金融界2025年5月5日消息，国家知识产权局信息显示，宝山钢铁股份有限公司申请一项名为"内层极薄 复合管的无管端盲区探伤方法及装置"的专利，公开号CN119915899A，申请日期为2023年10月。 天眼查资料显示，宝山钢铁股份有限公司，成立于2000年，位于上海市，是一家以从事黑色金属冶炼和 压延加工业为主的企业。企业注册资本2226220.0234万人民币。通过天眼查大数据分析，宝山钢铁股份 有限公司共对外投资了29家企业，参与招投标项目5000次，财产线索方面有商标信息254条，专利信息 5000条，此外企业还拥有行政许可9302个。 专利摘要显示，内层极薄复合管的无管端盲区探伤方法及装置，包括如下步骤：1)在射流检测耦合水循 环腔体上沿周向安装若干射流耦合超声检测单元，射流检测耦合水循环腔体为圆柱筒状结构，各检测单 元之间圆心角相同，且，沿腔体轴向方向上等间距布置；每个检测单元为一超声波探测通道；2)复合管 通过射流检测耦合水循环腔体，调整腔体高度，使得腔体和复合管轴线重合一致；3)启动水耦合循环系 统，驱动复合管匀速依次穿过各相邻检测单元，动态水射流耦合超声波进入复合管管体内进行成像探 测，直至复 ...

Group 1 - Gansu Jiugang Group Hongxing Steel Co., Ltd. has obtained a patent for a device to replace the heating furnace honeycomb structure, with the patent number CN222806935U and application date of May 2024 [1] - The patent describes a practical new device that includes a first and second straight rod, with a design that allows for easy operation and low manufacturing costs, adjustable to the size of the heating furnace honeycomb structure [1] - The device features three fork connection parts evenly distributed at the end of the first straight rod, with a hollow structure and specific angles between the connection parts [1] Group 2 - Gansu Jiugang Group Hongxing Steel Co., Ltd. was established in 1999 and is primarily engaged in black metal smelting and rolling processing, located in Jiayuguan City [2] - The company has a registered capital of approximately 626.34 million RMB and has invested in 35 enterprises, participated in 5000 bidding projects, and holds 2713 patents [2] - Additionally, the company has 24 trademark information entries and 117 administrative licenses [2]

Group 1: Patent Application - A patent titled "A Low-Cost Cold-Rolled Low-Alloy High-Strength Steel Production Method" has been applied for by several companies including Henan Angang Zhoukou Steel Co., Ltd., Anyang Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd., Henan Steel Group Co., Ltd., and Anyang Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. The patent was published as CN119899930A with an application date of February 2025 [1] - The patent outlines a production method that includes several steps: hot rolling, acid rolling, continuous annealing, and galvanizing, ensuring the mechanical properties and surface quality of the final product [1] Group 2: Company Profiles - Henan Angang Zhoukou Steel Co., Ltd. was established in 2018, located in Zhoukou City, with a registered capital of 539.81 million RMB. The company has participated in 3,458 bidding projects and holds 16 patents [2] - Anyang Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd. was founded in 1995, based in Anyang City, with a registered capital of 377.19 million RMB. The company has invested in 32 enterprises, participated in 4,570 bidding projects, and holds 519 patents [2] - Henan Steel Group Co., Ltd. was established in 2023, located in Zhengzhou City, with a registered capital of 2 billion RMB. The company has invested in 4 enterprises and participated in 5,000 bidding projects [2] - Anyang Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. was founded in 1996, also based in Anyang City, with a registered capital of 287.24 million RMB. The company has invested in 26 enterprises, participated in 5,000 bidding projects, and holds 957 patents [3]

金融界消息 截至2025年4月28日收盘，重庆钢铁（601005）报收于1.27元，下跌0.78%，换手率0.7%， 成交量58.09万手，成交金额7429.94万元。 资金流向方面，今日主力资金净流出1150.35万元，占比成交额15.48%。其中，超大单净流出1391.61万 元、占成交额18.73%，大单净流入241.26万元、占成交额3.25%，中单净流出流入614.83万元、占成交 额8.28%，小单净流入535.52万元、占成交额7.21%。 重庆钢铁最新一期业绩显示，截至2025一季报，公司营业总收入66.14亿元、同比减少14.51%，归属净 利润11741.52万元，同比增长64.82%，扣非净利润11802.01万元，同比增长64.70%，流动比率0.377、速 动比率0.283、资产负债率53.37%。 天眼查商业履历信息显示，重庆钢铁股份有限公司，成立于1997年，位于重庆市，是一家以从事黑色金 属冶炼和压延加工业为主的企业。企业注册资本891860.2267万人民币，实缴资本53812.72万人民币。公 司法定代表人为王虎祥。 通过天眼查大数据分析，重庆钢铁股份有限公司共对外投资了1 ...

2025年一季度，全国规模以上工业产能利用率为74.1%，比上年同期上升0.5个百分点。 分三大门类看，2025年一季度，采矿业产能利用率为74.6%，比上年同期下降0.4个百分点；制造业产能利用率为74.1%，上升0.3个百分点；电力、热力、燃 气及水生产和供应业产能利用率为73.6%，上升2.4个百分点。 分主要行业看，2025年一季度，煤炭开采和洗选业产能利用率为71.9%，食品制造业为69.3%，纺织业为77.8%，化学原料和化学制品制造业为73.5%，非金 属矿物制品业为60.9%，黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业为79.3%，有色金属冶炼和压延加工业为77.5%，通用设备制造业为78.1%，专用设备制造业为75.6%，汽 车制造业为71.9%，电气机械和器材制造业为71.7%，计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业为74.7%。 | 2025年一季度规模以上工业产能利用率 | | --- | 产能利用率：是指实际产出与生产能力（均以价值量计量）的比率。 企业的实际产出是指企业报告期内的工业总产值；企业的生产能力是指报告期内，在劳动力、原材料、燃料、运输等保证供给的情况下，生产设备（机械） 保持正常运行，企业可实 ...

Group 1 - The company operates in the special steel and alloy materials sector, focusing on high-temperature alloys, ultra-high-strength steel, stainless steel, and tool steel, with applications in aerospace, energy, petrochemicals, and transportation [8][14][15] - The company reported a steel production of 603,900 tons in 2024, a decrease of 10.91% year-on-year, and a steel product output of 440,500 tons, down 13.04% year-on-year, while "three high and one special" products increased by 14.25% [18] - The company achieved an operating income of 8.484 billion yuan, a decrease of 1.06% year-on-year, and a net profit of 112 million yuan, down 69.18% year-on-year [18] Group 2 - The steel industry in China is facing overcapacity and weak demand, with traditional sectors like real estate and infrastructure showing only a "weak recovery," while emerging demands in new energy and electric vehicles are growing [4][3] - The global crude steel production in 2024 is projected to be 1.883 billion tons, a year-on-year decrease of 0.8%, with China's crude steel output at 1.005 billion tons, a slight decline [3] - The special steel industry is experiencing intensified competition in mid-low and mid-high-end products, while high-end products still lag behind developed countries in quality and stability [6][7] Group 3 - The company has established long-term procurement agreements with quality suppliers for raw materials, ensuring stable supply channels [10] - The production model is based on customer orders, with a focus on efficiency and flexibility in production planning [11] - The company has implemented a quality monitoring system certified by ISO9001 and AS9100, enhancing its quality management capabilities [13] Group 4 - The company plans to distribute a cash dividend of 0.018 yuan per share, totaling approximately 35.32 million yuan, which accounts for 31.62% of the net profit attributable to shareholders [1] - The company is seeking a comprehensive credit facility of up to 6.5 billion yuan for operational funding in 2025 [46][79] - The company has proposed to continue its bill pool business with a limit of 800 million yuan to improve liquidity and reduce management costs [49][81]

Group 1: Soybean Oil - Spot market: Before the Tomb - Sweeping Festival, the price of first - grade soybean oil at Zhangjiagang Donghai Grain and Oil was 8,520 yuan/ton, down 100 yuan/ton from the previous trading day [2] - Market analysis: The 2024/25 Brazilian soybean crop harvest rate is faster than last year, and South America's new season may be in a bumper - harvest pattern. Currently, it's the U.S. soybean export and South American growth and harvest season. Domestically, short - term soybean oil supply and downstream demand may remain neutral, and short - term inventory may be stable [2] - Reference view: The soybean oil 2505 contract may run weakly in the short term [2] Group 2: Soybean Meal - Spot information: 43 soybean meal prices in different regions: Zhangjiagang 3,010 yuan/ton (- 10), Tianjin 3,130 yuan/ton (- 30), Rizhao 3,070 yuan/ton (- 10), Dongguan 2,970 yuan/ton (0) [3] - Market analysis: Sino - U.S. tariff policies have caused market panic. CBOT soybeans have declined due to demand concerns. In April, the number of imported soybeans is expected to increase. Terminal breeding demand is average, and downstream feed enterprises mainly replenish stocks on a rolling basis. Oil mill soybean meal inventory remains neutral [3] - Reference view: Soybean meal may fluctuate within a range in the short term [3] Group 3: Corn - Spot information: The average purchase price of new corn in key deep - processing enterprises in the three northeastern provinces and Inner Mongolia is 2,082 yuan/ton; in North China and the Huang - Huai region, it's 2,281 yuan/ton. The purchase price at Jinzhou Port and Bayuquan Port is 2,130 - 2,155 yuan/ton [4] - Market analysis: The U.S. corn planting area in 2025 is expected to reach 95.326 million acres, a 12 - year high. Domestically, farmers' grain sales are nearly 90% complete, and imported corn and substitute grains have decreased significantly. Downstream pig production capacity is recovering, but there are still potential suppressing factors [4] - Reference view: The short - term corn futures price will fluctuate within a range, and an interval operation strategy is recommended [4] Group 4: Electrolytic Copper - Spot information: The price of Shanghai 1 electrolytic copper is 79,010 - 79,290 yuan, down 905 yuan. The import copper ore index is - 26.4, down 2.26 [5] - Market analysis: Global "irrational" tariffs have caused turmoil in overseas capital markets. Domestically, policies are continuously strengthening, giving the market strong expectations. The raw material impact is still extreme, and the copper price is in a stage of resonance [5] - Reference view: Affected by the external market, Shanghai copper may open sharply lower. It is recommended to keep the strategy unchanged [5] Group 5: Lithium Carbonate - Spot information: The market price of battery - grade lithium carbonate (99.5%) is 74,100 yuan/ton, and that of industrial - grade lithium carbonate (99.2%) is 72,200 yuan/ton. The price difference between them is 1,900 yuan/ton, remaining unchanged from the previous trading day [6] - Market analysis: Lithium ore prices are unchanged, and inventory has increased. Supply is growing but at a slower pace, and the salt - lake end has started to resume production. Demand has improved but is still insufficient to drive prices up [6][7] - Reference view: The lithium carbonate 2505 contract may oscillate weakly. Short - selling on rallies is recommended [7] Group 6: Steel - Spot information: The price of Shanghai rebar is 3,260 yuan, the Tangshan start - up rate is 80.58%, the social inventory is 6.28 million tons, and the steel mill inventory is 2.2578 million tons [8] - Market analysis: The fundamentals of steel are gradually improving, with a weaker near - term and stronger long - term situation. The cost is rising, and the inventory is accumulating but at a low level. The short - term market is dominated by macro - policy expectations [8] - Reference view: The market sentiment is pessimistic, and steel prices will oscillate at a low level [8] Group 7: Coking Coal and Coke - Spot information: The price of main coking coal (washed coal, Meng 5) is 1,270 yuan/ton; the price of quasi - first - grade metallurgical coke at Rizhao Port is 1,370 yuan/ton. The port inventory of imported coking coal is 3.8623 million tons, and the port inventory of coke is 2.0013 million tons [9] - Market analysis: Supply is relatively loose, demand is still sluggish, inventory is slightly accumulating, and the average profit per ton of coke is approaching the break - even point [9] - Reference view: Due to loose supply, coking coal and coke will rebound weakly at a low level with limited space [9] Group 8: Iron Ore - Spot information: The Platts iron ore index is 102.95, the price of Qingdao PB (61.5%) powder is 786 yuan, and the price of Australian iron ore powder (62% Fe) is 787 yuan [10] - Market analysis: Supply is increasing, demand is weak both domestically and overseas, and there are concerns about the contraction of long - process steelmaking demand. However, the weakening of the U.S. dollar index provides some support [10] - Reference view: The iron ore 2505 contract will mainly oscillate weakly in the short term. Traders are advised to be cautious [10] Group 9: Crude Oil - Market analysis: After the U.S. announced "reciprocal tariffs" and China counter - attacked, global capital markets tumbled, and crude oil prices dropped more than 10% during the holiday. OPEC+ decided to increase production in May, and the U.S. PMI data in February contracted [11] - Reference view: The WTI main contract will experience a sharp decline after the holiday. Attention should be paid to the supplementary decline in the domestic market [11] Group 10: Rubber - Spot information: The price of domestic full - latex rubber is 16,600 yuan/ton, Thai RSS3 is 21,600 yuan/ton, Vietnamese 3L standard rubber is 17,750 yuan/ton, and 20 - grade rubber is 16,350 yuan/ton [12] - Market analysis: U.S. "reciprocal tariffs" have affected China's tire and automobile exports, causing rubber prices to fall. Domestically, full - latex rubber production is gradually resuming, and the global rubber supply and demand are both loose [13] - Reference view: Rubber prices will mainly oscillate weakly. Attention should be paid to the supplementary decline after the holiday [13] Group 11: PVC - Spot information: The mainstream price of East China 5 - type PVC is 4,900 yuan/ton, and that of ethylene - based PVC is 5,150 yuan/ton, both remaining unchanged [14] - Market analysis: The PVC production enterprise start - up rate has increased. Downstream demand has not improved significantly, and inventory has decreased. The current supply - demand contradiction is still prominent [14] - Reference view: In the short term, lacking fundamental positive drivers, the futures price will oscillate at a low level [14] Group 12: Soda Ash - Spot information: The national mainstream price of heavy soda ash is 1,471.56 yuan/ton, down 1.57 yuan/ton month - on - month [15] - Market analysis: The soda ash start - up rate has increased, production has risen, and factory inventory has accumulated. Social inventory has decreased slightly. Demand is average, and there is resistance to high - price goods [15] - Reference view: Before the holiday, the 05 contract fluctuated narrowly. It is expected that the futures price will mainly oscillate widely in the short term [15]

文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 陆银波（15210860866） 核心观点 本篇报告希望从定量的角度分析"供改"的压力。希望构建一个定量的指标，可以动态更新，可以解释 2015 年年末的供给侧改革（时点选择、行业选择），可以观察更多的行业情况。我们借助上市公司财报数据， 构建盈利压力指数，大体可以满足上述要求。从盈利压力指数来看， 2024 年三季报显示压力在上升，但尚 未触及 2015 年的高点。行业层面，电源设备已具备 2015 年供改行业的特征，煤化工、结构材料、普钢尚 不具备，但已经较为接近。 报告摘要 一、需要什么样的指标以评估供改压力？ 需要满足两个要求。 第一，2015年，该指标是局部最高点 ，最理想情况下是2000年以来的最高点，次理想 情况下是2011年以来的最高点（参照外管局观点，"经常账户顺差与GDP之比在2011年之后处于合理均衡区 间"，即2011年之后经济对外需的依赖大幅下降）。 第二，在2015年的行业视角来看 ，煤炭、钢铁、有 色、石化等之所以纳入供给侧改革，从纵向比较来看，2015年属于自身压力较大的年 ...

Investment Rating - The industry is rated as "Outperform the Market," indicating a positive outlook with expectations that the industry index will outperform the CSI 300 index in the next six months [21]. Core Insights - The report highlights a significant decline in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for February, which fell by 0.7% year-on-year, marking the first negative growth since January 2024. This decline is attributed to various factors, including a high base effect from the previous year's Spring Festival [2]. - The Producer Price Index (PPI) also saw a year-on-year decrease of 2.2% in February, with production material prices dropping by 2.5%. The report suggests that the PPI decline may continue to narrow as industrial demand recovers [2]. - The report anticipates that with the implementation of consumption promotion policies, the CPI is expected to rebound, despite the current negative growth [2]. Summary by Sections Macro Research - February CPI decreased by 0.7% year-on-year, with food prices down by 3.3% and non-food prices down by 0.1%. The CPI also fell by 0.2% month-on-month [2]. - The PPI decreased by 2.2% year-on-year and 0.1% month-on-month, with significant drops in production material prices [2]. - The report notes that the industrial production is gradually recovering, and the PPI's year-on-year decline may continue to narrow [2]. Price Trends - The report provides insights into various price trends, including a notable decrease in fresh vegetable prices by 3.8% month-on-month due to warmer weather and a drop in pork prices by 1.9% [2]. - The report also mentions that prices in the new energy and artificial intelligence sectors are experiencing upward trends, with certain metal prices increasing [2].