在此背景下，俄罗斯副总理诺瓦克已经提议取消从中国进口汽油的5%关税及13%增值税，预计每月可新增35万吨汽油供应，同时计划通过中欧班列开辟运 输专线规避风险。这种合作已突破"原油换成品"的传统模式，转向更灵活的双向补给。 但进口汽油仅是权宜之计。海运20天的运输周期与内陆转运成本，削弱了免税政策的实际效益。更关键的是，乌克兰已明确将扩大无人机产能持续打击能源 设施，而西方对俄设备禁运形成长期制约。 作为曾掌控全球9.3%成品油出口份额的能源巨头，俄罗斯正陷入前所未有的燃油困局，俄罗斯国内市场严重缺乏汽油燃料油，这个传统炼油强国已启动紧 急预案，计划从中国进口的汽油，并且对进口汽油实施临时免税政策，以填补国内持续扩大的供应缺口。 俄罗斯这一看似荒诞的转折，实则是乌克兰无人机持续打击与西方制裁叠加的必然结果。目前俄罗斯的能源生命线正遭受精准打击。自2025年8月以来，乌 克兰无人机已对俄罗斯38座炼油厂中的21座发起攻击，9月份就有4家大型炼油厂被迫停产，包括排名全国第二的基涅夫炼油厂与五大炼油厂之一的梁赞炼油 厂。10月的前五天，又有4座年产能超1700万吨的炼油设施接连中招。 截至9月底，俄罗斯炼油产能的瘫痪 ...

Core Viewpoint - The decision by Indian state-owned refineries to resume purchasing Russian oil in RMB is not merely a trial but a necessity driven by geopolitical and economic realities, marking a significant shift in global energy trade dynamics [3][18]. Group 1: Geopolitical Context - The ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict and Western financial sanctions have effectively excluded Russia from mainstream financial systems, making traditional currencies like USD and EUR unusable for Russian oil transactions [6][16]. - India's previous attempts to use RMB for oil purchases were hindered by strained Sino-Indian relations, but private refineries continued to utilize this payment method [8][10]. Group 2: Economic Implications - The price advantage of Russian oil has diminished, with discounts shrinking from $10-20 per barrel in 2022 to just $2-3 by 2025, yet the diversification of payment methods remains crucial for energy security [10][12]. - The shift towards RMB payments is part of a broader trend of "de-dollarization," with over 90% of Sino-Russian trade now conducted in local currencies, indicating a move towards a financial ecosystem less reliant on the USD [12][16]. Group 3: Future Outlook - The issuance of RMB-denominated "panda bonds" by Russian energy companies and the increasing interest from other nations in local currency settlements suggest a growing trend towards financial independence from the USD [14][16]. - The evolving global trade landscape presents opportunities for emerging markets to assert more control over their economic transactions, with RMB internationalization being a key aspect of this shift [16][18].

Core Insights - The article highlights the intensifying conflict between Ukraine and Russia, marking a significant shift in the war dynamics as both sides escalate their military strategies and capabilities [1][3][7]. Group 1: Military Developments - Ukrainian forces have demonstrated an unexpected upgrade in their long-range strike capabilities, successfully targeting key Russian infrastructure, including oil refineries and ammunition factories [5][7]. - Russia has launched a massive retaliatory strike against Ukraine, deploying over 50 missiles and approximately 500 drones, aiming to cripple Ukraine's energy and civilian infrastructure before winter [3][8]. - The Ukrainian military has systematically targeted 16 oil refineries within Russia, reducing total production capacity by 14.68 million tons, leading to severe gasoline shortages and skyrocketing prices [3][5]. Group 2: Human Cost of the Conflict - The human toll of the conflict is staggering, with Ukrainian forces suffering approximately 15,000 casualties in a single month, while Russian casualties are estimated to be nearing 300,000 in 2025 [10]. - The emotional weight of the war is underscored by the actions of Ukrainian military leaders, who publicly acknowledge the losses and sacrifices made by their troops [1][10]. Group 3: International Involvement - Western intelligence support has been crucial in enhancing Ukraine's long-range strike capabilities, providing detailed coordinates and weak points of Russian targets [7]. - Military aid from international allies continues to flow into Ukraine, with Greece planning to supply artillery and NATO members pressuring for the transfer of fighter jets [7]. Group 4: Strategic Objectives - Russia's focus on attacking Ukraine's energy infrastructure is a strategic move to undermine the morale of the Ukrainian populace as winter approaches [8]. - Ukraine has secretly deployed American-made energy storage systems with a total capacity of 200 megawatts, capable of providing emergency power to 600,000 households for up to two hours [8].

格隆汇10月7日｜埃克森美孚预计第三季炼油利润出现反弹，将按季增加约5亿美元。公司称，第三季能 源生产部门的利润将增加3亿至7亿美元；化学品部门利润将升约2亿美元，并指汽油价格的变动对盈利 的影响轻微。 ...

Core Insights - Russia, an energy-exporting nation, is facing a significant fuel supply crisis due to attacks on its oil refineries, leading to a loss of nearly 40% of its refining capacity, which is critical for its economy [1][5] - The Russian government is increasing oil imports from Belarus and considering waiving tariffs on gasoline from China, South Korea, and Singapore to mitigate the supply shortage [3][5] - Ukraine is strategically targeting Russian energy facilities to disrupt funding for military operations, indicating a shift in the conflict dynamics [5][7] Group 1: Impact on Oil Supply - Attacks on Russian refineries have resulted in approximately 40% of refining capacity being non-operational, severely impacting domestic fuel availability [1] - The monthly gasoline demand in Russia is around 2 million tons, with a current shortfall of approximately 400,000 tons, leading to closures of 1-2 gas stations out of every 50 [1][3] - In Crimea, fuel restrictions have been implemented, limiting vehicles to a maximum of 5 gallons (approximately 19 liters) [3] Group 2: Government Response - The Russian government is increasing oil imports from Belarus, with a reported 36% increase since July and a 168% month-on-month rise in September [3] - Plans to enhance the use of alternative fuel sources, including ethanol and other chemicals, are being considered to maximize fuel availability [3] - Export bans on gasoline and diesel have been extended until the end of the year, further tightening the logistics chain [3] Group 3: Strategic Military Implications - Ukraine is focusing on increasing the production of long-range drones to target Russian energy facilities, which are seen as critical to undermining Russia's military funding [5] - The U.S. has escalated its support by providing Ukraine with detailed coordinates for targeting Russian energy infrastructure, marking a significant shift in military assistance [7] - This strategic targeting of energy resources may pose a more significant challenge for Russia than direct military confrontations [7]

Core Insights - Ukraine's recent strategy focuses on targeting Russian oil refineries, leading to nearly 40% of refining capacity being idle, significantly impacting the Russian economy [1][3]. Group 1: Impact on Russian Oil Industry - Approximately 40% of Russia's refining capacity is currently idle due to Ukrainian drone attacks, which are difficult to repair due to Western sanctions [3]. - The Russian fuel market is facing a monthly gasoline demand shortfall of about 20%, equating to a shortage of 400,000 tons out of a total monthly demand of 2 million tons [3]. - As a result of reduced gasoline production by around 20%, 1-2 out of every 50 gas stations in Russia have stopped selling gasoline, with severe restrictions in Crimea [3][6]. Group 2: Changes in Fuel Imports - Since July, Moscow has increased gasoline imports from ally Belarus by 36% compared to the same period last year, with September imports surging by 168% [4]. - The Russian Energy Minister Novak has proposed increasing gasoline purchases from Belarus and eliminating import tariffs on gasoline from China, South Korea, and Singapore [4]. Group 3: Government Response and Future Plans - The Russian government has extended the ban on gasoline and diesel exports until the end of the year, affecting at least 10 regions, particularly in Crimea [6]. - Ukrainian President Zelensky has indicated plans to ramp up the production of long-range drones to continue targeting Russian energy infrastructure, stating that the most effective sanction is to set Russian refineries ablaze [6]. - Former President Trump has authorized the Pentagon to assist Ukraine in using long-range missiles to strike deep within Russian territory, marking a significant escalation in support for Ukraine [8].

每经编辑｜段炼 潘海福 当地时间10月2日，普京在出席俄智库瓦尔代国际辩论俱乐部第22届年会时，回应特朗普称俄"纸老虎"言论，称"最重要的是自信"。 同样在2日，泽连斯基在丹麦与欧洲多国政要密集会晤，不仅寻求对乌安全保障，也希望欧盟能够迅速实施对俄的第19轮制裁。 与此同时，美方仍在为俄乌冲突"火上浇油"，特朗普政府不仅表态将向乌提供射程可覆盖俄首都莫斯科的"战斧"巡航导弹，还被曝将为乌远程袭击俄能源 设施提供情报。 图片来源：视觉中国（资料图） 俄最大炼油企业之一遭袭 集团军指挥所被打击 据央视新闻报道，乌克兰武装部队总参谋部10月4日通报称，乌军当天对位于俄罗斯列宁格勒州基里希市的基里希石油化工厂实施了打击，现场记录到爆 炸和火灾，命中结果正在核实。通报称，该炼油厂是俄罗斯境内最大的炼油企业之一，年炼油能力达1840万吨原油。 此外，乌军方表示，在俄属卡累利阿共和国奥涅加湖区域，一艘小型导弹艇"布扬-M"被击中，损毁程度正在查明。在库尔斯克州，乌军击中了俄军"手风 琴"雷达站及一辆属于"伊斯坎德尔"战术导弹系统的运输装填车。通报还称，乌军还对驻扎在顿涅茨克地区的俄军第8集团军指挥所实施打击，目标已被击 中 ...

Group 1 - The Ukrainian armed forces conducted a strike on the Kirishi oil refinery in Russia's Leningrad region, resulting in explosions and fires [3] - The Kirishi refinery is one of the largest in Russia, with an annual refining capacity of 18.4 million tons of crude oil [3] - Additional military actions included the destruction of a small missile boat and a radar station, as well as a transport vehicle for the Iskander tactical missile system [3]

Group 1: Hamas and Trump's Proposal - Hamas has submitted a response to Trump's "20-point plan," expressing willingness to negotiate through mediators for a ceasefire in Gaza and the complete withdrawal of Israel from the region [1][7] - The organization agrees to release all Israeli hostages and hand over the remains of deceased individuals, contingent upon meeting necessary exchange conditions [1][7] - Hamas is open to transferring governance of Gaza to an independent Palestinian authority and will participate in discussions regarding the future of Gaza and the inherent rights of the Palestinian people [1][7] Group 2: U.S. Government Shutdown - The U.S. Senate voted on a temporary funding bill proposed by Democrats, which failed with 46 votes in favor and 52 against, leading to a continued government shutdown [3][7] - A subsequent temporary funding bill proposed by Republicans also did not receive enough votes to pass [3][7] - The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) has only enough funding to operate for about eight more days before entering emergency shutdown procedures due to the ongoing government shutdown [7] Group 3: Market Performance - U.S. stock indices showed mixed results, with the Dow Jones increasing by 0.51%, while the Nasdaq decreased by 0.28% [3] - International precious metals futures saw a general increase, with COMEX gold futures rising by 1.14% to $3912.10 per ounce, and COMEX silver futures increasing by 3.45% to $47.97 per ounce [3] - Crude oil prices also saw slight increases, with WTI crude oil rising by 0.35% to $60.69 per barrel, while Brent crude oil increased by 0.42% to $64.38 per barrel [3] Group 4: Trade Relations with Mexico - The Chinese Ministry of Commerce has expressed strong opposition to Mexico's recent anti-dumping investigations against Chinese products, including float glass and PVC-coated fabrics [4] - China is closely monitoring the situation and has initiated a trade and investment barrier investigation in response to Mexico's proposed increase in import tariffs [4] Group 5: Corporate News - Xiaomi has addressed concerns regarding a viral video of a car allegedly driving itself, confirming that the incident was due to a user-initiated parking command and not a vehicle malfunction [9] - OpenAI has publicly defended its employees against harassment tactics from Elon Musk, emphasizing its commitment to protecting staff and their rights [11] - Boeing is facing significant financial implications due to the delayed delivery of its 777X aircraft, with reports indicating a postponement from 2026 to early 2027 [13]

Market Overview - US stock indices closed mixed, with the Dow Jones up 0.51%, the Nasdaq down 0.28%, and the S&P 500 up 0.01% [4] - Major tech stocks mostly declined, with AMD down nearly 3%, Meta down over 2%, and Tesla down over 1% [4] - The Nasdaq China Golden Dragon Index fell 1.15%, with most Chinese concept stocks declining, including a drop of over 4% for Global Data and nearly 4% for Li Auto [4] - International precious metals futures generally rose, with COMEX gold futures up 1.14% to $3912.10 per ounce, and COMEX silver futures up 3.45% to $47.97 per ounce [4] Oil Market - WTI crude oil main contract rose 0.35% to $60.69 per barrel, with a weekly decline of 7.65% [5] - Brent crude oil main contract increased by 0.42% to $64.38 per barrel, with a weekly decline of 6.99% [5] Trade Relations - The Chinese Ministry of Commerce responded to Mexico's recent anti-dumping investigations against Chinese products, emphasizing opposition to protectionist actions and the importance of adhering to WTO rules [6] - China has initiated an investigation into Mexico's proposed increase in import tariffs and other trade restrictions [6] Company News - Xiaomi addressed a viral video claiming a Xiaomi car drove away on its own, stating that the incident was due to a misunderstanding related to a parking assist command from a user's phone [12] - OpenAI responded to Elon Musk's legal actions, asserting its commitment to protecting employee rights and rejecting any intimidation tactics [14] - Boeing is expected to delay the delivery of its 777X aircraft again, potentially resulting in losses of billions of dollars [16] - Chevron's refinery in California experienced an explosion, with no reported injuries, highlighting safety concerns in the refining industry [17] - Apple removed an app that tracked U.S. immigration enforcement personnel, emphasizing its commitment to user privacy and safety [19]