（原标题：引力一号实现第二次海上发射，中国星链冲刺提速） 21世纪经济报道记者 彭新 东方空间总经理彭昊旻此前接受媒体采访时提及，比起目前国内主流火箭，引力一号发射成本已降低 30-40%。东方空间还称，作为目前投入运营的运力最大的火箭，引力一号率先满足我国规模化低轨星 座组网发射需求。 目前，我国低轨星座组网已进入密集部署窗口期。2024年中国完成68次轨道发射。进入2025年，根据泰 伯智库发布的2025年上半年中国商业航天产业进展数据年报，截至今年6月，我国完成35次火箭发射任 务，在下半年，卫星组网频率进一步加快。但与低轨星座批量上天的节奏相比，运力与组织仍需扩容与 提效，呈现"星多箭少"供需现状。 值得一提的是，东方空间正在加速研制"引力二号"大型液氧煤油火箭，目前已完成方案设计。相比"引 力一号"，"引力二号"具有运载能力大、性价比高等特点，其运载能力进一步提高至15吨（500千米太阳 同步轨道），可携带30颗500公斤重的卫星上天，同时将成本进一步降低。 其中，支撑"引力二号"的"原力-110"百吨级液氧煤油发动机，海平面推力达110吨，是当前中国商业航 天领域推力最大的液体火箭发动机，也是"引 ...

2025年10月11日，黄海之滨，烟台海阳。 发射前一日，这里已弥漫着航天气息。滨海中路的酒店客房早早客满，"大多数客人都是为观看火箭发 射而来。"一位前台工作人员表示。距离酒店不远的海面上，"东方航天港号"发射船已就位，静待次日 的重要时刻。 烟波浩渺，一色海天。连理岛和万米金滩上，所有人的目光都聚焦于不远处那艘伫立在海天之间的发射 船。船上，"引力一号（遥二）·海澜之家（600398）号"运载火箭如同白色的巨塔，静待一声令下。 "5，4，3，2，1，点火！" 上午10时20分，橘红色的火焰磅礴喷发，推动火箭拔地而起。紧接着巨大的轰鸣声撕裂长空的寂静，伴 随火箭冲向云霄。10分钟后，载荷顺利入轨的消息传来，指挥中心和观礼现场爆发出热烈的掌声。 这10分钟，是"引力一号"又一次成功的飞行。 这10分钟，对于山东而言，更是发起全面建设商业航天产业大省的冲锋号角。 同日，山东省商业航天产业创新发展会议在海阳举行，这是山东首次在省级层面召开商业航天会议，全 方位展示了山东发展商业航天的雄心与蓝图。 6公里半径内搞定火箭发射全流程 海阳，这座曾以"地雷战"和"亚沙会"闻名的滨海小城，如今正以"东方航天港"的崭新名片丰 ...

天上有星、陆上有箭、海上有船、空中有网，烟台打造千亿级商业航天产业集群 向海问天，航天新锐正崛起 碧波之上，晨光熹微。"引力一号（遥二）·海澜之家号"运载火箭静静矗立在黄海海域的发射平台 上，引弓待发。 10月11日上午，我国太原卫星发射中心将在山东海阳附近海域使用该运载火箭发射3颗卫星。作为 全球最大固体运载火箭，这将是"引力一号"的第二次苍穹远征，也是东方航天港保障的第20次海上发 射。 谈起我国航天发射中心，过去我们熟知的是酒泉、太原、西昌，随后海南文昌成为新晋成员。如 今，烟台海阳成为耀眼的新星。作为我国首个海上发射母港，东方航天港的崛起，成为我国航天发射能 力图谱中至关重要的一块拼图。 "引力一号"由东方空间（山东）科技有限公司自主研制，自去年1月首飞以来，已经创下了多项纪 录。该火箭具备6.5吨近地轨道运载能力，支持一箭多星发射，将显著提升我国中低轨卫星的规模化发 射能力。 发射母港保障有力 从2019年长征十一号以"一箭七星"完成我国首次海上发射，到如今"引力一号（遥二）"苍穹远征， 烟台商业航天领域"高光时刻"不断涌现，特别是今年8月以来，东方航天港已密集完成多次海上发射任 务。捷龙三号遥六、 ...

东方空间研制的首型火箭"引力一号"经过3年的高效研制，于2024年1月11日从东方航天港登船，在烟台 海阳海上首飞成功。首飞后成为全球最大固体运载火箭、国内民商最大火箭。 "我们在火箭研制过程中，进行了许多尝试和创新。"彭昊旻说，在"引力"系列火箭设计之初，将箭体结 构模块化——统一了火箭芯级与助推器的直径、将固体助推器与芯级发动机的接口标准化，这种标准化 设计，可以支持生产环节中集中备料和快速批量化制造，也可以根据未来任务需求灵活调节配置，像火 箭像积木一样，大大提升了"引力"系列火箭生产效率；研发的充气式防护罩（又称"气膜火箭防护罩"） 是火箭发射保障体系中的一项创新技术。这项技术类似于"充气城堡"，相当于给火箭穿上了"羽绒服"， 替换掉了传统的火箭金属防护服，通过技术创新降低了成本；"引力一号"在"东方航天港"5公里内完成 总装、测试、发射全流程，通过地理集中化与流程集约化，"前店后厂"的发射模式彻底重塑了传统火箭 发射流程，是一项重大模式创新。相比传统陆上发射场，效率提升显著，最高可实现"一周一箭"的发射 频率。 彭昊旻透露，目前，东方空间的第二型"引力二号"大型可回收液氧煤油火箭正在进行方案设计，预 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese commercial space industry is facing a significant bottleneck in rocket launch capacity, which is hindering the deployment of satellite constellations necessary for meeting international regulatory deadlines [1][3][13]. Group 1: Market Demand and Challenges - Shanghai Yuanxin Satellite Technology Co., Ltd. has a rocket launch order with a total budget of 616 million RMB, aimed at supporting its "Qianfan Constellation" satellite network [2]. - The repeated failures in the bidding process for this order highlight the lack of qualified private rocket companies capable of fulfilling large-scale launch contracts [3][4]. - The urgency for satellite companies is underscored by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) rules, which impose strict deadlines for satellite launches to retain orbital and frequency resources [6][8]. Group 2: Current Launch Activity - As of mid-August 2025, China has conducted 35 space launches, a record for the first half of the year, with a notable increase in launch frequency driven by companies like China Star Network [9][11]. - China Star Network completed five network launches in a span of 21 days, successfully deploying 38 satellites using multiple types of rockets [9][10]. Group 3: Industry Dynamics - The commercial satellite market is experiencing a surge in contracts, with companies like Aerospace Hongtu signing a 990 million RMB contract for satellite and ground system procurement [4]. - Despite the high demand for satellite launches, the industry lacks a large-capacity liquid rocket comparable to SpaceX's Falcon 9, which poses a significant challenge for satellite deployment [4][21]. Group 4: Rocket Development and Prospects - The current bidding process by Yuanxin Satellite has revealed a shortage of suppliers capable of providing large-capacity launch services, indicating a critical gap in the market [13][16]. - Three private rocket companies—Tianbing Technology, Blue Arrow Aerospace, and CAS Space—have emerged as potential suppliers for upcoming launches, although none have completed a successful orbital flight yet [27][28]. Group 5: Future Outlook - The industry is witnessing a shift towards developing large-capacity, reusable liquid rockets, with companies like Tianbing Technology and Blue Arrow Aerospace focusing their resources on this goal [24][25]. - The establishment of new launch facilities and the readiness of suppliers for mass production are crucial steps towards addressing the current launch capacity bottleneck [28][29].

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese commercial space industry is facing a significant bottleneck in rocket launch capacity, which is hindering the deployment of satellite constellations despite a growing demand for satellite services [2][4][10]. Group 1: Market Demand and Challenges - A major rocket launch order worth 616 million RMB from Shanghai Yuanxin Satellite Technology Co. has repeatedly failed to attract enough bidders, highlighting the shortage of capable private rocket companies [2][4]. - The total number of satellites planned by Yuanxin's "Qianfan Constellation" and China Star Network's "GW Constellation" has exceeded 30,000, indicating a substantial demand for launch services [3][4]. - The urgency of satellite launches is emphasized by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) rules, which impose strict deadlines for satellite deployment to retain orbital and frequency resources [7][8]. Group 2: Current Launch Capacity - As of mid-2025, the Chinese commercial space sector has not produced a liquid rocket that can match the capabilities of SpaceX's Falcon 9, which poses a challenge for satellite companies needing reliable and cost-effective launch options [4][10]. - The recent bidding process by Yuanxin Satellite revealed that there are not enough qualified suppliers to meet the demand for large-capacity launch services, underscoring the industry's operational limitations [12][18]. Group 3: Potential Solutions and Developments - The market is looking towards several upcoming rockets, such as Tianbing Technology's "Tianlong-3," Blue Arrow Aerospace's "Zhuque-3," and CAS Space's "Lijian-2," which are expected to meet the large-scale constellation deployment needs but have yet to complete their first flights [5][23]. - The infrastructure for high-density launches is being developed, with new launch sites and production capabilities being established to support the anticipated increase in launch frequency [24][25]. - The capital market is becoming more accessible for companies in the commercial space sector, with firms like Blue Arrow Aerospace and CAS Space entering the IPO preparatory phase to secure funding for future growth [25].

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese commercial space industry is facing a significant bottleneck in rocket launch capacity, which is hindering the deployment of satellite constellations necessary for meeting international regulatory deadlines [2][4][11]. Group 1: Market Demand and Challenges - Shanghai Yuanxin Satellite Technology Co., Ltd. has a budget of 616 million RMB for a rocket launch order, but the bidding process has repeatedly failed due to insufficient qualified suppliers [2][12]. - The urgency for satellite companies is heightened by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) rules, which impose strict deadlines for satellite launches to retain orbital and frequency resources [6][7]. - The total number of satellites planned by Yuanxin and another company has exceeded 30,000, indicating a high demand for launch services [3]. Group 2: Current Launch Capacity - Since 2014, China's private rocket companies have struggled to develop a large-capacity liquid launch vehicle comparable to SpaceX's Falcon 9, which limits the ability to meet the growing demand for satellite launches [3][18]. - The recent bidding failures highlight the lack of sufficient private rocket companies capable of providing the necessary launch services [4][13]. Group 3: Industry Developments - The market is looking towards several private companies, such as Tianbing Technology's "Tianlong 3," Blue Arrow Aerospace's "Zhuque 3," and CASIC's "Lijian 2," which are expected to meet the large-scale constellation deployment needs but have not yet completed their first flight tests [4][22]. - The recent procurement process by Yuanxin has seen the inclusion of three private rocket companies in the supplier list, marking a significant milestone for the industry [11][24]. Group 4: Financial and Production Readiness - The commercial space sector is witnessing increased investment and production readiness, with companies like Platinum Technology and Aerospace Technology reporting significant growth in their production capabilities [10][23]. - The capital market is becoming more accessible for commercial space companies, with some entering the IPO preparatory phase to secure funding for future projects [23]. Group 5: Future Outlook - The industry is at a critical juncture, awaiting the successful first flights of several key rockets, which will be essential for launching the planned satellite constellations and fulfilling market demand [24].

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese commercial space industry is facing a significant bottleneck in rocket launch capacity, which is hindering the deployment of satellite constellations necessary for various applications, including internet services and earth observation [1][2][3] Group 1: Market Demand and Challenges - Shanghai Yuanxin Satellite Technology Co., Ltd. has a budget of 616 million RMB for a rocket launch order to support its "Qianfan Constellation" project, but the bidding process has repeatedly failed due to insufficient qualified suppliers [1][2] - The total number of satellites declared by Yuanxin and another company has exceeded 30,000, indicating a high demand for launch services [2] - The urgency is compounded by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) rules, which impose strict deadlines for satellite launches to retain orbital and frequency resources [4][5] Group 2: Current Launch Capacity - The current private rocket companies in China lack a large-capacity liquid rocket comparable to SpaceX's Falcon 9, which limits their ability to meet the growing demand for satellite launches [2][3] - The recent bidding results show that only a few private companies, such as Tianbing Technology and Blue Arrow Aerospace, have the potential to meet the launch requirements, but they have not yet completed their first flight tests [3][10] Group 3: Industry Developments - The market has seen significant contracts, such as a 990 million RMB deal signed by Aerospace Hongtu with an international client, indicating a thriving satellite industry despite the launch capacity issues [2][7] - The launch frequency and capacity of Chinese companies are lagging behind SpaceX, which completed 100 orbital launches in the first eight months of 2025 alone [6][11] Group 4: Future Prospects - The industry is witnessing a shift towards developing large-capacity, reusable liquid rockets, with companies like Tianbing Technology and Blue Arrow Aerospace focusing their resources on this goal [17][18] - The infrastructure for high-density launches is being developed, with new launch sites and facilities being established to support future rocket launches [20][21] - The successful completion of initial flights for the new generation of rockets is critical for the satellite companies to proceed with their deployment plans [18][21]

Core Viewpoint - The recent tender announcement for rocket launch services by China is a significant event in the commercial space industry, with expectations for substantial opportunities and market activity leading up to 2025 [1][2]. Summary by Sections Tender Details - On July 21, a tender was announced for the procurement of rocket launch services, aiming to launch 94 satellites over 7 missions with a total budget of 1.336 billion yuan (1336 million) [2][4]. Market Dynamics - The tender is exclusively for commercial rocket companies, with the Long March series not participating, indicating a shift towards commercial players in the market [4][9]. - The tender's structure, separating it into two packages, reflects an invitation for commercial rocket companies to engage in large-scale satellite networks [4]. Pricing Insights - The tender sets a price cap of 55,000 yuan/kg for 950 km orbit and 50,000 yuan/kg for 800 km orbit, leading to a bid price of 154 million yuan for the ten-satellite launch and 240 million yuan for the eighteen-satellite launch [6][11]. - The high costs associated with commercial launch insurance, which can be 15%-20% of satellite value, may impact the feasibility of bids from commercial rocket companies [7][10]. Technical Requirements - The two packages have different requirements: the first package only allows rockets with prior successful launches, while the second package permits rockets that can commit to a successful first flight by 2025 [12][15]. - Specific rockets like Zhuque-2E and YL-1 are potential candidates for the first package, while Zhuque-3, Lijian-2, and Tianlong-3 are contenders for the second package [13][14]. Strategic Implications - The tender emphasizes reliability and delivery capability, pushing companies to prioritize technological maturity over aggressive innovation [17][19]. - Cost management is crucial for commercial viability, with the tender prices setting a benchmark for industry standards [19]. - The mixed launch model proposed in the tender may establish a collaborative framework for future satellite network deployments, highlighting the importance of both state and private sector contributions [19].

Core Insights - The successful launch of the Zhuque-2 rocket marks a significant milestone for Blue Arrow Aerospace and highlights the rapid development and maturation of China's commercial space industry [1][4] - The growth of China's commercial space sector is driven by a combination of government policy support, market demand, and technological innovation, indicating a strong upward trajectory [2][8] Industry Development - China's commercial space industry is seen as a key driver for high-quality economic development and technological advancement, with policies encouraging private investment in space infrastructure since 2014 [2][8] - The market demand for satellite internet, earth observation, and other emerging applications is surging, leading to explosive growth in the need for cost-effective and reliable commercial launch services [2][3] Market Potential - The global space economy is projected to exceed $1 trillion by 2030, with significant demand for low Earth orbit communication satellites driving the need for launch vehicles [3] - China's commercial space industry is expected to grow from a value of 1 trillion yuan in 2020 to approximately 2.3 trillion yuan by 2024, with a compound annual growth rate of 22.9% [3] Company Achievements - Blue Arrow Aerospace has established itself as a leader in commercial launch services, successfully completing multiple launches and enhancing its rocket technology, including the Zhuque-2's improved thrust and payload compatibility [5][9] - The number of commercial space companies in China has surpassed 500, covering the entire industry chain from rocket launch to satellite manufacturing [6] Investment Landscape - Investment in China's commercial space sector reached 18.1 billion yuan in 2024, with significant funding directed towards satellite internet and rocket launch services [7] - The emergence of unicorn companies in the sector reflects the growing confidence of investors in the long-term value of commercial space ventures [7][9] Future Outlook - The successful operation of the Zhuque-2 rocket and plans for the Zhuque-3, which aims to achieve reusable rocket technology, position Blue Arrow Aerospace as a potential leader in the global space market [9] - The commercial space industry in China is entering a phase of positive feedback loops driven by policy support, technological breakthroughs, and financial collaboration, suggesting a bright future for the sector [9]