Core Viewpoint - Despite an agreement between China and the U.S. to resume the export of rare earth products, China still imposes restrictions on certain critical rare earth elements, impacting U.S. companies' access to essential materials like dysprosium and its oxides [1][5]. Group 1: Impact of China's Restrictions - China's limitations on the export of key rare earth elements directly affect U.S. capabilities to produce high-performance magnets, which are crucial for defense and high-end manufacturing sectors [3][6]. - The U.S. relies on imported finished rare earth magnets, which contain processed dysprosium, but cannot import dysprosium itself due to Chinese restrictions [5][10]. - Without access to high-purity dysprosium or its oxides, the U.S. struggles to produce advanced magnets domestically, hindering its ability to establish a self-sufficient rare earth supply chain [6][10]. Group 2: U.S. Industry Challenges - The U.S. aims to develop a complete rare earth industry chain, from mining to metal refining and magnet production, but faces significant challenges due to the lack of access to critical raw materials [8][12]. - Even with mining operations underway, the U.S. lacks the necessary separation technology and capacity to obtain high-purity dysprosium, making it difficult to achieve independence from Chinese supplies [10][12]. - The inability to secure essential raw materials means that the U.S. can only import finished products, akin to receiving "bread" without the ability to produce the "flour" and "yeast" needed for self-sufficiency [10][12].

稀土概念股走低，USA Rare Earth跌超6%，Critical Metals跌5.8%，MP Materials跌2.6%。消息面上，特 朗普在圣诞夜下令对尼日利亚实施空袭，标志着美国与这一西非最大经济体的紧张关系急剧升级。分析 指出，虽然反恐是公开的理由，但此次行动背后交织着复杂的经济利益链条，目标可能在直指尼日利亚 石油自主能力和稀土矿产。(格隆汇) ...

Core Viewpoint - The global geopolitical landscape is increasingly complex, with ongoing international conflicts, intensified strategic competition among major powers, and a surge in sanctions and export control measures, significantly raising compliance thresholds for cross-border transactions and complicating corporate compliance management [1][2]. Group 1: Overview of Global Sanctions and Trade Control Policies - The number of global sanctions and sanctioned entities is at a historically high level, indicating a trend towards institutionalization of international sanctions activities [1]. - The article outlines the core policy dynamics in the field of global economic sanctions and trade controls for 2025, focusing on major economies like the US, EU, and China [2]. Group 2: US Economic Sanctions and Export Control Policies - In 2025, the US continues to tighten economic sanctions and export controls, enhancing oversight of sensitive technologies and strategic industries while allowing for some flexibility in implementation timelines to ease short-term compliance burdens [3]. - A new "Interim Final Rule" was introduced, requiring higher standards of due diligence for the export of advanced computing integrated circuits, expanding the scope of controlled items [4]. - The introduction of the "50% ownership rule" in export controls signifies a shift from a targeted approach to a more comprehensive one, impacting multinational companies with complex ownership structures [5][6]. - The integration of economic sanctions and export controls is becoming more pronounced, with both areas increasingly serving similar strategic objectives [7]. Group 3: EU Economic Sanctions and Trade Control Policies - The EU has intensified sanctions against Russia, expanding the scope to include third-party entities that assist in evading sanctions, reflecting a more systemic approach to sanctions [8][9]. - The EU's export control policies are increasingly aligned with international multilateral frameworks, emphasizing compliance with international obligations and enhancing cooperation among member states [10][11]. - Recent updates to the EU's dual-use item control list include new technologies and materials, indicating a proactive stance in regulating sensitive technologies [12]. Group 4: UK Economic Sanctions and Trade Control Policies - The UK has strengthened its sanctions against Russia, particularly in traditional energy and emerging technology sectors, while enhancing oversight of evasion behaviors [13][14]. - The UK has revised its Export Control Order to align more closely with international export control mechanisms, reflecting a commitment to maintaining consistency with major partners [16]. Group 5: China's Economic Sanctions and Trade Control Policies - China has introduced significant policies in economic sanctions and export controls, transitioning from a defensive posture to a more proactive and strategic approach [17]. - The implementation of the "Counter-Sanctions Implementation Regulations" marks a key step in operationalizing China's counter-sanctions law [18][19]. - China has actively utilized unreliable entity lists and export control lists, indicating a more frequent and systematic use of these tools in response to foreign sanctions [21]. - Recent announcements regarding export controls on critical materials and technologies reflect a substantial upgrade in China's export control framework [22][23]. Group 6: Future Outlook on Compliance with Economic Sanctions and Export Controls - The compliance environment for businesses is expected to become more complex and multifaceted, with rising costs associated with adapting to frequently changing regulations [25]. - Companies will need to integrate compliance into their internal controls and develop robust governance frameworks to navigate the evolving landscape of international sanctions and export controls [28][29]. - The demand for legal services related to cross-border disputes and compliance strategies is anticipated to increase as businesses face heightened risks from sanctions and export controls [26][27].

[Table_Main] 行业研究|有色金属 证券研究报告 有色金属行业双周报 2025 年 12 月 26 日 [Table_Title] 能源金属领跑，白银价格大幅上涨 ——有色金属行业双周报 [Table_Summary] 报告要点： 行情回顾：近 2 周申万有色金属指数上涨 0.99% 近 2 周（2025.12.8-2025.12.19），有色金属行业指数上涨 0.99%， 跑赢沪深 300 指数，在 31 个申万一级行业中排名第 7。能源金属 （5.58%）、金属新材料（0.88%）、贵金属（2.19%）和小金属（4.07%） 均有不同程度上涨。 金属价格：能源金属领跑，白银价格大幅上涨 截至 12 月 19 日，COMEX 黄金收盘价为 4369.70 美元/盎司，近 2 周 上涨 3.34%；沪金收盘价为 979.90 元/克，近 2 周上涨 1.96%。COMEX 白银收盘价为 67.40 美元/盎司，近 2 周上涨 14.62%；LME 铜现货结 算价为 11,845.00 美元/吨，近 2 周上涨 1.72%；LME 铝现货结算价 为 2,896 美元/吨，近 2 周上涨 1.08%；黑 ...

Group 1 - The US and China have reached a ceasefire agreement, but competition remains, with the US planning to increase tariffs on Chinese semiconductor products by June 2027 [1][3] - The US Trade Representative's office announced the end of the 301 trade investigation into China's semiconductor industry, indicating a temporary concession [1][3] - The Chinese Ministry of Commerce has expressed strong opposition to the US tariffs on semiconductors, urging dialogue to resolve issues and emphasizing mutual respect and cooperation [3][11] Group 2 - Despite the ceasefire, key rare earth products remain difficult to obtain, which is critical for both high-end and low-end chip production [4][6] - The timing of the tariff increase is strategically aligned with the US's efforts to secure rare earth supply chains and diversify sources away from China [8][9] - The US's delay in implementing semiconductor tariffs until 2027 serves as a buffer to maintain the ceasefire with China while bolstering its own rare earth industry [11]

尽管今年10月美国与中国就解除对稀土供应限制达成协议，但中国仍然限制向美国提供生产永磁材料所需的稀土元素。根据彭博社12月24日的报道，该消息 来源于市场参与者的透露。 诺维昂磁业公司的联合创始人斯科特·邓恩指出，除了中国之外，全球其他地区的年产永磁材料的能力约为5万吨。然而，中国以外地区的稀土矿产资源远不 足以支持如此大的生产规模。 12月18日，中国商务部新闻发言人何亚东就稀土相关出口管制的最新情况做出回应。何亚东表示，自从实施稀土出口管制以来，中国相关主管部门已向出口 商进行了政策解读，并随着经验的积累，部分中国出口商已经达到了申请通用许可的基本要求。据了解，目前已有部分中国出口商提交的通用许可申请已获 得批准。 报道中提到，多位消费者、制造商、政府官员和贸易专家表示，尽管中国已增加了成品（主要是永磁材料）的供应量，美国工业仍然无法获得生产这些产品 所需的原材料，而这正是美国政府的一项重要优先事项。 ...

在非烟非能工业突破上发力。在稳定烟草、能源基本盘的同时，加快培育非烟非能工业新增长点，发展 壮大生物医药、新材料、先进装备制造、电子信息、绿色食品加工等非烟非能工业，力争"十五五"末非 烟非能工业占规上工业比重进一步提升、撑起云南工业的"半壁江山"，推动产业结构优化、产业体系韧 性和整体效能显著增强。 云南省委十一届九次全会审议通过的《中共云南省委关于制定云南省国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年 规划的建议》，把"打好产业转型升级攻坚战，构建具有云南特色优势的现代化产业体系"摆在12项重点 工作任务的第一条，提出要坚持把发展经济的着力点放在实体经济上，坚持智能化、绿色化、融合化方 向，坚持大抓产业、主攻工业，坚持以资源换产业、以园区聚产业、以口岸促产业，一体推进"三大经 济"，有序提升制造业比重，着力打造全国重要的清洁能源基地、战略性有色金属产业基地、高原特色 现代生态农业基地、金字招牌的世界旅游目的地，以产业转型升级促进全省经济高质量发展。 云南省发展和改革委员会党组书记、主任陈明表示，从3个重点聚焦把握构建具有云南特色优势的现代 化产业体系：重点聚焦绿色铝、硅光伏、磷化工、有色和稀贵金属等领域，做强做优做大资 ...

| | | 中钨在线稀土产品报价表 | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | 2025年12月26日 | | | | | 产品名称 | | 规格/含量/牌号 | 中钨在线报价 | 涨跌 | 単位 | | | 氧化铜 | La2O3/TREO 99.5-99.9% | 4.400.00 | 1 | 元/吨 | | | 氧化镇 | Eu2O3/TREO 99.95-99.99% | 170.00 | I | 元/千克 | | を 稀 | 氧化错 | Pr6O11/TREO 99.0-99.9% | 610,000.00 | P | 九/吨 | | 士 | 氧化紋 | Nd2O3/TREO 99.0-99.9% | 605.000.00 | - | 元/吨 | | | 氧化错效 | (Nd2O3+Pr6O11)/TREO≥75.0% | 595,000.00 | 3,000 | 元/吨 | | | 错效金属 | Pr/TREM 20-25% | 725.000.00 | | 元/吨 | | | | Nd/TREM75-80% TREM298.5% | | ...

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Investment Rating - The report indicates a cautious investment outlook for the rare earth industry, particularly concerning U.S.-China trade relations and supply chain stability [11]. Core Insights - Despite an agreement to lift restrictions on rare earth elements, China continues to limit the supply of essential materials needed for U.S. production of permanent magnets and other products [11] - The U.S. industrial sector remains unable to independently source the raw materials required for these products, while China has increased the supply of finished products like permanent magnets [11] - China's restrictions on raw materials hinder the U.S. efforts to establish its own rare earth processing industry, which is crucial for producing magnets used in various applications, including consumer goods and military systems [11] Summary by Sections - **Trade Relations**: The U.S. and China have reached a trade truce, but ongoing tensions persist, particularly regarding the supply of rare earth materials [3][4] - **Supply Chain Issues**: U.S. companies face significant challenges in obtaining raw materials from China, which affects their production capabilities [7][8] - **Market Dynamics**: There is a notable discrepancy between the increase in China's exports of finished products and the stagnation of U.S. exports, indicating a potential imbalance in the supply chain [6][8]