中经记者 封莉 北京报道 当小微企业因经营成本上升、经营困难导致贷款逾期引发诉讼纠纷，法院怎么判？ 12月19日傍晚，国家金融监督管理总局和最高人民法院联合发布金融领域纠纷多元化解典型案例。《中 国经营报》记者注意到，在金融纠纷化解过程中，建立了"法院+行业"多元解纷机制，积极贯彻国家关 于金融领域相关政策要求，落实小微企业纾困政策，平衡小微企业经营持续性与债权人利益，通过协商 制定切实可行的还款方案，实现结果共赢。 其中，一起小微企业贷款逾期纠纷调解案值得关注，这起案例中，"法院+行业"多元解纷机制助力了小 微企业纾困新生。 案情回溯，一家小微企业与某银行签订了两份《流动资金借款合同》，贷款本金合计600万元，期限为 12个月。 此后，受原材料上涨、应收账款回款延迟等因素影响，小微企业陷入经营困难，未能按期偿还贷款本 息。合同签订两年后，逾期本息累计达283万余元。 金融纠纷调解组织接受委托后，迅速与各方展开深入沟通。小微企业有强烈还款意愿，提出分11期还款 计划，"当前困境属于暂时性经营波动，近年营收稳定，后续可通过应收账款回款偿还债务。"该公司不 无担忧地表示，强制清算将导致破产。 某银行则对债权风险表 ...

今年1-8月，现行政策中支持制造业发展的主要政策减税降费及退税近1.3万亿元。"十四五"时期，全国 累计新增减税降费超过10万亿元，有力减轻了企业负担。 这是第一财经记者11月25日从国务院减轻企业负担部际联席会议召开的电视电话会议上获得的信息。 并将进一步规范涉企行政行为 金融监管总局助力企业纾困，扎实推进普惠金融。据金融监管总局银行检查局副局长朱彤介绍，截至 2025年9月末，全国普惠性小微企业贷款余额36.51万亿元，同比增长12.06%，较各项贷款增长高 5.65%，贷款平均年化利率3.86%，较2024年同期下降0.62%。 柯吉欣谈到，在肯定成绩的同时也要看到，企业对部分领域成本负担主观感受依然较重，有的企业反映 回款周期过长加剧企业资金压力，涉企行政执法仍待进一步规范等等。这些问题都需要引起高度重视， 并持续推动解决。 《报告》显示，在外部形势复杂严峻和部分行业供求矛盾凸显的情况下，一些企业对原材料、人工、资 金成本负担主观感受仍较明显，有些领域隐形变异加重企业负担行为犹存，呼吁国家持续加大减负纾困 力度，进一步规范涉企行政行为，帮助经营主体渡过难关。 调查中企业反映，今年以来市场有效需求不足， ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the efforts of Guangning County in supporting small and micro enterprises through innovative financing mechanisms, focusing on addressing urgent needs and enhancing the quality of the real economy. Group 1: Financing Mechanisms - Guangning County has established a specialized working group to coordinate financing for small and micro enterprises, utilizing an "addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division" approach to tackle financing challenges [1][3]. - The county aims to enhance product innovation, reduce financing costs, and optimize comprehensive services to facilitate precise connections between banks and small enterprises [1][3]. Group 2: Product Innovation - The county is increasing product innovation by creating platforms for government, banks, and enterprises to connect, organizing targeted matchmaking events to eliminate information barriers [3]. - Financial institutions are encouraged to innovate financial products, offering a diverse range of financing services tailored to the needs of small and micro enterprises [3]. Group 3: Cost Reduction - As of July 20, 2025, the weighted average interest rate for new small enterprise loans from county banks is 3.8%, a decrease of 0.23 percentage points since the beginning of the year, indicating significant cost reduction efforts [5]. Group 4: Comprehensive Services - The "Yue Xin Fu" platform is utilized to enhance service capabilities, integrating functions such as information collection, review, feedback, communication, and monitoring, leveraging technology to better understand and meet enterprise needs [5]. Group 5: Problem Resolution - A coordinated process for resolving financing issues has been established, with a focus on addressing challenges faced by enterprises with insufficient operating time, lack of collateral, or non-compliant financial statements, resulting in 25 cases being resolved with a total credit amount of 49.216 million yuan [5].

Core Viewpoint - Zhejiang Province has issued the "Action Plan for Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of High-Quality Enterprises (2025-2027)", outlining clear goals and key tasks to promote high-quality development of enterprises in the region [1][2]. Group 1: Goals and Targets - By 2027, the plan aims for 63,000 industrial enterprises above a designated size, 42,000 innovative small and medium-sized enterprises, 18,000 specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises, 2,500 "little giant" enterprises, 300 manufacturing champions, and 150 "eagle" enterprises [2][3]. Group 2: Strategies for Enterprise Cultivation - The plan emphasizes a multi-dimensional and tiered enterprise cultivation strategy to stimulate innovation and development among various enterprises, particularly focusing on the growth of micro and small enterprises [3][4]. - It includes measures to enhance the entrepreneurial mentor system, improve entrepreneurial guidance, and strengthen the construction of technology-based incubators, while also optimizing company registration processes [3][5]. Group 3: Support for Technology-Driven Enterprises - The plan encourages the use of talent support policies, financial backing for startups, and the acceleration of patent commercialization, alongside hosting innovation competitions with follow-up management for awarded projects [4][6]. - It aims to improve resource utilization efficiency by aggregating quality resources towards high-quality enterprises through land supply, industry fund guidance, and financial support [4][8]. Group 4: Digital Transformation and High-Tech Development - A new round of "small to large" actions will be implemented to support enterprises in reaching regulatory standards, with a focus on digital, intelligent, and green development [5][6]. - The plan promotes tax incentives for R&D expenses and the establishment of a high-tech enterprise cultivation database [5][6]. Group 5: Unicorn and Leading Enterprises - The plan includes the cultivation of unicorn and gazelle enterprises, with mechanisms for tracking major technology projects and supporting their commercialization [6][7]. - It emphasizes the development of listed companies and "chain master" enterprises, enhancing services for enterprise listings and promoting the establishment of new research institutions [6][8]. Group 6: Government and Financial Support - The plan highlights the role of government industry funds in attracting venture capital and guiding banks to provide targeted financial support [8]. - It aims to significantly improve enterprise quality and optimize industrial structure in the coming years, providing a model for national economic development [8].

Group 1 - Liaoning Province is optimizing policy supply and strengthening financial support to address the financing difficulties and high costs faced by small and micro enterprises [1] - The province has implemented a series of tax reduction and fee exemption policies, including VAT exemptions for small-scale taxpayers and income tax reductions for small and micro enterprises [1] - A total of 320 billion yuan in new financing guarantee business has been added to the re-guarantee system this year, benefiting over 36,000 small and micro enterprises and individual businesses [1] Group 2 - The government procurement policy reform in Liaoning has created a combination model of "price deduction discounts + reserved quotas + financing guarantees + contract prepayment and deposit exemptions" to support small and micro enterprises [2] - A total of 15.5 billion yuan in prepayments has been established for small and micro enterprises, along with 4 billion yuan in exemptions for bid guarantees [2] - Liaoning has allocated 0.98 billion yuan in special funds for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, supporting high-quality development of "specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative" enterprises [2]

Core Insights - The "Inclusive Finance - Micro and Small Enterprises Index" indicates a continuous improvement in the business environment for micro and small enterprises by Q2 2025, with stable funding supply and increased financial service accessibility and satisfaction [1][2] Group 1: Financing Conditions - The financing supply index for micro and small enterprises reached 205.10 points in Q2 2025, reflecting a month-on-month increase of 3.43% [1] - The financing demand index decreased to 111.86 points, showing a significant month-on-month decline of 24.81 points [1] - There was a notable increase in the demand for liquidity supplement funds of 100,000 yuan and below [1] Group 2: Business Development Indicators - The Inclusive Finance - Micro Development Index remained stable at 52.37 points in Q2 2025, with a month-on-month increase of 0.50%, surpassing the 50-point threshold [1] - The order index stood at 40.60 points, reflecting a month-on-month increase of 0.20% [1] - The micro business index was recorded at 57.84 points, with a month-on-month rise of 0.18%, and the policy environment index increased to 51.61 points, up by 0.87% [1] Group 3: Service Quality and Satisfaction - The service availability index was reported at 197.51 points, showing a month-on-month decrease of 0.57% [2] - The service quality index improved to 111.41 points, with a month-on-month increase of 0.94%, and the satisfaction index rose to 107.33 points, reflecting a month-on-month increase of 1.09% [2] - Overall, the quality of financial services for micro and small enterprises has improved, leading to enhanced satisfaction levels [2]

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The report discusses the economic landscape in China, focusing on liquidity, anti-involution measures, and consumer promotion as key drivers of market sentiment improvement [6][19]. Core Insights and Arguments 1. **Policy Measures for Consumption**: The government has introduced a total of 1.8 trillion RMB (1,300 billion RMB for childbirth subsidies and 500 billion RMB for personal consumption and service sector loans) to stimulate consumer spending [6][9]. 2. **Social Security Policy Tightening**: Short-term execution of social security policies will be more flexible, with deeper reforms to be gradually implemented [6][18]. 3. **Weak Demand and Deflation**: The exploration to break deflation remains challenging, with upstream price increases expected to occur in the coming months, potentially squeezing downstream profits [6][19]. 4. **Trade Risks**: While trade risks are not fully resolved, China can leverage its dominance in key raw materials to manage these risks [6][20]. 5. **Loan Subsidy Policies**: The government has implemented interest subsidies for personal consumption loans and loans for service sector businesses, with a subsidy rate of 1% [9][10]. 6. **Impact on Consumer Loans**: The total potential amount benefiting from the subsidy policy for personal consumption loans is estimated at 12 trillion RMB, which could increase the growth rate of consumer loans by 1-2 percentage points [9][10]. 7. **Profit Margin Outlook**: Upstream prices have shown a rebound, with the Producer Price Index (PPI) improving from -0.4% in June to -0.2% in July, while downstream prices remain weak [10][13]. 8. **Government Enforcement of Social Insurance**: New judicial interpretations mandate that small and micro enterprises must enroll employees in social insurance, potentially increasing their annual burden by 1.3-1.6 trillion RMB [17][18]. 9. **Economic Growth Outlook**: Short-term economic data is expected to remain resilient, but a slowdown in growth is anticipated in the second half of the year due to various factors [19][21]. Additional Important Content - **Rebalancing Progress**: The report emphasizes that while the direction of policies is correct, the pace of implementation is slow [6][8]. - **Inflation and Credit Data**: Inflation and credit data are expected to be supported by low base effects in the coming months [19][21]. - **Potential Disruptions**: The report identifies two main risks that could disrupt the positive narrative regarding re-inflation and the market: a significant decline in economic growth or corporate profits, and unexpected escalation in US-China trade tensions [19][20]. This summary encapsulates the key points and insights from the conference call, providing a comprehensive overview of the current economic situation and policy measures in China.

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news is that Ulanqab City is actively promoting financial support for enterprises, particularly through innovative financing models and collaboration with banks to address financing challenges faced by businesses [1][2][3][4] - Jitie Ferroalloy Co., a leading enterprise in the ferroalloy industry, has successfully utilized the "1+N" supply chain financing model, which has enabled over 10 upstream companies to secure loans, enhancing their bargaining power [1] - Ulanqab City has implemented a comprehensive financial assistance strategy, including establishing a financing demand push mechanism and conducting regular financial matching events, resulting in a total loan issuance of 1.322 billion yuan [1][2] Group 2 - The city has upgraded its services by organizing financial service teams to conduct direct visits to key enterprises, ensuring that financial policies and support reach the market effectively [2] - Ulanqab City has introduced innovative guarantee models, such as the "Smart Livestock Loan" and "Smart Inventory Loan," which have provided 51 million yuan in loans to 11 enterprises, addressing collateral shortages for small and micro enterprises [3] - The city has launched targeted financial service plans for specific industries, including the ferroalloy and potato industries, facilitating a total of 5.042 billion yuan in financing for the ferroalloy sector and implementing a "Pledge Model" for the potato industry [4]

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government has issued a notification to enhance employment stability through a comprehensive policy framework aimed at stabilizing employment, enterprises, markets, and expectations, reflecting the high priority given to employment issues by the central government [1] Group 1: Employment Stability Measures - The notification includes 19 measures to support employment, emphasizing the importance of stable jobs for income growth and consumer spending, which are crucial for economic stability [1] - The central government prioritizes employment stability as a response to external uncertainties, indicating a strategic focus on high-quality development [1] Group 2: Financial Support for Enterprises - The policy aims to improve financing access for small and micro enterprises by expanding the scope of special loans and enhancing cooperation between government and banks, with credit limits raised to 50 million yuan for small enterprises and 1 million yuan for individuals [2] - A significant increase in unemployment insurance refunds is introduced, with small and micro enterprises receiving a refund rate of 90% and large enterprises 50%, providing immediate cash flow relief [2] - Incentives for job creation include subsidies for enterprises hiring key demographics, with a one-time subsidy of up to 1,500 yuan for hiring unemployed youth aged 16 to 24 [2] Group 3: Focus on Small and Micro Enterprises - Small and micro enterprises are identified as key beneficiaries of the policy, contributing over 80% of urban employment and facing challenges such as financing difficulties and low risk resilience [3] - Financial management departments have implemented differentiated support for small enterprises, including reduced risk weights for loans and expanded financing channels [4] Group 4: Policy Implementation and Collaboration - The effectiveness of the policies is beginning to show, with the urban unemployment rate stabilizing at 5.2% from January to May, and increased job demand in emerging sectors [4] - Successful implementation requires collaboration among various stakeholders, including government departments, financial institutions, enterprises, and workers, to ensure that policies translate into sustainable employment growth [4]

Core Viewpoint - The National Financial Regulatory Administration, along with several other government bodies, has issued measures to enhance financing for small and micro enterprises, focusing on increasing financing supply, reducing costs, improving efficiency, and ensuring precise support [1][2][3]. Group 1: Increasing Financing Supply - The measures emphasize the establishment of a coordination mechanism to support small and micro enterprises, directing resources towards key sectors such as foreign trade, private enterprises, technology, and consumption [1]. - There will be an increase in the issuance of first loans, credit loans, medium to long-term loans, corporate loans, and loans to private enterprises [1]. Group 2: Reducing Financing Costs - Banks are guided to strengthen loan pricing management and rationally determine loan interest rates for small and micro enterprises [2]. - The measures include reducing additional loan fees and addressing illegal intermediary practices in the financial sector [2]. Group 3: Improving Financing Efficiency - The development of online loans will be promoted, with banks encouraged to utilize technology to enhance credit approval and risk management processes [2]. - The measures aim to streamline loan application materials and optimize approval processes for offline loans [2]. Group 4: Ensuring Precise Support - Financial support will be strengthened for key sectors, including specialized and innovative small and micro enterprises [2]. - Activities such as "one month, one chain" will be organized to promote financing for small and micro enterprises nationwide [2]. Group 5: Implementing Regulatory Policies - Regular evaluations of banks' services to small and micro enterprises will be conducted, ensuring compliance with due diligence and accountability standards [2]. - The establishment of a mechanism for inclusive finance will be emphasized, with performance assessments and internal pricing incentives [2]. Group 6: Strengthening Risk Management - The measures include revising the risk classification methods for small and micro enterprise loans and simplifying classification processes [3]. - Banks will be guided to allocate more resources towards writing off loans for small and micro enterprises [3]. Group 7: Enhancing Policy Support - The development of a high-quality government financing guarantee system will be promoted to support small and micro enterprises [3]. - Policies related to credit information sharing and credit repair for small and micro enterprises will be advanced [3]. Group 8: Organizational Implementation - Each department is tasked with formulating detailed policy guidelines and ensuring the effective implementation of these measures by banks [3].