证券研究报告 | 宏观定期报告 2025 年 11 月 24 日 明年再通胀的需求动力来自于哪儿？ 显微镜下的中国经济（2025 年第 44 期） 频率：每周 中小学生放春秋假就是创造消费场景，拉动居民消费的新尝试。 风险提示：地缘政治风险、国内政策落地不及预期、全球衰退及主要经济体货 币政策超预期。 定期报告 相关报告 1、《静待花开——宏观与大类 资产周报》2025-11-23 2、《俄乌和谈再次启动？—— —国际时政周评》2025-11-23 3、《中小学生春秋假的政策意 义 — 显 微 镜 下 的 中 国 经 济 （2025 年第 43 期）》2025-11- 18 张一平 S1090513080007 zhangyiping@cmschina.com.cn 张静静 S1090522050003 zhangjingjing@cmschina.com.cn 敬请阅读末页的重要说明 再通胀是明年国内经济和资本市场的核心逻辑。如果明年确能结束 2023 年 2 季度以来的价格弱势，那么当前股强债弱的格局将继续演绎。市场对于再 通胀的主要质疑在于，如果没有需求配合，仅靠反内卷在供给侧做文章，价 格回升并不能持 ...

夯实高估值基础 对于2026年的宏观展望，金玥珏持积极看法，认为整体的环境仍然利好风险资产，其背后主要有三大因 素支撑。 首先，以美国为主的全球消费者和家庭资产负债表总体比较健康，为经济提供了稳定基础；其次，美联 储货币政策的路径日益清晰，预计今年到明年上半年大概率还有降息，整体对于风险资产是一个利好支 持的作用；最后，从财政刺激的角度来看，相关法案的效果预计将持续到明年，或为经济提供进一步提 振。 针对市场普遍担心的估值风险，金玥珏也给出了解读。她指出，估值的高低不能孤立看待，必须与企业 的盈利前景相结合进行分析。而摩根资产管理对于企业盈利的态度较为乐观，尤其看好AI新浪潮驱动 下的现金流稳定与盈利增长。 进入2025年第四季度，市场对于明年的宏观环境与资产配置方向愈发关注。 近期，摩根资产管理多资产解决方案亚洲联席主席金玥珏在接受证券时报记者采访时表示，从现在到未 来6至18个月的战术配置周期来看，全球宏观环境仍有利于风险资产表现，背后主要有三大正面因素支 撑：健康的消费者资产负债表、美联储逐步宽松的货币政策预期以及财政刺激的持续作用，盈利增长的 韧性与风险因素的逐步明朗化，或为风险资产提供上行空间。 在 ...

Core Viewpoint - The macro environment is favorable for risk assets in the upcoming 6 to 18 months, supported by three main factors: healthy consumer balance sheets, expectations of gradual monetary easing by the Federal Reserve, and ongoing fiscal stimulus [1][2] Group 1: Macro Environment - The global consumer and household balance sheets, particularly in the U.S., are generally healthy, providing a stable foundation for the economy [2] - The Federal Reserve's monetary policy path is becoming clearer, with expectations of potential interest rate cuts in the near future, which is beneficial for risk assets [2] - Fiscal stimulus effects from relevant legislation are expected to continue into next year, providing further economic support [2] Group 2: Corporate Earnings Outlook - The company maintains an optimistic view on corporate earnings, particularly driven by the AI wave, which is expected to stabilize cash flows and promote earnings growth [2] - Valuation should be analyzed in conjunction with corporate earnings prospects, rather than in isolation [2] Group 3: Asset Allocation Strategy - The asset allocation strategy includes a slightly positive outlook on equities, with a focus on diversification and balance to capture opportunities from themes like AI, re-inflation, and domestic demand [1][3] - In the U.S. equity market, the team prefers large-cap stocks with stable cash flows and high asset quality, particularly in the communications and technology sectors reflecting AI themes [3] - Outside the U.S., Japan and emerging markets, especially Chinese A-shares and Hong Kong stocks, are highlighted as interesting markets due to fiscal stimulus and improved corporate governance [3][4] Group 4: Focus on China - The multi-asset team has been focusing on the Chinese stock market (A-shares + Hong Kong stocks) since the beginning of the year, viewing it as a reasonable valuation alternative to the U.S. market [4][5] - The long-term outlook for the Chinese stock market is positive, with an investment horizon of 6 to 18 months, rather than a short-term trading opportunity [5] Group 5: Risk Management - The current market valuation is relatively high, leading to increased market volatility, making risk control and volatility management equally important as pursuing returns [5] - Despite high valuations, the low corporate leverage and default rates, along with manageable refinancing pressures, provide a solid foundation for the market [5] - The investment strategy emphasizes diversification across regions and themes to smooth investment returns [5]

Core Insights - The market index is experiencing continued fluctuations at relatively high levels, with investors focusing on fundamental improvements and economic conditions following the third-quarter reports [1] - The technology sector is undergoing a structural correction, with market trends expanding towards upstream resource industries [1] - Recent CPI and PPI data for October have shown a rebound, influenced by low base effects and positive impacts from "anti-involution" measures [1] - The narrative of "re-inflation" is expected to alleviate pressure from high valuations, as price levels align with corporate profits and inventory cycles [1] - The upcoming release of monetary credit and real economy data is anticipated, with preliminary October PMI and export figures indicating a marginal economic slowdown [1] - Expectations for policy easing ahead of the December Political Bureau meeting are likely to enhance market risk appetite [1] - Current market disturbances are primarily driven by concerns over excessive AI capital expenditures overseas, though overall risks remain localized rather than systemic [1] - The market is likely to continue a pattern of oscillation and gradual upward movement [1]

在美国主流叙事中，美国的国家信用似乎坚如磐石。然而，加州大学洛杉矶分校经济史学教授Sebastian Edwards所著的《美国违约》（American Default）一书，揭开了一段颠覆大众认知的历史： 在20世纪30年代大萧条最严重的时刻，美国政府在时任总统富兰克林·罗斯福的领导下，通过一系列激 进甚至备受争议的手段，单方面废除了所有公共和私人债务合同中的"黄金条款"，实质上构成了大规模 债务违约。 1929年至1932年间，美国陷入了史无前例的经济灾难——大萧条。物价暴跌是这场危机最具破坏性的特 征之一，它触发了"债务—通缩"的恶性循环。新上任的总统罗斯福认为，打破通缩的关键在于实现美元 的"再通胀"，即提升国内物价水平。而最直接的方式，就是让美元与黄金脱钩并大幅贬值。其背后的经 济学逻辑在于：在金本位制度下，国际可贸易商品（如棉花、小麦）虽以各国货币标价，但这些货币的 价值都与黄金挂钩，因此黄金实际上是共同的计价标准。当美国宣布美元对黄金贬值时，意味着同样数 量的黄金要用更多美元才能购买，以美元计价的商品价格也会相应上升，从而带来物价回升。 1991年，为了终结恶性通胀，阿根廷政府采取了一种固定汇率 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Report's Core View - The price center of Shanghai Copper is expected to move up as the financial and commodity attributes of copper resonate. The copper market in October 2025 showed a collective upward trend, with both LME Copper and Shanghai Copper hitting record highs. The inflow of funds into the copper market and the repair of the copper - gold ratio drove the price increase. In the fourth quarter, the macro - level is favorable for copper prices, and the supply - demand pattern will turn to supply - weak and demand - strong, which is expected to push the price of Shanghai Copper to continuously set new historical highs [8][122]. Summary by Directory 1. Global Macro and Copper Market - **Domestic Macro Policy**: China's GDP in the first three quarters of 2025 was 1015036 billion yuan, with a year - on - year increase of 5.2%. The manufacturing industry showed good growth, and the profit of industrial enterprises increased significantly. The manufacturing PMI is expected to break through the boom - bust line in the fourth quarter. The "15th Five - Year Plan" emphasizes the importance of copper in future industries. The Fed's new round of interest - rate cuts provides conditions for China's macro - policy to exert force again in the fourth quarter, which is generally favorable for copper prices [13][14]. - **Domestic Re - inflation Logic**: Since the third quarter, the macro - level has shifted to trading the re - inflation logic. Although the real - estate data is weak, copper and the CSI 300 index continue to rise. With the Fed's interest - rate cuts, the re - inflation logic is expected to be further strengthened, which is beneficial to copper prices [17]. - **US Manufacturing**: The US manufacturing industry is expanding at an accelerating pace and is about to enter the inventory - replenishment cycle. The US has a large potential for copper demand growth in the future, and its market increment will be the main marginal variable affecting copper prices [23]. 2. Copper Supply Situation Analysis - **Mine - end Supply**: Globally, the supply of copper mines has been loose since the second quarter but showed a turning point in September. The accident at the Grasberg copper mine in Indonesia will affect the supply. It is expected that the global copper concentrate output will increase by about 2% in 2025, with a gap of about 300,000 metal tons. The supply shortage at the mine end will be transmitted to the smelting end, and the domestic refined copper output is expected to decline in the fourth quarter [28][35]. - **Refined Copper Production**: Although the supply of domestic copper concentrates has been tight this year, the output of electrolytic copper increased in the first half of the year and reached a historical high in the third quarter. However, in September, the output decreased due to factors such as increased maintenance and shortage of anode supply. It is expected that the output will continue to decline in the fourth quarter [37]. - **Scrap Copper and Anode Supply**: The spread between refined and scrap copper has widened, and the supply of scrap - produced anodes is tight, which restricts the output of electrolytic copper. The import of scrap copper from the US has decreased, and the production of scrap - copper rods has decreased, further affecting the supply of anodes [43]. - **Electrolytic Copper Trade**: In 2025, the export and import of electrolytic copper in China changed due to the US tariff policy. After the US imposed a 50% tariff on semi - finished copper products, the export of electrolytic copper decreased, and the import increased. It is expected that the export will further decline in the fourth quarter, while the import may continue to rise moderately [46]. 3. Copper Demand Situation Analysis - **Domestic Copper Products Output**: The output of domestic copper products was strong in the first three quarters, and it is expected to reach a new high in the fourth quarter. The output of copper rods increased significantly, while the output of copper tubes, copper bars, and copper strips showed different trends. The output of copper foils increased against the trend, and the demand for power grid investment remained high [52]. - **Specific Demand Sectors**: - **Copper Rods**: The output of electrolytic copper rods showed a strong performance in the peak season, and it is expected to reach a high in the fourth quarter, but the downstream cable enterprises'开工 has declined [55]. - **Copper Tubes**: The output of copper tubes decreased in the second quarter and reached the lowest in August. Although it increased slightly in September, the demand in October was not as expected, and the demand in the fourth quarter is expected to be neutral [58]. - **Copper Bars**: The demand for copper bars has been at a low level throughout the year, mainly due to the weak real - estate market and high copper prices. It is expected that the demand will decline year - on - year [61]. - **Copper Strips**: The output of copper strips was lower than the average in the third quarter, and it is expected to increase slightly in the fourth quarter [64]. - **Copper Foils**: The output of copper foils increased against the trend in the third quarter, and the peak - season characteristics were prominent in October. It is expected that the output will continue to increase [71]. - **Power Grid and Power Supply Investment**: The power grid investment is expected to maintain a high growth rate in the fourth quarter, while the power supply investment has slowed down, and the copper demand from the power supply end is expected to decline [74]. - **Real - Estate**: The real - estate investment has not improved significantly and remains a drag on copper consumption [77]. - **Household Appliances**: The demand for household appliances declined in the third quarter, and it is expected to pick up in the fourth quarter [80]. - **New Energy Vehicles**: The output of new energy vehicles maintained high growth, and the future demand for AI - related copper will contribute to the incremental demand [83]. 4. Copper Inventory Change Analysis - In the first half of 2025, the global copper inventory decreased, and the structural contradiction was prominent. In the third quarter, the inventory of the three major exchanges increased, mainly in the US market. In October, the total inventory of the three major exchanges continued to increase, and the structural contradiction was further highlighted. The high inventory in the US is difficult to flow out in the short term, while the non - US inventory is at a low level, which will drive the copper price up in the fourth quarter [88]. 5. Global Copper Supply - Demand Balance - In 2025, the global copper supply - demand structure is tighter than in 2024, and the supply gap is expected to exceed 300,000 metal tons. The refined copper was in a state of oversupply in the first half of the year, and it is expected to turn to supply falling short of demand in the fourth quarter. The global electrolytic copper output is expected to increase by about 3% in 2025, while the demand growth rate is expected to exceed 4%, and the excess scale is expected to narrow [92][95]. 6. Copper Position Analysis - In the third quarter, the total position of COMEX copper futures and options increased, and the net long position increased slightly. The long - position of LME copper investment funds increased in October, which is consistent with the upward trend of copper prices [101]. 7. Arbitrage Analysis - **Copper Shanghai - London Ratio**: In the first half of the year, the Shanghai - London ratio of copper decreased, and it is expected to continue to decline in the fourth quarter. - **Copper - Zinc Ratio**: The copper - zinc ratio has continued to rise this year and reached a 10 - year high. It is expected to continue to rise in the remaining time of the year [106]. 8. Copper Option Market - The implied volatility of copper options has risen to the highest level this year, and it is suitable to sell options. It is recommended to construct a strategy of selling slightly out - of - the - money put options to collect premiums [111]. 9. Copper Market Outlook and Operation Suggestions - **Technical Analysis**: The monthly line of the Shanghai Copper main contract has broken through, and the short - term may have fluctuations near the 90,000 - yuan integer mark. Once it breaks through, it will open up a new upward space. - **Market Outlook and Suggestions**: The commodity and metal attributes of copper are expected to drive the price up. In the fourth quarter, the price is mainly driven by the supply side, and the demand is expected to be better than in the third quarter. It is recommended that downstream demanders conduct long - hedging operations in the far - month contracts, and consider selling slightly out - of - the - money put options or constructing a short - straddle strategy in the option market [120][122].

Group 1 - The current index level is not as critical as the underlying quality of the market, with structural opportunities still present despite a focus on timing being less important [1] - The overall growth is entering a recovery phase, with improvements in net profit margins across various sectors, indicating a broadening of growth prospects [2] - The market is expected to experience a period of horizontal adjustment, suggesting a temporary pause in aggressive investment strategies [4] Group 2 - The recent U.S.-China trade discussions have alleviated external uncertainties, contributing to a favorable policy environment for the A-share market [5] - The focus is shifting towards internal structural optimization, with an emphasis on sectors like AI and cyclical industries that are expected to perform well in the coming year [7] - The market is likely to see a rotation in investment themes, with a potential focus on sectors benefiting from domestic demand and global supply chain dynamics [9] Group 3 - The technology sector remains a key focus, although there may be increased volatility in the short term due to high allocation levels and potential shifts in investment strategies [10] - The outlook for the market remains optimistic in the medium to long term, supported by clear economic growth targets and stable policy environments [8] - The recovery in profitability is expected to solidify the bull market, with a focus on sectors that can leverage both domestic and international opportunities [11][12]

Core Viewpoint - Wells Fargo predicts a comprehensive rally in the U.S. stock market before the end of the year, with various risk assets expected to rise in tandem, driven by multiple market positives [1] Summary by Categories Market Predictions - The S&P 500 index is forecasted to reach 7100 points by the end of this year, influenced by seasonal effects, AI investment momentum, favorable policies, and consumer stimulation [1] Investment Themes - The analysis team, led by Ohsung Kwon, is optimistic about high-yield bonds, high-beta stocks, small-cap stocks with high AI capital expenditures, and re-inflation trading themes [1] Bullish Reasons - Five key bullish reasons are highlighted: 1. A rebound in lagging stocks 2. AI capital expenditures are expected to deliver surprises again 3. The U.S. Supreme Court is anticipated to review challenges to tariff measures under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) 4. Tax incentives from the Inflation Reduction Act 5. Historical data shows that the S&P 500 index averages a 2.6% increase one month after government re-openings [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that "precise drip irrigation" is systematically replacing "flood irrigation" in macroeconomic regulation, as evidenced by recent policy tools aimed at specific sectors like digital economy and artificial intelligence [1][2]. Group 1: Macroeconomic Policy Changes - The new macroeconomic policy logic focuses on "precise drip irrigation" rather than traditional "flood irrigation," with recent initiatives including consumption and technology innovation relending [2][3]. - The establishment of 500 billion yuan in new policy financial tools targeting eight key areas reflects this new paradigm [2][3]. - The goal of stabilizing the real estate market is a clear demand of current counter-cyclical adjustments, which aligns with long-term structural transformation objectives [2][4]. Group 2: Focus on Quality and Efficiency - During the "15th Five-Year Plan," the emphasis will be on the "precision" and "new channels" of policy rather than merely the scale of investment [3][5]. - The shift from "investment in things" to "investment in people" in fiscal policy aims to boost consumer confidence and enhance the multiplier effect of fiscal spending [5][6]. - Policies will increasingly prioritize quality and efficiency, with structural monetary policy tools introduced to support technology innovation and expand consumption [5][6]. Group 3: Real Estate Market Dynamics - The real estate market is experiencing a shift from total shortage to a balance, with a focus on improving housing quality rather than merely increasing quantity [7][9]. - The current downward pressure on housing prices, as indicated by a 1% month-on-month decline in major cities, necessitates further policy adjustments to stabilize the market [8][10]. - The role of real estate developers is transitioning from builders to operators and service providers, reflecting a broader change in the industry towards high-quality development [9][10]. Group 4: Consumer Spending and Income Growth - Sustainable growth in consumer spending hinges on improving income levels and reducing burdens, with a focus on enhancing the wage growth mechanism and social security systems [11][12]. - The article highlights that one-time subsidies have less impact on consumption compared to stable income growth, emphasizing the need for policies that promote long-term income increases [11][12]. - The potential for foreign capital to return to China is contingent not only on marginal improvements in fundamentals but also on the successful implementation of re-inflation and nominal growth strategies [12][14]. Group 5: Investment Opportunities in New Sectors - Emerging sectors such as green economy, digital economy, and advanced manufacturing are expected to become the new "cyclical" leaders, differing from traditional assets due to ongoing technological innovation [14][15]. - The photovoltaic industry is highlighted as having cyclical characteristics, with potential for recovery as the market stabilizes and regulatory frameworks improve [14][15]. - The "Hefei model" serves as a successful example of how strategic investment in new industries can drive asset price growth, emphasizing the importance of government and private sector collaboration [15].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes that "precise drip irrigation" is systematically replacing "flood irrigation" in macroeconomic regulation, reflecting a shift in policy logic [2][3] - The establishment of new policy financial tools, including 500 billion yuan directed towards digital economy and artificial intelligence, exemplifies this new paradigm [2][6] - The goal of stabilizing the real estate market is a clear demand for counter-cyclical adjustment, which aligns with long-term structural transformation objectives [3][10] Group 2 - The "15th Five-Year Plan" focuses on "quality improvement and efficiency enhancement" rather than merely pursuing growth speed, indicating a commitment to high-quality development [4] - Short-term stimulus and long-term reform should work in tandem to stabilize expectations and boost confidence in the economy [4][10] - The emphasis on "precision" and "new channels" in policy is more critical than sheer scale, with a shift from "investment in things" to "investment in people" in fiscal policy [5][10] Group 3 - The real estate market's new situation reflects a significant change in supply-demand relationships, transitioning from quantity shortages to structural supply deficiencies [8] - The need for sustainable domestic demand growth is highlighted, with a focus on increasing residents' income and reducing burdens as fundamental reforms [7][15] - The role of real estate developers is evolving from "developers" to "operators" and "service providers," emphasizing the importance of quality and service in the industry [11][19] Group 4 - The potential for foreign capital to return to China is contingent not only on marginal improvements in fundamentals but also on the ability to achieve re-inflation and reshape nominal growth [16] - The current economic environment suggests that traditional sectors like real estate and infrastructure may face fundamental changes in their profit models and growth ceilings [19][20] - New sectors highlighted in the "15th Five-Year Plan," such as green low-carbon and digital economy, are expected to become the main drivers of the new cycle, differing from old cycle assets due to ongoing technological innovation [20][21]