中经记者 郝亚娟 夏欣 上海、北京报道 当前，我国普惠金融发展呈现出"量增、面扩、价降、质提"的良好态势。截至2025年三季度末，银行业 金融机构普惠型小微企业贷款余额36.5万亿元，同比增长12.1%。普惠型涉农贷款余额14.1万亿元，较 年初增加1.2万亿元。 中国人民大学中国普惠金融研究院（CAFI）院长贝多广指出，整个金融系统全部参与普惠金融业务， 形成了多元化、多层次、适度竞争的金融供给格局，提供了包括信贷、保险、理财、资本市场等在内的 多样化金融服务。从行业趋势来看，数字普惠金融成为重要推动力，从最初的"鲇鱼效应"逐步变为撬动 行业的"杠杆作用"，对消费者保护、金融健康等方面的认识亦在逐步加深。 第二，巩固提升普惠信贷体系和能力。一是完善普惠信贷管理体系。科学设定监管目标，加强监测督 导。完善监管评价评估机制、信贷政策导向效果评估机制。及时修订普惠信贷监管制度，优化发展环 境、促进可持续发展。二是提升小微企业信贷服务质效。引导银行保持对小微企业有效的增量信贷供 给。提高小微企业融资服务定价管理能力。聚焦重点领域健全专业化服务机制。三是加强"三农"领域信 贷供给。强化农业重点领域金融服务。积极助力构 ...

论坛上重磅发布了《普惠金融：破局与新局》报告。报告中不仅梳理了普惠金融最新政策成果，也展现 了普惠金融从"广覆盖"到"精准化"的关键跨越，更结合普惠信贷、普惠保险、数字普惠等多方实践，探 寻金融服务与薄弱群体需求的适配路径。 如果说银行面临的难题在于"敢不敢放"，那么保险业则更多纠结于"能不能准"，以普惠型医疗险为例， 需要覆盖过往保险产品未覆盖过的人群、事件，因此保险公司在进行精算并对产品定价时，容易缺乏数 据支撑，导致定价不准确。 相较之下，证券业在普惠服务领域的短板，则更多体现在"通不通"和"懂不懂"两个维度上。新三板、区 域性股权市场对专精特新"小巨人"企业的覆盖有限，股权融资服务下沉至县域企业的能力不足；投资者 教育普惠性欠缺，农村地区、中老年群体等对资本市场认知薄弱，易陷入非法证券活动陷阱。 而消费金融行业作为普惠金融的重要补充，在市场竞争加剧的背景下，也陷入了"内卷与风险并存"的两 难境地，部分机构为抢占市场份额，盲目下调贷款利率、放松风控标准，导致"多头借贷""过度授信"问 题凸显。 北京商报记者 刘四红 近年来，消费贷规模持续稳步扩张。2025年三季度末，我国不含个人住房贷款的消费性贷款余额 ...

激发和释放居民购买力，金融大有可为。 有钱才能愿消费、敢消费，是颠扑不破的道理。然而，当前消费市场的供需两端仍面临多重堵点。 需求侧，受宏观经济波动、收入预期不稳等因素影响，"不敢消费""不愿消费"成为不少人的普遍心态；供给侧，消费领域的金融服务仍存断点与盲区，未能 充分匹配市场需求。 做大消费蛋糕，需要让老百姓的钱袋子鼓起来，包括想方设法提高居民财产性收入，也包括让居民消费有充足的金融服务支撑，从而化消费意愿为消费能 力。 从这个角度来说，金融促消费是扩大内需的必要之举。当前，消费市场正经历从规模扩张向品质升级转型，这既需要金融机构加大资源投入，也需要监管部 门出台针对性政策。 从银行机构、消费金融公司推出的普惠信贷与消费分期服务，到保险机构强化民生保障以解除消费后顾之忧，再到支付机构持续优化消费服务体验，各类金 融主体正拧成一股绳，试图"大力出奇迹"，全方位激活消费金融的服务效能。 政策端则构建起协同联动机制，货币政策提供流动性并引导方向，财政政策则通过财政贴息直接减轻消费与金融服务成本，产业政策明确消费升级与养老等 重点领域，有效避免了政策"孤岛效应"，通过"1+1>2"的乘数效应，切实缓解"不敢消费" ...

在这一转型进程中，银行业率先感受到市场变化带来的压力。头部企业覆盖殆尽，首贷户挖掘难度陡增 成为首要挑战；相较银行面临的"敢不敢放"，保险业则更多纠结于"能不能准"，以普惠型医疗险为例， 需要覆盖过往保险产品未覆盖过的人群、事件，因此保险公司在进行精算并对产品定价时，容易缺乏数 据支撑，导致定价不准确；消费金融行业作为普惠金融的重要补充，在市场竞争加剧的背景下，也陷 入"内卷与风险并存"的两难境地，部分机构为抢占市场份额，盲目下调贷款利率、放松风控标准，导 致"多头借贷""过度授信"问题凸显…… 作为服务实体经济的"毛细血管"、助力共同富裕的核心抓手，普惠金融正从"增量扩面"向"提质增效"深 度迈进，成为当前金融领域践行社会责任、激发市场活力的关键议题。 12月11日，由北京商报社主办的北京商业品牌大会金融消费专题论坛在歌华开元酒店正式举办，本届论 坛以"金融新势力创新消费力"为主题，聚焦各大金融机构实践经验、数字化赋能普惠创新，助力打通金 融服务实体经济的"最后一公里"。 当下，我国经济正处于转型升级的关键阶段，小微企业、个体工商户、农村地区及弱势群体的金融需 求，既是实体经济的"痛点"，也是普惠金融的"发 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of stimulating and releasing consumer purchasing power through financial services to enhance domestic demand and drive economic growth [2][7]. Demand Side Challenges - The current consumer market faces multiple challenges on both the demand and supply sides, with many individuals exhibiting a reluctance to consume due to macroeconomic fluctuations and unstable income expectations [2]. - The mindset of "not willing to consume" is prevalent among consumers, indicating a need for financial services to support consumer confidence [2]. Supply Side Issues - There are gaps in financial services within the consumer sector that fail to adequately match market demand, necessitating increased financial support for consumer spending [2]. - Financial institutions, including banks and consumer finance companies, are encouraged to enhance resource allocation and develop targeted policies to support consumption [2]. Financial Services Role - Various financial entities are collaborating to enhance consumer financial services, including inclusive credit offerings and improved consumer experience in payment services [2]. - The article highlights the need for a coordinated policy mechanism where monetary policy provides liquidity and fiscal policy reduces consumer costs through subsidies [2]. Precision in Policy Implementation - The article stresses the importance of "precision" in financial policies to ensure that funds are effectively directed towards consumption rather than being diverted to savings or debt repayment [3][4]. - Targeted subsidies linked to specific consumption scenarios, such as appliance upgrades or electric vehicle purchases, can significantly improve the efficiency of financial policies [4]. Consumer Behavior Shift - Financial services should also guide consumer attitudes towards valuing quality and sustainability in consumption, moving beyond mere desire fulfillment [6]. - The article suggests that financial products like mortgages and consumer loans enable individuals to realize their consumption needs earlier, contributing to economic growth [6]. Strategic Focus - The strategy of financial consumption promotion should balance breadth and depth, shifting from merely increasing consumption volume to enhancing the quality and sustainability of consumption [6][7]. - This approach aligns with the broader goal of supporting high-quality economic development through effective financial services [7].

Core Viewpoint - The ongoing impact of large state-owned banks penetrating into the market is squeezing the survival space of small and medium-sized banks, prompting a need for these banks to redefine their missions within the broader national strategy context. The future of inclusive finance lies beyond credit, encompassing areas such as inclusive insurance, capital markets, and investment management [2][5][12]. Summary by Sections Current State of Inclusive Finance - China's inclusive finance has entered a new stage of high-quality development, characterized by unique and rapid growth since the concept was formally introduced in 2013. Key policies have been established, including the 2015 national strategy for inclusive finance development, which emphasizes government guidance and market leadership [5][6]. - Digital technology plays a crucial role in enhancing efficiency and expanding the reach of inclusive financial services. The development has shifted from a focus on credit to building a more inclusive financial ecosystem [6][12]. Challenges and Responses - Key challenges include addressing the "last mile" issue in various financial service areas, ensuring that different types of banks find their positioning for healthy competition, and enhancing the financial literacy of underserved groups [7][9]. - The differentiation in growth rates among banks is attributed to the ongoing penetration of large banks into rural areas, which has significantly impacted smaller banks [8][9]. Role of Small and Medium-sized Banks - Small and medium-sized banks, particularly rural commercial banks, must clarify their missions in the context of national strategies aimed at high-quality development of inclusive finance and rural revitalization [9][10]. - These banks are essential for achieving social functions and community service, especially in rural areas where they often bear the responsibility of serving the "last mile" [10][11]. Inclusive Financial Ecosystem - The inclusive finance ecosystem should encompass a wide range of financial services, including insurance, investment, and capital markets, to provide fair and responsible services to underserved groups [12][13]. - Inclusive insurance is highlighted as a critical component, targeting groups traditionally excluded from the insurance market, such as low-income individuals and small business owners [13][14]. Innovations in Inclusive Insurance - To overcome challenges in inclusive insurance, strategies include leveraging technology to reduce costs, developing scenario-based products, and utilizing co-insurance and reinsurance to manage high-risk areas [14][15][16]. Development of Financial Asset Investment Companies (AIC) - AICs are emerging as a new approach to address financing challenges for technology-driven small and medium-sized enterprises, but they face challenges such as the need for specialized talent and clear capital management [17][18]. Digital Transformation and Financial Health - The future direction of inclusive finance is towards digital transformation, with a focus on ensuring that technology enhances fairness and inclusivity, particularly for vulnerable groups [19][20].

Core Viewpoint - The implementation plan aims to promote high-quality development of inclusive finance in China, emphasizing the need for a multi-layered, diversified financial service system to meet the diverse financial needs of the public and the real economy [1][2]. Group 1: Implementation Plan Overview - The plan includes six parts and 16 measures focusing on optimizing the inclusive financial service system, enhancing the inclusive credit system, and strengthening the inclusive insurance system [1][2]. - It emphasizes the importance of centralized leadership from the Party and aims to improve the coverage and accessibility of inclusive financial services while reducing overall costs [1]. Group 2: Specific Measures - The plan calls for the establishment of a multi-level, widely covered, and differentiated inclusive financial institution system, particularly improving financial services in rural areas [2]. - It aims to enhance the inclusive credit management system, improve credit services for small and micro enterprises, and increase credit support for agriculture and poverty-stricken areas [2]. - The plan also focuses on developing the inclusive insurance system by promoting specialized mechanisms within insurance companies and expanding the range of inclusive insurance products [2]. Group 3: Organizational Support - Financial management departments and banking institutions are required to strengthen coordination, enhance team building, and leverage digital capabilities to ensure the effective implementation of the plan [2]. - The financial regulatory authorities will actively work to ensure that the major decisions regarding inclusive finance from the Party and the State Council are effectively executed [2].

Group 1 - The "2025 WAIC Artificial Intelligence Financial Leaders Forum" highlighted that the integration of AI and finance is not just about technological development but also involves cognitive, institutional, talent, and ecological restructuring [1] - Shanghai is leveraging AI development opportunities to promote mutual empowerment between the financial sector and AI, with nearly 1,800 licensed financial institutions and foreign financial institutions accounting for nearly one-third [1] - The establishment of national AI industry investment funds and Shanghai AI mother funds has created a capital matrix of over 100 billion, attracting global fintech unicorns and leading financial institutions' tech subsidiaries to Shanghai [1] Group 2 - Agricultural Bank of China is adjusting its labor composition, workflows, and management systems to enhance human-machine collaboration for high-quality business development and effective risk control [2] - JPMorgan Chase emphasizes the need for composite talents and strong learning abilities, highlighting the importance of continuous learning in various scenarios [2] - The integration of AI in finance requires collaboration among industry, technology, and financial application sectors, with supportive environments from government and regulatory bodies being crucial [2]

Core Viewpoint - The implementation plan aims to establish a high-quality comprehensive inclusive financial system over the next five years, promoting common prosperity through optimized inclusive financial services [1] Group 1: Key Work Tasks - The first task is to optimize the inclusive financial service system by establishing a multi-level, widely covered, and differentiated inclusive financial institution system, enhancing financial services in rural areas [2] - The second task focuses on consolidating and enhancing the inclusive credit system and capabilities, improving management systems, and increasing credit supply to small and micro enterprises, especially in agriculture and poverty alleviation [3] - The third task emphasizes strengthening the inclusive insurance system by developing specialized mechanisms, expanding product offerings, and improving service quality for farmers and small enterprises [4]

Core Insights - The central financial work conference in October 2023 highlighted "inclusive finance" as one of the "five major articles" for financial development in China, indicating a significant policy focus on this area [2][3] - The implementation of the "High-Quality Development Plan for Inclusive Finance" by the National Financial Supervision Administration and the People's Bank of China in June 2025 marks a shift from principles to detailed guidelines, accelerating the progress of inclusive finance [4][5] Financial Services - Inclusive finance has become a key driver for economic growth and social equity, with a focus on providing affordable financial services to various social groups, including small and micro enterprises, farmers, and low-income urban residents [3][7] - The People's Bank of China has increased the quota for re-lending to support agriculture and small enterprises, raising the total quota to 3 trillion yuan, with a current interest rate of 1.5% for re-lending [6][7] Insurance Sector - Inclusive insurance is expanding to cover health risks and support rural revitalization, with various projects like "Hui Min Bao" providing affordable health insurance to millions [8][10] - The government is promoting a diverse range of insurance products tailored to the needs of small enterprises and specific groups, enhancing the safety net for vulnerable populations [9][10] Capital Markets - The capital market is emerging as a new engine for inclusive finance, with initiatives to enhance its accessibility and effectiveness in serving small and micro enterprises [11][12] - By the end of 2025, regional equity markets are expected to support around 180,000 enterprises, primarily small businesses, indicating a growing role for capital markets in inclusive finance [11][12] Challenges and Future Directions - Despite progress, challenges remain in providing affordable financial services to various demographics, particularly in rural areas and for new employment forms [13][14] - The need for innovative financial products and services tailored to the unique needs of different groups is critical for the continued development of inclusive finance [14][15]