文/刘工昌 2025年5月22日，中国排名第三的潮玩厂家乐自天成（52TOYS）正式递交港股上市申请，联席保荐机构为花旗和华泰国际。 图源：乐自天成官网 而在递交招股书前10天，公司股权结构近期迎来重要变化。万达电影联手腾讯系儒意控股突击入股，斥资1.44亿元拿下7%股权，这不仅为乐自天成带来资 本支持，更重要的是为其打开了影视IP转化和游戏IP联动的想象空间。其中，万达拥有《流浪地球》《唐人街探案》等IP，儒意控股旗下也有《红警OL》 《QQ炫舞》等IP。 四成毛利仍然亏损 天眼查显示，乐自天成成立于2012年7月，是一家IP玩具公司，自2015年品牌推出以来，打着"玩点有趣的"的品牌主张，品牌愿景是"做一家伟大的玩具公 司"。 根据灼识咨询，按2024年中国GMV计，乐自天成在中国多品类IP玩具公司中排名第二，为中国第三大IP玩具公司。乐自天成是业内为数不多的、实现全产 业链运营的中国领先公司之一，覆盖IP孵化和开发、产品设计到柔性供应链和全局销售渠道各个环节，利用柔性供应链管理来维持可规模化拓展的运营架 构。 截至2024年12月31日，公司拥有超过100个自有及授权IP。以"IP中枢"战略、多品类运营 ...

Core Insights - The rise of trendy toys (潮玩) reflects a shift in consumer culture, evolving from niche collectibles to mainstream appeal, attracting a diverse audience across age groups [1][2] - The success of trendy toys is driven by innovative marketing strategies, including social media influence and the "surprise economy" created by blind box purchases [3][5] - The industry is experiencing significant growth, with companies focusing on IP development and creating engaging narratives to enhance consumer connection [5][6] Group 1: Market Dynamics - Trendy toys have transitioned from being popular among niche collectors to becoming a mainstream phenomenon, appealing to all demographics [1] - The character 拉布布 has gained immense popularity, becoming a cultural icon and even receiving a diplomatic title, showcasing the power of branding and celebrity endorsements [3] - The demand for creative and personalized products is increasing as consumers seek more than traditional toys, leading to a rise in the trendy toy market [2] Group 2: Consumer Engagement - The "surprise economy" through blind boxes enhances consumer excitement and encourages repeat purchases, as seen with 拉布布's popularity [3][5] - Social media plays a crucial role in promoting trendy toys, with unboxing videos and creative showcases driving interest and engagement among potential buyers [3] - The emotional connection consumers feel towards characters like NOOK highlights the importance of relatable storytelling in product design [2] Group 3: Industry Challenges - The secondary market for trendy toys is thriving, but issues such as scalping and counterfeit products threaten market integrity and consumer trust [6][7] - The rise of counterfeit products poses risks to brand reputation and consumer confidence, as buyers may unknowingly purchase fakes [7] - The industry must navigate challenges related to market fairness and product authenticity to sustain growth and consumer satisfaction [6][7] Group 4: Future Outlook - The trendy toy industry is expected to continue growing, with companies encouraged to invest in IP exploration and product innovation [5][6] - The shift from "Made in China" to "Created in China" signifies a broader cultural and economic evolution, positioning Chinese brands on the global stage [6] - The next decade presents both challenges and opportunities for the trendy toy industry, with a focus on developing unique paths for growth and consumer engagement [7]

Core Insights - The online consumption power of male users in China is increasing, particularly among those under 30, with a notable rise in high-end spending over 2000 yuan, driven by self-indulgent and stress-relief consumption needs in gaming, trendy toys, sports, and technology products [1][3] Group 1: Gaming - Male users account for nearly 70% of the gaming market, with the industry experiencing sustained growth during the summer season [1][3] - In May 2025, a total of 144 game licenses were issued, marking a new monthly high, which is expected to boost search traffic for gaming on platforms like Baidu starting in July [3] Group 2: Trendy Toys - The domestic IP toy market is growing robustly, with sci-fi mecha IPs being particularly popular among male consumers [1][3] - EDC (Everyday Carry) products have emerged as a rapidly growing segment, with 80% of EDC users being male, and sales during the 2025 618 shopping festival saw over a fourfold year-on-year increase [3] Group 3: Sports - Males are the primary audience for sports viewership, and there is a continuous increase in fitness-related demands [1][3] Group 4: Technology Consumption - Young and middle-aged males exhibit dual characteristics of tech-savvy and quality-oriented consumption, with rapid growth in outdoor cameras and gaming consoles [1][3] - By April 2025, the monthly active user (MAU) count for male users in China is projected to reach 634 million, reflecting a 2.2% year-on-year increase [1]

Group 1 - 52TOYS showcased three new proprietary trendy IPs, CiCiLu and PoukaPouka, at the "2025 TOY HEART EXPO," enhancing its product matrix alongside the previously launched NOOK [1] - Since 2019, 52TOYS has been continuously developing its proprietary trendy IPs, including NOOK, Sleep, and Lilith, and plans to have 35 proprietary IPs by the end of 2024 [1] - The company has also established a sci-fi IP called "Beast Box" and a cultural IP named "Super Activation," indicating a diverse portfolio [1] Group 2 - 52TOYS emphasizes the diversity and differentiation of IP styles, creating various products based on the characteristics of each IP, which include static dolls, movable dolls, wind-up toys, transforming mechas, assembly toys, plush toys, and derivative peripherals [2] - By the end of 2024, 52TOYS will have 80 licensed IPs and has formed long-term stable partnerships with internationally recognized IPs like Disney, while also focusing on nurturing its proprietary IPs across trendy, sci-fi, and cultural categories [2] - The company announced the creation of a content ecosystem for the "Beast Box" IP, which includes novels, comics, and animations, facilitating cross-industry value-added opportunities [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the competitive landscape of the IP toy industry in China, focusing on the company Lezi Tiancheng (乐自天成) and its potential IPO amidst a rapidly growing market dominated by Bubble Mart and Blok. The company faces challenges in achieving profitability and creating blockbuster original IPs, which are crucial for its growth and market positioning [1][3][5]. Group 1: Company Overview - Lezi Tiancheng is the third-largest IP toy company in China, with a market share of 1.2%, trailing behind Bubble Mart and Blok, which hold 11.5% and 5.7% market shares respectively [3]. - The company was founded in 2015 and has since developed a significant portfolio of IPs, including both licensed and original creations, with 35 original IPs by the end of 2024 [2][3]. Group 2: Financial Performance - Lezi Tiancheng's revenue from 2022 to 2024 shows a gradual increase, with figures of 4.63 billion, 4.82 billion, and 6.30 billion yuan respectively, but it has not yet achieved profitability, with net losses expanding from 1.7 million to 122 million yuan over the same period [3][5]. - The company relies heavily on licensed IPs for revenue, with licensed IP revenue increasing from 2.33 billion yuan in 2022 to 4.06 billion yuan in 2024, while revenue from original IPs has stagnated [5]. Group 3: Market Strategy and Growth Potential - Lezi Tiancheng has seen significant growth in its overseas market, with revenue increasing from 35.4 million yuan in 2022 to 147 million yuan in 2024, representing a compound annual growth rate of over 100% [6]. - The company plans to allocate 25% of its IPO proceeds to expand its direct sales channels overseas, targeting markets in Southeast Asia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, and the United States [6][7]. - The management believes in its ability to compete in the global market, citing a threefold increase in GMV in Japan and a fourfold increase in Thailand in 2024 [7].

Core Insights - The article highlights the rapid growth and increasing market interest in China's潮玩 (trendy toys) and文创 (cultural and creative) industries, with companies like 铜师傅 (Copper Master) and 52TOYS pursuing IPOs to capitalize on this trend [2][15]. Company Overview: 铜师傅 (Copper Master) - 铜师傅 submitted its IPO application to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on May 9, 2023, aiming for a main board listing, with 招银国际 (Zhaoyin International) as the sole sponsor [4]. - The company, founded in 2013, specializes in copper-based cultural and creative products, with notable IP collaborations including《变形金刚》(Transformers) and《流浪地球》(The Wandering Earth) [6]. - Revenue figures for 铜师傅 from 2022 to 2024 were reported as 5.03 billion, 5.06 billion, and 5.71 billion RMB, with net profits of 56.94 million, 44.13 million, and 78.98 million RMB respectively, indicating a fluctuating net profit margin [6][9]. - The company heavily relies on copper products, which accounted for 96.6% of its revenue in 2024, despite attempts to diversify into other materials [7]. Company Overview: 52TOYS - 52TOYS, established in 2015, is a leading IP toy company in China, with a diverse portfolio of 35 proprietary IPs and 80 licensed IPs [10]. - The company reported revenues of 4.63 billion, 4.82 billion, and 6.30 billion RMB from 2022 to 2024, with a significant portion of revenue derived from licensed IPs, which accounted for 64.5% of total revenue by 2024 [10][11]. - Despite revenue growth, 52TOYS faced net losses of 1.71 million, 71.93 million, and 122 million RMB over the same period, highlighting challenges in profitability [10][11]. - The company is actively expanding internationally, with overseas revenue reaching 1.47 billion RMB in 2024, representing a compound annual growth rate of over 100% [12]. Market Trends - The潮玩 and文创 industries in China are experiencing a surge in consumer demand for personalized and culturally rich products, with the overall潮玩 market size estimated at approximately 345 billion RMB [15]. - The盲盒 (blind box) segment has shown explosive growth, with a compound annual growth rate of 122% from 2017 to 2021, reflecting the evolving consumer preferences [15]. - The article notes a shift in the industry towards more refined operations, with companies leveraging IPOs to expand their IP portfolios and enhance global reach [15][16].

Core Viewpoint - 52TOYS is seeking to raise between $100 million to $200 million through an IPO on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, aiming to become the third local IP toy company listed after Pop Mart and Blokus, with significant market attention on its valuation and performance [2] Company Overview - Founded in 2015, 52TOYS focuses on IP toy development, production, and sales, boasting 35 proprietary IPs and collaborations with 80 international IPs, including Crayon Shin-chan and Disney [2] - The company projects a revenue of 630 million yuan in 2024, a 30.7% year-on-year increase, with licensed IP revenue accounting for 64.5% of total revenue [2] Financial Performance - Despite revenue growth, 52TOYS has not achieved sustained profitability, reporting net losses of 1.708 million yuan, 71.934 million yuan, and 122 million yuan from 2022 to 2024 [3] - The adjusted net profit is expected to turn positive in 2024, reaching 32.013 million yuan, indicating initial business optimization [3] - The gross margin for 2024 is projected at 39.9%, significantly lower than Pop Mart's 66.8%, primarily due to high IP licensing costs [3] Market Position and Competition - The IP toy market in China is projected to grow from 75.6 billion yuan in 2024 to 167.5 billion yuan by 2029, with 52TOYS ranking third in GMV among local IP toy companies [4] - In 2024, 52TOYS is expected to generate a GMV of 930 million yuan, with a market share of 1.2%, compared to Pop Mart's 11.5% and Blokus's 5.7% [4] Valuation and Market Sentiment - The market is closely watching 52TOYS's valuation, which is set at 4.273 billion yuan, leading to discussions about its high price-to-earnings ratio of 133 times based on projected profits [5] - Strategic partnerships with Wanda Film and Ru Yi Holdings are expected to enhance 52TOYS's market presence and product distribution [5][6] Industry Challenges - The competitive landscape is intensifying, with established players like Pop Mart maintaining a stronghold due to their proprietary IPs and distribution networks [7] - 52TOYS faces the challenge of balancing its reliance on licensed IPs while enhancing its original IP capabilities to avoid being seen as merely "working for IPs" [7]

Core Insights - Despite frequent comparisons with Pop Mart, 52TOYS shows significant differences in profitability, with revenue growth from 463 million RMB in 2022 to 630 million RMB in 2024, which is less than 5% of Pop Mart's 13 billion RMB revenue [1][4] - 52TOYS's gross margin is projected to be below 40% in 2024, significantly lower than Pop Mart's 66.8%, primarily due to heavy reliance on licensed IP and a lack of self-developed IP [1][4] - The financial structure of 52TOYS reveals hidden risks, with a cumulative net loss of 200 million RMB over three years, exacerbated by a significant increase in inventory and receivables [1][4] Group 1: Financial Performance - 52TOYS's revenue for 2022, 2023, and 2024 is reported as 463 million RMB, 482 million RMB, and 630 million RMB respectively, with a compound annual growth rate of 16.7% [6] - The company’s net losses for 2022, 2023, and 2024 are -1.704 million RMB, -71.934 million RMB, and -122.083 million RMB, indicating a worsening financial situation [10][12] - The net cash flow from operations turned negative in 2024, with inventory increasing by 83% to 154 million RMB and receivables rising by 34% to 51.7 million RMB [30][31] Group 2: Market Position and Competition - 52TOYS ranks third in the Chinese IP toy market, with a market share of 1.2%, while Pop Mart and another competitor hold 11.5% and 5.7% respectively [10][11] - The company’s reliance on licensed IP is increasing, with licensed IP revenue contributing 64.5% of total revenue in 2024, while self-developed IP revenue is declining [21][24] - The lack of a flagship product is a critical weakness for 52TOYS, with its most recognized product, "Beast Box," generating only 190 million RMB in GMV over three years compared to Pop Mart's flagship products generating 3 billion RMB in a single year [23][24] Group 3: Business Model and Strategy - 52TOYS operates a light-asset model primarily through IP licensing, with a significant portion of its revenue coming from third-party manufacturers and distributors [6][18] - The company has faced challenges in maintaining a direct sales presence, with a decline in brand stores from 19 in 2022 to 10 in 2024, while Pop Mart has a more robust direct sales model [25][26] - Future growth for 52TOYS is expected to hinge on international expansion, with overseas revenue increasing from 35.4 million RMB in 2022 to 147.4 million RMB in 2024, representing 23.4% of total revenue [31][32]

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese collectible toy company 52TOYS has submitted its IPO application to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, aiming to capitalize on the booming market for IP-based toys and collectibles [1][3]. Group 1: Company Overview - 52TOYS, founded in 2015, has established itself as the third-largest player in the domestic collectible toy market, with a revenue of approximately 6 billion RMB [6][11]. - The company has undergone several funding rounds, raising 1 billion RMB in 2018 and 4 billion RMB in 2021, demonstrating steady growth despite challenges such as the pandemic [6][7]. Group 2: Financial Performance - 52TOYS reported revenues of approximately 4.6 billion RMB, 4.8 billion RMB, and 6.3 billion RMB for the years 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of about 16.7% [7][8]. - The company has faced losses for three consecutive years, with a projected loss exceeding 1 billion RMB in 2024, but expects adjusted profits of 19.1 million RMB and 32.1 million RMB in 2023 and 2024, respectively [8][25]. Group 3: Market Position and Competition - As of May 27, 2023, 52TOYS has an estimated valuation of approximately 1.87 billion RMB based on a recent investment from Wanda Film, which holds a 7% stake in the company [5][3]. - The market capitalization of leading competitors, such as Pop Mart and Blok, is significantly higher, with Pop Mart valued at 313.17 billion HKD and Blok at 38.46 billion HKD [5][25]. Group 4: IP Strategy - 52TOYS generates a substantial portion of its revenue from licensed IPs, with the proportion of revenue from licensed IPs increasing from 50.2% in 2022 to 64.5% in 2024 [14][11]. - The company has developed over 30 proprietary IPs and collaborates with 85 experienced designers and 40 artists to enhance its product offerings [16][11]. Group 5: Future Plans - 52TOYS aims to expand its retail presence significantly, planning to establish over 100 self-operated stores in China and internationally within the next three to five years [26][25]. - The company is also focusing on increasing its overseas market revenue, which has grown from 7.6% in 2022 to 23.4% in 2024 [26][25].

Core Viewpoint - 52TOYS has submitted its IPO prospectus to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, having previously secured an investment of 140 million RMB from Ru Yi Investment. The company reported revenues of 630 million RMB and a net profit of approximately 30 million RMB in 2024 [1]. Financial Performance - 52TOYS' revenue from 2022 to 2024 was 463 million RMB, 482 million RMB, and 630 million RMB respectively [1][2]. - The company recorded net losses of 1.708 million RMB and 71.934 million RMB in 2022 and 2023, with a further loss of 121.514 million RMB in 2024. However, adjusted net profits (non-IFRS) showed improvement, moving from -56.754 million RMB in 2022 to 32.013 million RMB in 2024 [2]. - The adjusted net profit margins (non-IFRS) improved from -12.3% in 2022 to 5.1% in 2024 [2]. Valuation and Revenue Sources - The valuation of 52TOYS has exceeded 2 billion HKD, reflecting an increase from the valuation at the time of Ru Yi Investment [2]. - In 2024, revenue from licensed IP accounted for 64.5% of the company's total revenue, indicating a significant reliance on this revenue stream [2]. IP Operations and Market Position - As of December 31, 2024, 52TOYS has incubated and operated 35 proprietary IPs and holds 80 licensed IPs across various fields such as animation, film, comics, and games [3]. - The company ranks second among multi-category Chinese IP toy companies and seventh in the overall Chinese IP toy market based on GMV in 2024, showcasing its competitive position [3]. Shareholding Structure - The largest shareholders, Chen Wei, Huang Jin, and Bai Jie, collectively hold approximately 36.81% of 52TOYS' shares as concerted actors [3]. - Prior to the IPO, the investment from Ru Yi allowed Chen Wei and partners to cash out nearly 60 million RMB [3].