasonal levels, while the net value of wealth management products remained stable at 0.73% [1][9][18] - The scale of fixed-income wealth management products saw significant growth, while other investment types experienced slight changes [1][9][18] - The performance comparison benchmarks for wealth management products showed a decline for those with a duration of one month or less and one to three years, while others remained stable or increased [1][9][18]
机构行为观察周报:纯债基金久期上升,理财破净率下行-20251115
Shenwan Hongyuan Securities· 2025-11-15 15:26
Group 1 - The duration of pure bond funds has increased, with the median duration of all medium to long-term pure bond funds reaching 2.50 years, up 0.05 years week-on-week, placing it at the 77.90% percentile over the past three years [4][11][12] - The median duration of short-term pure bond funds has also risen to 0.97 years, an increase of 0.02 years week-on-week, which is at the 87.60% percentile over the past three years [4][11][12] Group 2 - The turnover rate of various bond types has mostly declined, indicating a decrease in market trading activity. For instance, the turnover rate of 10-year and above government bonds decreased by 0.21 percentage points to 2.12% [4][20][25] - The turnover rates for local government bonds in Jiangxi, Guangdong, and Chongqing are relatively high, with valuation spreads of 13.07 bps, 11.65 bps, and 13.93 bps respectively [4][20][29] Group 3 - The leverage ratio in the interbank bond market has decreased by 0.23 percentage points to 106.97%, while the leverage ratio for insurance companies has increased by 0.76 percentage points to 128.31% [4][30][36] - The leverage ratio for banks has decreased by 0.05 percentage points to 102.60%, and for securities companies, it has increased by 0.60 percentage points to 236.13% [4][30][36] Group 4 - The total scale of wealth management products in the market increased by 660.54 billion, consistent with seasonal trends, and the net value break-even rate has slightly decreased [4][37][41] - The increase in wealth management products was particularly significant for fixed-income products, while other investment types showed minor changes [4][41][43]
三季度部分理财公司产品破净率大幅攀升
2 1 Shi Ji Jing Ji Bao Dao· 2025-10-28 08:37
Core Insights - The bond market has experienced volatility this year, with adjustments in the first and third quarters, while the stock market saw a rebound in the third quarter, becoming a favored investment area. [1] - The adjustment in the bond market negatively impacted fixed-income products, leading to an overall net value decline rate of public wealth management products reaching 2.12% by the end of the third quarter, an increase of 1.58 percentage points from the end of the second quarter. [1] - The lowest net value decline rate this year occurred at the end of the second quarter at 0.54%, but it rebounded to 2.12% in September, marking the second-highest point of the year. [1] Group 1: Performance of Wealth Management Products - The highest average return for RMB public fixed-income wealth management products in the first three quarters was from Hangyin Wealth Management at 2.38%, attributed to strong performance in "fixed income+" products. [6] - Ningyin Wealth Management followed with an average return of 2.33%, benefiting from investments in equity assets and ETFs. [6] - Companies with lower average returns included Jianxin Wealth Management, where 95.11% of its RMB public fixed-income products had a net value growth rate below 2%. [6] Group 2: Decline Rates of Wealth Management Companies - The highest net value decline rate among wealth management companies at the end of the third quarter was 16.67% for Huihua Wealth Management, a significant increase from below 3% at the end of the second quarter. [3] - The second and third highest decline rates were from Guangyin Wealth Management and Boyin Wealth Management, respectively, with most of their products being fixed-income. [3] - Only three wealth management companies reported a net value decline rate of 0, a decrease of six companies from the end of the second quarter. [3] Group 3: Risk Control Performance - The average maximum drawdown for RMB public fixed-income products was highest for FaBar Nongyin Wealth Management at 0.53%, followed by Gongyin Wealth Management at 0.51% and Nongyin Wealth Management at 0.44%. [9][12] - Companies with better drawdown control included Huibin Wealth Management, Boyin Wealth Management, and Puyin Wealth Management. [9]
理财季度盘点③丨三季度部分理财公司产品破净率大幅攀升
2 1 Shi Ji Jing Ji Bao Dao· 2025-10-28 08:32
Core Viewpoint - The bond market has experienced fluctuations this year, with adjustments in the first and third quarters, while the stock market saw a rebound in the third quarter, becoming a favored investment area. However, the adjustment in the bond market negatively impacted fixed-income products, leading to an increase in the overall net loss rate of public wealth management products to 2.12% by the end of the third quarter, up 1.58 percentage points from the end of the second quarter [1]. Group 1: Net Loss Rates - The lowest net loss rate for the first three quarters occurred at the end of the second quarter, when the bond market rebounded, resulting in a low of 0.54%. However, following adjustments in the bond market after July, the net loss rate rose to 2.12% in September, marking the second-highest point of the year [2]. - Specific wealth management companies saw significant increases in their net loss rates. At the end of the third quarter, Huihua Wealth Management had the highest net loss rate at 16.67%, a sharp increase from below 3% at the end of the second quarter. Guangyin Wealth Management and Boyin Wealth Management followed in the rankings [4]. Group 2: Performance of Wealth Management Products - In terms of returns, Hangyin Wealth Management led the average return for RMB public fixed-income products in the first three quarters at 2.38%, primarily due to the strong performance of its "fixed income +" products, which included investments in convertible bond ETFs and gold ETFs. Ningyin Wealth Management ranked second with an average return of 2.33%, benefiting from equity asset allocations and indirect investments through ETFs [7]. - Conversely, companies like Jianxin Wealth Management, Zhaoyin Wealth Management, and Nongyin Wealth Management had lower average returns, with 95.11% of Jianxin's RMB public fixed-income products showing a net value growth rate below 2%, and only one product exceeding 3% [7]. Group 3: Risk Control Performance - In terms of risk control, FaBa Nongyin Wealth Management reported the highest average maximum drawdown at 0.53%, followed by Gongyin Wealth Management at 0.51% and Nongyin Wealth Management at 0.44%. Companies like Huayin Wealth Management, Boyin Wealth Management, and Puyin Wealth Management demonstrated better drawdown control [10].
股债“跷跷板”再现,约一成理财产品近一周收益告负
2 1 Shi Ji Jing Ji Bao Dao· 2025-08-19 10:39
Market Overview - The bond market experienced an unexpected correction last week, with an overall balanced and loose funding environment. The weighted average of DR007 on August 15 was 1.48%, and the yield on 10-year government bonds closed at 1.75% [2] - In the stock market, major A-share indices surged, with the ChiNext Index, STAR 50 Index, and Shenzhen Component Index recording weekly gains of 8.58%, 5.53%, and 4.55% respectively. The communication, electronics, and non-bank financial sectors led the gains [2] Product Performance - The number of underperforming products remains low, with 25,210 public wealth management products in existence as of August 17, 2025. Among these, 141 products had a cumulative net value below 1, resulting in a comprehensive break-even rate of 0.56% for bank wealth management [3] - The break-even rates for equity and mixed wealth management products were 35.71% and 4.8% respectively, while fixed income public wealth management products had a break-even rate of 0.28% [3] - Fixed income products with 1-2 year and over 3-year terms had slightly higher break-even rates of 0.71% and 0.57% respectively [3] New Product Issuance - A total of 433 wealth management products were issued by 32 wealth management companies from August 11 to August 15, with joint-stock bank wealth management companies leading in issuance. Everbright Wealth issued 39 products, followed by Xinyin Wealth with 30 and Xinyin Wealth with 29 [4] - The newly issued products were primarily R2 (medium-low risk), closed-end net value type, and fixed income public products, with only 4 mixed products issued, accounting for 1.8%. No new equity or financial derivative products were launched [7] Product Pricing and Strategy - Product pricing saw a decline in most terms, except for 3-6 month and over 3-year products, which experienced a rebound. The pricing for 1-2 year and 2-3 year products fell below 2.80%, while products with a term of less than 1 month dropped below 2% [7] - Notably, Xinyin Wealth launched a fixed income enhancement product with a minimum holding period of 90 days and an innovative investment strategy that combines debt assets with quantitative volatility strategies [9] Yield Performance - Fixed income wealth management yields declined, with an average net value growth rate of 0.0511% over the past week. Mixed and equity products had average net value growth rates of 0.2075% and 1.354% respectively [10] - Among fixed income products, those with over 3-year terms had the highest average net value growth rate of 0.0794%, while products with a term of less than 1 month had the lowest at 0.0363% [10] Industry Trends - The scale of bank wealth management saw an unexpected increase of approximately 2 trillion yuan in July, reaching 32.67 trillion yuan, driven by the maturity of high-interest deposits and the relative attractiveness of wealth management products [16] - The growth in non-bank deposits significantly contributed to the increase in wealth management scale, with cash management and short-term fixed income products being the primary beneficiaries [16] - In August, the wealth management scale is expected to exceed 33 trillion yuan, with an annual target of 33.5 trillion yuan [16] - Last week, 16 new ESG-themed wealth management products were launched, indicating a rapid expansion of thematic wealth management offerings [17]
固收理财近一周收益回暖,两家理财公司试水线下打新
2 1 Shi Ji Jing Ji Bao Dao· 2025-08-13 10:30
Market Overview - The bond market continued to experience fluctuations, with an overall balanced and loose liquidity environment. The weighted average of DR007 on August 8 was 1.425%, and the yield on 10-year government bonds closed at 1.69% [2] - In the stock market, major A-share indices saw gains, with the CSI 1000, Shanghai Composite Index, and CSI 500 increasing by 2.51%, 2.11%, and 1.78% respectively. The defense, non-ferrous metals, and machinery equipment sectors led the weekly gains [2] Product Performance - The number of underperforming products remains low, with 25,003 public wealth management products in existence as of August 10, 2025, of which 179 had a cumulative net value below 1, resulting in a comprehensive underperformance rate of 0.72% for bank wealth management [3] - The underperformance rates for equity and mixed wealth management products were 38.1% and 5.46%, respectively, while fixed income public wealth management products had an underperformance rate of 0.4% [3] - Fixed income products with 1-2 year and over 3-year terms had slightly higher underperformance rates of 0.9% and 1.12%, respectively [3] New Product Issuance - A total of 443 wealth management products were issued by 31 wealth management companies from August 4 to August 8, with joint-stock banks leading in issuance. Xinyin Wealth Management and Huaxia Wealth Management each issued 36 products, while Everbright Wealth Management issued 32 [4] - The newly issued products were primarily R2 (medium-low risk), closed-end net value type, and fixed income public products, with only 8 mixed products issued, accounting for 1.8%, and no new equity products [6] Pricing Trends - Pricing for different term products varied, with 1-2 year and 2-3 year products seeing an increase, particularly the 2-3 year products which rose by 24 basis points to 2.86%. In contrast, products with terms of 1-3 months, 3-6 months, 6-12 months, and over 3 years saw declines, with the latter dropping by 36 basis points to 2.15% [6] Yield Performance - Fixed income wealth management products showed signs of recovery, with an average net value growth rate of 0.0718% over the past week. Mixed and equity products had average net value growth rates of 0.091% and 0.8529%, respectively. The highest average net value growth rate among fixed income products was for those with over 3-year terms at 0.1075% [8] - Cash public wealth management products in RMB, USD, and AUD had annualized yields of 1.364%, 3.91%, and 2.83%, respectively [12] - The proportion of negative yield products decreased, with 5.19% of RMB public wealth management products yielding negative returns over the past week. The negative yield proportions for fixed income, mixed, and equity products were 4.02%, 23.3%, and 33.33%, respectively [12] Industry Trends - Since the opening of offline IPO participation for wealth management subsidiaries in March, only two companies, Everbright Wealth Management and Ningyin Wealth Management, have attempted this, with Ningyin participating more frequently [14] - In the first half of 2025, 36 out of 69 city commercial banks without wealth management subsidiaries saw their asset management business scale decrease by over 10%, indicating ongoing pressure for rectification [15] - Conversely, some city commercial bank wealth management subsidiaries experienced significant growth, with Ningyin Wealth Management's scale exceeding 600 billion RMB, reflecting a growth of over 25% compared to the beginning of the year [16]
周报 | 固收理财近一周收益回暖,两家理财公司试水线下打新
2 1 Shi Ji Jing Ji Bao Dao· 2025-08-13 10:29
Market Overview - The bond market continued to experience fluctuations, with an overall balanced and loose funding environment. The weighted average of DR007 on August 8 was 1.425%, and the yield on 10-year government bonds closed at 1.69% [2] - In the stock market, major A-share indices saw gains, with the CSI 1000 index, Shanghai Composite Index, and CSI 500 index increasing by 2.51%, 2.11%, and 1.78% respectively. The defense, non-ferrous metals, and machinery equipment sectors led the weekly gains [2] Product Performance - The number of underperforming products remains low, with 25,003 public wealth management products in existence as of August 10, 2025, of which 179 had a cumulative net value below 1, resulting in a comprehensive break-even rate of 0.72%. The break-even rates for equity and mixed wealth management products were 38.1% and 5.46%, respectively, while fixed income products had a break-even rate of 0.4% [3] - Fixed income products with 1-2 year and over 3-year terms had slightly higher break-even rates of 0.9% and 1.12%, respectively [3] New Product Issuance - A total of 443 wealth management products were issued by 31 companies from August 4 to August 8, 2025. The leading issuers were Xinyin Wealth Management and Huaxia Wealth Management, each issuing 36 products, followed by Everbright Wealth Management with 32 products [4] - The newly issued products were primarily R2 (medium-low risk), closed-end net value type, and fixed income public products, with only 8 mixed products (1.8% of total) and no new equity products [4] - Pricing varied across different term products, with 2-3 year products seeing a rise of 24 basis points to 2.86%. In contrast, longer-term products (over 3 years) saw a decline of 36 basis points to 2.15% [4] Yield Performance - Fixed income wealth management products showed signs of recovery, with an average net value growth rate of 0.0718% over the past week. Mixed and equity products had average growth rates of 0.091% and 0.8529%, respectively. The highest growth rate among fixed income products was for those with over 3-year terms at 0.1075% [5] - The average annualized yield for cash public wealth management products in RMB, USD, and AUD was 1.364%, 3.91%, and 2.83%, respectively [5] - The proportion of negative yield products decreased, with 5.19% of RMB public wealth management products reporting negative returns over the past week. The negative yield rates for fixed income, mixed, and equity products were 4.02%, 23.3%, and 33.33%, respectively [5] Industry Trends - Since the opening of offline IPO participation for wealth management subsidiaries in March, only two companies, Everbright Wealth Management and Ningyin Wealth Management, have attempted this, with Ningyin being more active [6][7] - In the first half of 2025, 36 out of 69 city commercial banks without wealth management subsidiaries saw their asset management business scale decrease by over 10%, reflecting ongoing regulatory pressure [8] - Conversely, some city commercial bank wealth management subsidiaries experienced significant growth, with Ningyin Wealth Management's scale exceeding 600 billion RMB, marking a growth of over 25% compared to the beginning of the year [9]
6月破净率创新低,权益类平均涨超10%
2 1 Shi Ji Jing Ji Bao Dao· 2025-07-29 06:52
Core Insights - The performance of equity products was the best in the first half of the year, while fixed income products performed the worst [1][3] - The overall number of existing wealth management products reached 27,381, with a significant majority being fixed income products [1][12] - The average net value growth rate for equity products was 5.82%, while fixed income products had a much lower average growth rate of 1.26% [3][10] Product Distribution - As of June 30, 2025, 72.97% of existing wealth management products were rated as medium-low risk (Level 2), followed by medium risk (Level 3) at 12.22% and low risk (Level 1) at 12.11% [1] - Fixed income products dominated the investment nature, accounting for 92.55% of the total, while equity products only made up 0.55% [1] Performance Analysis - Equity products experienced a significant rebound in the A-share and Hong Kong stock markets, leading to their strong performance in the first half of the year [3][12] - Fixed income products showed the lowest performance, with an average maximum drawdown of only 0.19%, indicating their stability despite lower returns [3][6] Company-Specific Insights - The top three wealth management companies by the number of existing products were Xingyin Wealth Management (1,976 products), Xinyin Wealth Management (1,946 products), and Zhaoyin Wealth Management (1,869 products) [1][18] - The highest average net value growth rate for fixed income products was recorded by Su Yin Wealth Management at 1.61% [10] Break-even Rate Trends - The break-even rate for wealth management products reached a new low by the end of June 2025, with nine companies reporting a break-even rate of 0% [12][16] - The break-even rate for fixed income products decreased to 0.17%, while mixed products had a break-even rate of 5.58% [16][18]
2023年以来九成目标盈理财产品提前终止丨机警理财周报
2 1 Shi Ji Jing Ji Bao Dao· 2025-07-22 09:58
Market Overview - The bond market remained volatile with an overall balanced and loose funding environment, with the weighted average of DR007 at 1.51% and the 10-year government bond yield at 1.67% [2] - The Hong Kong stock market performed well, with the Hang Seng Technology Index and Hang Seng Index increasing by 5.53% and 2.84% respectively, while the A-share market also showed positive performance with the ChiNext Index, Shenzhen Component Index, and CSI 1000 Index rising by 3.17%, 2.04%, and 1.41% respectively [2] Product Performance - The number of underperforming wealth management products remained low, with 24,431 public wealth management products in existence as of July 20, 2025, and a comprehensive underperformance rate of 0.43% [3] - The underperformance rates for equity and mixed wealth management products were 41.46% and 5.45% respectively, while fixed income public wealth management products had an underperformance rate of 0.09% [3] New Product Issuance - A total of 457 wealth management products were issued by 31 wealth management companies from July 14 to July 18, 2025, representing a 17.48% increase from the previous week [4] - The majority of newly issued products were R2 (medium-low risk), closed-end net value type, and fixed income public products, with a slight increase in mixed products to 14, accounting for 3.0% [4] - Pricing for most products increased, with 3-6 month products rising to over 2.5% and products over 3 years rising to 2.35% [4] Target Yield Products - Five institutions launched five target yield public wealth management products, with the "Sunshine Jin Feng Li Enhanced Target Yield Phase 1" from Everbright Wealth Management aiming for a target yield of 2.80% [5] - As of the report date, 256 target yield products had been terminated early this year, with over 90% of these due to reaching their target yield [6] - Among the expired products, the highest target annualized yield was 6.29% for the "Feng Li Ling Dong Rui Yi Target Yield Fixed Term Open 1" from Xingyin Wealth Management [6] Industry Trends - Daily open-type products have become increasingly popular in the low-interest-rate environment, offering broader investment ranges and better yield potential compared to cash management products [10] - The scale of QDII wealth management products has surpassed 200 billion yuan, with 389 QDII products issued, primarily fixed income [11] - Joint venture wealth management companies have significantly increased their management scales this year, with notable growth from firms like BNP Paribas and BlackRock [12]
机构行为观察周报20250523:债基久期提升,信用债换手率上行-20250524
Shenwan Hongyuan Securities· 2025-05-24 15:06
Report Industry Investment Rating - Not mentioned in the provided content Core Viewpoints - Based on the calculation results of spot bond trading data, the central duration of all pure bond funds increased by 0.07 years to 3.15 years week-on-week this week [3]. - The median duration of medium - and long - term pure bond funds increased and the divergence decreased this week. The median 5DMA of all medium - and long - term pure bond funds reached 2.85 years, a week - on - week increase of 0.19 years, at the 99.3% quantile in the past three years, and the 5DMA of duration divergence was 0.48, a week - on - week decrease of 0.02, at the 57.4% quantile in the past three years [3]. - The median duration of short - term pure bond funds decreased and the divergence increased this week. The median 5DMA of all short - term bond funds reached 0.85 years, a week - on - week decrease of 0.08 years, at the 74.2% quantile in the past three years, and the 5DMA of duration divergence was 0.49, a week - on - week increase of 0.01, at the 74.4% quantile [3]. - The turnover rate of ultra - long - term interest rate bonds decreased and most of the turnover rates of credit bonds increased this week. As of May 23, 2025, the 10DMA of the turnover rate of treasury bonds with a term of over 10 years remained flat week - on - week at 2.40%, at the 80.7% quantile level in the past three years, while the turnover rates of most 3 - 5 - year credit bonds increased [3]. - The leverage ratio of the inter - bank bond market increased by 0.01 percentage points to 107.0% week - on - week this week. The leverage ratio of insurance companies increased by 0.20 percentage points to 125.6%, the leverage ratio of banks increased by 0.02 percentage points to 102.6%, the leverage ratio of securities companies decreased by 2.95 percentage points to 198.1%, and the leverage ratio of broad funds decreased by 0.12 percentage points to 111.8% [3]. - The scale of existing wealth management products in the whole market increased by 59.84 billion yuan week - on - week last week. The increase was in line with the seasonal level, and the net - breaking rate decreased slightly. The performance comparison benchmarks of newly issued wealth management products showed different trends for different terms [3]. Summary by Directory 1. This Week's Bond Fund Duration Central Point Increased - The central duration of all pure bond funds increased by 0.07 years to 3.15 years week - on - week this week [3][8]. - For medium - and long - term pure bond funds, the median duration of different types (interest - rate type, credit type, and all) showed different changes in terms of median and divergence, with most of the median durations increasing and the divergence showing different trends [3]. - For short - term pure bond funds, the median duration decreased and the divergence increased, with different trends for different types (interest - rate type and credit type) [3]. 2. This Week's Ultra - Long - Term Interest Rate Bond Turnover Rate Decreased, and Most Credit Bond Turnover Rates Increased - The turnover rates and their quantiles of different types of bonds (interest rate bonds, credit bonds, short - duration assets) for different terms are presented. For example, the 10 - year - plus treasury bond turnover rate 10DMA was 2.40% and remained flat week - on - week, at the 80.7% quantile in the past three years [3][22]. - The week - on - week changes in the turnover rates of different bonds are shown. Most 3 - 5 - year credit bond turnover rates increased [3][25]. - The turnover rates, their quantiles in the past three years, and the valuation spreads of local government bonds in different provinces and cities are provided. Sichuan, Shandong, and Anhui had relatively high local government bond turnover rates, and the 7 - 10 - year (inclusive) valuation spreads were 14.36bps, 15.03bps, and 15.37bps respectively [3][27]. 3. This Week's Allocation - Oriented Leverage Ratio Increased, and Trading - Oriented Leverage Ratio Decreased - The inter - bank bond market leverage ratio increased by 0.01 percentage points to 107.0% week - on - week. The leverage ratios of insurance companies, banks, securities companies, and broad funds changed differently, with insurance companies and banks increasing, and securities companies and broad funds decreasing [3][29]. 4. Last Week's Wealth Management Scale Increased, and the Net - Breaking Rate Decreased - The scale of existing wealth management products in the whole market increased by 59.84 billion yuan week - on - week last week, in line with the seasonal level. The net - breaking rate decreased to 0.89%, a week - on - week decrease of 0.11pcts [3]. - By term, the scale of wealth management products within 1 month (inclusive) increased significantly, the daily - open type decreased significantly, and the scales of other terms increased slightly. By investment nature, the scale of fixed - income wealth management products increased significantly, the cash - management type decreased significantly, and other investment types increased slightly [3]. - The performance comparison benchmarks of newly issued wealth management products for different terms showed different trends, with those within 1 month (inclusive) and 1 - 3 years (inclusive) increasing, those within 6 months - 1 year (inclusive) remaining flat, and others decreasing [3].