今年2月，中国证监会发布《关于资本市场做好金融"五篇大文章"的实施意见》，要求强化资本市场在 促进资本形成、优化资源配置等方面的功能，推动要素资源向科技创新、先进制造、绿色低碳、普惠民 生等重大战略、重点领域、薄弱环节集聚，更好满足高质量发展对优质金融服务的需求，助力中国式现 代化建设。 德邦证券总经理武晓春近日接受证券时报记者专访时表示，德邦证券作为山东财金集团旗下的全国性、 全牌照、综合类证券公司，积极响应国家号召，蓄力科技金融与绿色金融，深化金融创新与数字化转 型，全力服务实体经济高质量发展。 2025年7月，德邦证券牵头主承销的内蒙古电力集团科创债成功发行，规模达25亿元，创下内蒙古自治 区长期限信用债历史最低发行利率。该案例不仅为发行人提供了低成本融资支持，更成为金融赋能能源 科技发展的典范，让资本市场深入了解内蒙古的能源创新潜力。同年4月，德邦证券助力湖州市产业投 资发展集团发行2025年第一期科技创新公司债券，金额7亿元，创浙江省同期限科创公司债利率新低， 为发行人拓宽融资渠道，提升市场影响力；同月，山西路桥建设（600263）集团5亿元科创债成功发 行，创新设计多种选择权，推动基础设施行业科技 ...

来源 | 华尔街见闻 大规模杠杆收购卷土重来，风险债务激增，次级消费者违约信号初现——美国债券市场正在重现2007年金融危机前的关键特征。 9月28日，据报道，从Electronic Arts Inc.潜在的500亿美元收购，到汽车贷款违约率攀升，再到私人信贷市场的快速扩张，当前金融市场呈现出 与2007年金融危机前相似的泡沫迹象。 尽管银行监管更加严格、资本缓冲更加充足，但 市场观察人士仍对企业债务市场发出警告 。美国投资级企业债券的风险溢价本月早些时候触及 27年来最低水平，目前仍徘徊在接近该水平附近。 虽然分析师普遍认为不会重演2007-2009年全球金融危机的灾难性后果，但历史的相似性仍值得警惕。正如Thornburg Investment Management 投资组合经理Christian Hoffmann所言： 尽管杠杆收购公司目前在交易中使用更多股权，但交易规模的膨胀仍引发市场担忧。 汽车贷款违约率上升成为消费者财务压力加大的早期信号。 次级汽车放贷机构Tricolor Holdings突然申请破产，部分资产支持证券持有人在收 到利息支付后又被追回资金。汽车零部件供应商First Brands ...

近期，美国信贷市场正在经历一轮异常炙热的繁荣。尽管回报率已经降至数十年来的低位，投资者对公 司债券的需求之旺盛，仍到了"争先恐后"的程度。 然而，繁荣表象之下弥漫着泡沫气息，华尔街的担忧也在升温：当估值被定价得过于完美时，任何坏消 息都可能成为引爆点。 一个典型迹象是"实物支付"（PIK）工具的增加——即企业以借条而非现金支付利息。据标普全球数 据，截至2024年底，约11%的商业发展公司（BDC）贷款利息以PIK形式支付。这意味着不少借款人已 无力用现金偿付债务。 与此同时，私人信贷违约率再度上升。惠誉数据显示，2024年7月的私人信贷违约率达到9.5%，虽然之 后略有回落，但仍处于高位。 信贷市场的走向，很大程度上取决于美国宏观经济环境。如果通胀继续缓解、劳动力市场稳定，美联储 或将降息，从而缓解借款人压力，维持市场的"平稳表象"。但若经济增长放缓、利率维持高位甚至再度 上行，信贷市场脆弱的高估值恐难以维系。 橡树资本的霍华德·马克斯警示称："最糟糕的贷款往往发生在最美好的时期。"这句话映射出当下市场 的真实写照：在充斥资金与乐观情绪的环境中，信贷繁荣可能正在透支未来的风险承受能力。 当前，投资级和高收益 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Report's Core View - In the context of the stock - bond seesaw effect and the new regulations on public fund sales, interest rates have been oscillating and adjusting since September, and market sentiment has become more cautious. Debt funds have continuously sold long - term credit bonds and bought short - term credit bonds around 1Y since the first and middle ten days of this month. This week, ultra - long - term credit bonds saw a significant catch - up decline. Currently, with the pressure of wealth management products returning to the balance sheet gradually clearing and interest rates approaching the top of the periodic range, ultra - long - term bonds may gradually enter the area of attention [4][44]. Summary According to Related Catalogs 1. Primary Market 1.1 Net Financing Scale - The net financing of credit bonds (excluding asset - backed securities) this week was 165.2 billion yuan, a decrease of 184.3 billion yuan compared to last week. The total issuance was 598 billion yuan, an increase of 15 billion yuan, and the total repayment was 432.9 billion yuan, an increase of 199.3 billion yuan. The net financing of asset - backed securities was - 8.2 billion yuan, a decrease of 69.7 billion yuan compared to last week [9]. - By product type, the net financing of urban investment bonds was 47.7 billion yuan, a decrease of 23.7 billion yuan; that of industrial bonds was 126.4 billion yuan, an increase of 23.9 billion yuan; and that of financial bonds was - 8.9 billion yuan, a decrease of 184.6 billion yuan [9]. - In terms of issuance and redemption quantity, the issuance quantity of urban investment bonds increased by 25, and the redemption quantity increased by 27; for industrial bonds, the issuance quantity increased by 23, and the redemption quantity increased by 50; for financial bonds, the issuance quantity decreased by 20, and the redemption quantity decreased by 12 [11]. 1.2 Issuance Cost - The issuance rates of AAA industrial bonds and financial bonds decreased. The issuance rates of AA urban investment bonds and industrial bonds rose above 2.8%, and the issuance rate of AA financial bonds increased by 72BP compared to last week. Specifically, the weighted average issuance rates of AA and AA + industrial bonds increased by 33BP and 24BP respectively, while those of AAA industrial bonds and financial bonds decreased by 9BP and 19BP respectively [17]. 2. Secondary Market 2.1 Transaction Situation - In terms of trading volume, the trading volume of credit bonds (excluding asset - backed securities) increased by 96.3 billion yuan compared to last week. The trading volume of urban investment bonds was 292.8 billion yuan, an increase of 36.2 billion yuan; that of industrial bonds was 369.9 billion yuan, an increase of 47.3 billion yuan; and that of financial bonds was 537 billion yuan, an increase of 12.8 billion yuan. The trading volume of asset - backed securities was 24.3 billion yuan, a decrease of 3.4 billion yuan [18]. - In terms of turnover rate, the turnover rate of traditional credit bonds increased overall, while that of asset - backed securities decreased slightly. The turnover rates of urban investment bonds, industrial bonds, and financial bonds were 1.87%, 2.02%, and 3.53% respectively, with month - on - month increases of 0.23pct, 0.25pct, and 0.07pct. The turnover rate of asset - backed securities was 0.7%, a month - on - month decrease of 0.09pct [19]. 2.2 Yield - The yields of credit bonds with different ratings and maturities all adjusted to varying degrees, with the adjustment of medium - and long - term bonds being significantly greater than that of short - term bonds. For example, the yields of AA, AAA -, and AAA + credit bonds within 1Y increased by 5BP, 4BP, and 4BP respectively; those of 3 - 5Y increased by 7BP, 8BP, and 10BP respectively; and those of over 10Y increased by 12BP, 11BP, and 9BP respectively [23][25]. - Taking AA + 5Y bonds of each variety as an example, the yields of non - publicly issued industrial bonds and perpetual industrial bonds increased by 9BP; that of AA + 5Y urban investment bonds increased by 10BP; those of commercial bank ordinary bonds and secondary capital bonds increased by 8BP and 17BP respectively; and that of AA + 5Y asset - backed securities increased by 10BP [26]. 2.3 Credit Spread - Overall, the credit spreads of the AA construction and decoration and AA + electronics industries widened significantly, while the fluctuations of credit spreads of other industries and ratings did not exceed 10BP. Specifically, the credit spread of the AA construction and decoration industry widened by 11BP, and that of the AA + electronics industry widened by 22BP [27]. 2.3.1 Urban Investment Bonds - By maturity, the credit spreads of urban investment bonds with different maturities all widened to varying degrees. For example, the credit spreads of 0.5 - 1Y, 1 - 3Y, 3 - 5Y, 5 - 10Y, and over 10Y urban investment bonds widened by 5BP, 6BP, 7BP, 6BP, and 5BP respectively [32]. - By region, the credit spreads of urban investment bonds with different ratings and in different regions all widened to varying degrees, and the credit spread of AA + urban investment bonds in Heilongjiang widened by more than 10BP. The top five regions with the highest credit spreads of AA - rated urban investment bonds were Guizhou, Jilin, Yunnan, Shandong, and Sichuan; those of AA + urban investment bonds were Guizhou, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Shaanxi, and Qinghai; and those of AAA urban investment bonds were Liaoning, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Tianjin, and Jilin [33]. 2.3.2 Industrial Bonds - The credit spreads of industrial bonds widened to varying degrees compared to last week. For example, the credit spreads of 1Y and 10Y private - placement industrial bonds and perpetual industrial bonds of AAA -, AA +, and AA all widened [36]. 2.3.3 Bank Capital Bonds - The credit spreads of bank Tier 2 and perpetual bonds with different maturities and ratings all widened to varying degrees, and the widening amplitude of 5 - 10Y bonds exceeded 10BP. For example, the credit spreads of 1Y and 10Y Tier 2 capital bonds and bank perpetual bonds of AAA -, AA +, and AA all widened [38]. 3. This Week's Bond Market Sentiment - A total of 16 bond issues of 5 entities had their implied ratings downgraded, including 8 issues of Nanshan Group Co., Ltd., 4 issues of China National Foreign Trade Trust Co., Ltd., and 2 issues of Xiamen International Trust Co., Ltd. The "19 Qidi G2" issued by Qidi Environmental Technology Development Co., Ltd. was extended [3][41]. 4. Investment Suggestion - This week, there were 1826.8 billion yuan of reverse repurchases due in the open market, 6 billion yuan of central bank bills were issued, and 30 billion yuan of MLF was withdrawn. The central bank conducted a total of 2467.4 billion yuan of reverse repurchase operations and injected 60 billion yuan of MLF, achieving a net injection of 880.6 billion yuan for the whole week. The DR001 dropped from 1.40% at the Monday close to 1.25% at the Friday close, and the overnight capital interest rate remained in a low - level oscillation [43]. - Overall, the credit spreads of the AA construction and decoration and AA + electronics industries widened significantly, while the fluctuations of credit spreads of other industries and ratings did not exceed 10BP. The credit spreads of urban investment bonds, industrial bonds, and bank capital bonds all widened to varying degrees [43].

一、债务融资的主要类型 港交所上市公司的债务融资工具可分为公开市场债务和私募市场债务两大类，其中公开市场工具是主流，具体包括： 港交所（HKEX）上市公司的债务融资是其资本结构管理的重要工具，核心围绕工具类型、发行条件、监管要求、流程设计及 风险控制展开。以下是具体的核心要点梳理： 1. 公司债券（Debt Securities） 2. 可转换债券（Convertible Bonds, CB） 3. 永续债（Perpetual Bonds） 4. 资产支持证券（Asset-Backed Securities, ABS） 5. 其他工具 二、发行基本条件 不同债务工具的发行条件差异较大，核心要求如下： 公开 vs 非公开： 公开发行：向不特定投资者发行，需符合港交所《上市规则》第13章（本地发行人）或第19章（海外发行人）的上市要 求，通常需信用评级（如穆迪、标普、惠誉等）。 非公开发行（Private Placement）：向合格投资者（如机构投资者、高净值个人）发行，门槛较低，无需公众持股量要求， 信息披露简化。 特点：固定或浮动利率，到期还本付息，结构简单，市场流动性较高。 定义：赋予投资者在约定期限内将 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent notice issued by the Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Beijing Stock Exchanges aims to optimize and standardize the bond repurchase business, enhancing debt management tools and mitigating credit risks associated with corporate bonds while protecting investors' rights [1][2]. Group 1: Bond Repurchase Business - The notice defines bond repurchase as the act of repurchasing outstanding corporate bonds listed on the exchanges through offers or secondary market transactions using cash [1]. - The repurchase can involve the issuer and its affiliates, as well as third parties that meet the exchanges' criteria [1]. - The notice emphasizes that all participants in the repurchase business must adhere to principles of equality, voluntariness, fairness, and reasonableness, ensuring accurate and complete information [1][2]. Group 2: Offer and Market Transactions - For offer repurchases, the notice stipulates that the terms must comply with existing credit risk management guidelines from the respective exchanges [2]. - In secondary market transactions, if the trading price of corporate bonds drops by 5% compared to the closing price from 20 trading days prior, the repurchaser may conduct transactions to stabilize market fluctuations [2]. - The notice provides detailed regulations regarding the rights of bondholders, periods during which the repurchaser is prohibited from conducting business, and the responsibilities of trustees [2][3].

于2025年9月19日正式成立资产支持专项计划，总发行规模为人民币2.17亿元。 发行资产支持证券所得款项将主要用作集团金融科技业务分类的一般营运资金。董事会相信，透过资产 支持专项计划发行资产支持证券，可有效拓宽集团融资渠道，获取低成本资金，进而优化公司融资结 构，促进经营活动及投资布局。 智通财经APP讯，高阳科技(00818)发布公告，融汇智达保理董事会已批准随信云链-星耀二号供应链金 融资产支持专项计划及于中国境内发行以特定贷款信託项下债权及附属权利(包括但不限于本金、利 息、违约金及担保权益的权利)支持的资产支持证券。根据上海证券交易所出具的无异议函，资产支持 专项计划发行的规模上限为人民币2.17亿元，可于获批当日起的12个月内，即2026年9月3日前发行。 ...

在投资者关系活动主要内容介绍环节，机构关注的问题及青岛银行方面的回应如下： 1.青岛银行下半年 金融市场业务投资策略：上半年，青岛银行加强金融投资规模与收益监控，有效应对债市波动，实现金 融市场非息收入同比增长。2025年上半年，投资收益和公允价值变动损益合计15.10亿元，同比增加2.12 亿元，同比增长16.37%。下一步，该行将持续优化投资交易策略，加强市场研判，精确择时，灵活调 仓，提升资产投资效益，同时保证负债端和资产端相匹配，实现规模和效益同步增长。一方面，重点防 范市场风险，以固定收益类的标准化债券配置为主要投资方向，强化久期管理；另一方面，着重发挥金 融投资板块"轻资本"优势，加大商业银行债、资产支持证券、同业存单等低资本消耗资产品种的投资力 度，保障债券投资利息收入稳步增长。 2.青岛银行信贷资产质量情况：在规模稳步增长的同时，青岛银 行信贷资产质量较年初提升11.48个百分点，资产质量指标延续良好态势。2025年，该行将持续加强对 信贷资产质量的管控，稳固授信审批基础，推进授信资产结构转型，适时调整风险应对策略，深入推进 产品创新，提升授信支持业务发展力度；持续加强授信后管理，升级信用风险 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The floating - rate bond market in China entered an expansion cycle again in 2025, but the current stock size is still small. Since June 2025, commercial banks have restarted the issuance of floating - rate bonds, but the scale is small and the liquidity is weak. For investors, the current cost - performance of participating in floating - rate bonds is not high, and the allocation value may be less than that of fixed - rate bonds [2][3][7][8]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 Domestic Floating - Rate Bond Market Overview - **Definition of Floating - Rate Bonds**: Floating - rate bonds are bonds whose coupon rates are regularly adjusted with the market benchmark interest rate, usually composed of a benchmark interest rate and a fixed spread. The benchmark interest rate is generally linked to DR007, LPR, LIBOR, etc., and the fixed spread is determined at the beginning and remains unchanged subsequently [1][14]. - **Three Expansion Periods of Floating - Rate Bonds**: The domestic floating - rate bond market started in 1995 and has experienced three expansion periods (1995 - 2000, 2003 - 2011, 2014 - 2021), with the scale increasing in each period. From 2022 - 2024, the issuance scale decreased significantly, and in 2025, it entered an expansion cycle again. As of September 12, 2025, the issuance volume reached 26.49 billion yuan [2][15][16]. - **Small Stock Size of Domestic Floating - Rate Bonds**: As of September 12, 2025, the domestic floating - rate bond stock size was 62.16 billion yuan, accounting for only 0.3% of all bond balances. Policy bank bonds are the largest variety, accounting for 80%. The benchmark interest rates are mainly DR007 and LPR, accounting for 49% and 42% respectively [2][26]. 3.2 The Expansion of Commercial Bank Floating - Rate Bonds in 2025 but Weak Liquidity - **Restart of Issuance**: Since June 2025, commercial banks have issued multiple floating - rate bonds with a total issuance scale of 3.89 billion yuan, restarting the issuance after 2013. However, the current scale is small, accounting for only 0.34% of all bank bonds [3][30]. - **Weak Liquidity**: The secondary - market trading activity of commercial bank floating - rate bonds is low. Newly issued floating - rate bonds are more actively traded only in the issuance month, and the trading activity decreases significantly from the next month. Compared with large - bank newly issued fixed - rate commercial financial bonds, the liquidity is significantly weaker [3][32]. 3.3 How to Price Commercial Bank Floating - Rate Bonds? - **Complex Pricing**: Different from fixed - rate bonds priced by YTM, floating - rate bonds have non - fixed coupon rates, and it is difficult to accurately predict future cash flows, so the pricing is more complex. The daily price fluctuation of floating - rate bonds is mainly affected by the current benchmark interest rate and the yield to maturity [4][37]. - **Price Change Rules**: From the perspective of absolute value, when the benchmark interest rate and the yield to maturity change in opposite directions, the change direction of the floating - rate bond value is clear. In practice, the more volatile variable often determines the direction of investment returns. From the perspective of relative value, floating - rate bonds can resist the price callback caused by tightening of the money market or interest rate hikes, but perform worse than fixed - rate bonds during the period of loose money and interest rate cuts [4][41][49]. 3.4 The Current Allocation Value of Commercial Bank Floating - Rate Bonds May Be Less Than That of Fixed - Rate Bonds - **Banks' Motivation for Issuance**: Since the second half of this year, commercial banks have issued a large number of floating - rate bonds, possibly to reduce the cost of their liability side. Affected by multiple factors, the net interest margin of commercial banks has been in a downward channel, and the demand for cost reduction on the liability side remains [7][56]. - **Low Cost - Performance for Investors**: For investors, the cost - performance of participating in floating - rate bonds is not high. On the one hand, the characteristics of floating - rate bonds make them more suitable for short - term trading, and the trading difficulty is large. On the other hand, in the current market environment of expected interest rate cuts, the allocation value of floating - rate bonds may be less than that of fixed - rate bonds [7][8][59].

证券研究报告 固收定期报告 hyzqdatemark 2025 年 09 月 14 日 博弈调整之后的信用补涨机会 ——信用分析周报（2025/9/8-2025/9/12） 投资要点： 本周（9/8-9/12）市场概览： 1）一级市场：本周传统信用债发行量、净融资额环比上周均有所增加，偿还量环比 上周有所减少；资产支持证券净融资额环比上周增加 125 亿元；本周 AA+城投债、 AAA 金融债加权平均发行利率上升超 20BP，AA+产业债加权平均发行利率上行 11BP，其余不同评级不同券种的发行成本较上周波动不超过 10BP。 联系人 2）二级市场：本周信用债成交量环比上周增加 1106 亿元；换手率方面，本周城投 债换手率较上周有所下降，其他品种换手率较上周环比上升。或受基金赎回费新规 等影响，本周信用债收益率整体跟随利率债出现不同幅度调整，7Y 以上的长端调整 幅度达 6-9BP。总体来看，本周 AA+电子、钢铁行业信用利差大幅收窄，其余不同 行业不同评级的信用利差波动幅度均不超过 5BP。具体来看，本周 AA+电子、钢铁 行业信用利差较上周分别收窄 18BP、20BP，除此以外，其余各行业各评级的债券 ...