"量增" 绿化总量不断增加 中国发展网讯 方展华 记者罗勉从广东省人民政府新闻办公室1月6日召开"'十四五'广东成就"系列主题 新闻发布会上了解到，本期主题为"绿美广东生态建设"，广东省林业局党组书记、局长蒋宏奇介绍了广 东省在国土绿化、打造生态产品等方面取得的成效和经验，"十四五"以来，全省高质量推进绿美广东生 态建设，在国土绿化方面取得了阶段性成效，可以用"量增、质提、氛围浓"来概括。 全省各地坚持科学绿化，兼顾生态多样性、经济适用性、管护便利性等因素选种乡土阔叶树种，着力打 造林相优美的高质量森林，共种植乡土阔叶树2.13亿株，逐步优化针阔混交林比例。建造5000亩以上的 混交林148片，打造1000亩以上森林大斑块1030个，全省森林蓄积量达6.57亿立方米，乔木林单位面积 蓄积量增至每公顷73.47立方米，全省生态系统的稳定性和持续性不断增强。 "十四五"期间，广东省完成林分优化提升1105万亩、森林抚育提升1111万亩。其中，改造低质低效林 736万亩，建设沿海防护林111万亩、大径材培育基地351万亩，在北江、西江、韩江、东江四大流域建 设高质量水源林551万亩。全省森林覆盖率达53.39%，绿 ...

据了解，2022年以来，自治区自然资源厅先后发布三批编制38个生态产品价值实现典型案例，其 中"北海市冯家江生态治理与综合开发""梧州市六堡茶产业赋能增值助推生态产品价值实现""桂林市创 新旅游产业用地政策推进自然资源资产高效利用"3个案例入选全国生态产品价值实现典型案例，成为全 国推广的"广西样本"。（唐广生 范雁阳 付丹峰） 作为西部陆海新通道核心工程，平陆运河沿线设有101个弃渣堆存场。自治区水利厅通过规范核算 交易、明确收益分配、建立反哺机制三项举措，推动水土保持生态产品价值转化。项目委托第三方评估 生态产品价值，通过绿色水经济平台进行交易，收益由项目单位与村集体共享，并反哺于水土流失治 理、乡村基础设施建设和村民增收。该案例在全国率先将水土保持生态产品从生态领域拓展至生产建设 项目，为大型工程弃渣资源化利用提供了可复制的操作路径。 玉林市依托"南方药都""南国香都"的产业优势，推动香料产业高质量发展，形成以"国储林+香 料"为代表的协同发展模式。通过林地流转与联农带农机制，强化种质资源保护，建成全国首个香料香 精国家林木种质资源库；创新实施低效林改造奖补，推广林下套种，提升综合效益。同时，加快建设广 ...

"十五五"规划建议明确指出，因地制宜拓展生态产品价值实现渠道。拓展生态产品价值实现渠道，既能 帮助地方挖掘自身生态禀赋优势，打造更多符合公众需求的生态产品，又能在市场环境中将生态价值切 实转化为经济价值和社会价值，是推动"绿水青山"真正转化为"金山银山"的重要路径。 结合各地实践经验，笔者认为，要更好地开展这项工作，需要从以下几方面入手。 以生态禀赋为基础，做好资源配置的规划布局 以区域品牌为支撑，释放特色驱动的持久效应 在生态产品价值实现过程中，品牌建设关系到生态产品附加值提升、市场份额获取等多方面工作，是打 通"两山"转化"最后一公里"的重要举措。我国各地都拥有各自区域独具特色的生态产品，但大多面 临"有产品无品牌、有品质无溢价"的困境。在此形势下，各地应当深耕地方特色，并在此基础上打造市 场公认的区域公用品牌，塑造生态产品价值认同，以此引领和推动生态溢价，从而实现市场突破。比 如，全国首个全区域、全品类、全产业链的地级市农产品区域公用品牌——丽水山耕，就实现了地方特 色与区域品牌的双向奔赴。这既实现了地方资源整合和生态产品溢价，更浓缩了山水与文化，提升了品 牌辨识度和产品影响力，因地制宜拓宽了生态产品价 ...

尽管成效初显，生态产品价值实现仍面临诸多挑战。多位专家指出，核算体系不统一是当前最突出的问 题。中国人民大学生态文明研究院副院长、生态环境学院教授曾贤刚直言，当前GEP核算存在随意性 大、科学性不足的问题，核算结果往往停留在宣传或考核层面，与具体的项目融资、交易关联性不强， 实用性有待提高。自然资源部第一海洋研究所研究员陈尚也指出，核算参数在本地化、标准化方面有所 欠缺，导致结果难以横向比较和实际应用。 产权界定不清是另一大瓶颈。曾贤刚以"小产权房"为例，说明产权不完整将严重制约资产价值实现。他 指出，生态产品是一种资产，资产必须具有清晰的产权特征，包括所有权、使用权、经营权、流转权、 抵押权等。而生态资源多属于公共产品或集体所有，产权边界模糊、流转受限，导致难以进行市场化交 易和金融赋能。 此外，价值转化路径单一、金融支持不足、产业同质化严重等问题也屡被提及。南京农业大学土地管理 学院副教授陶宇指出，当前生态产品开发多集中于农产品与乡村旅游，缺乏差异化与系统化布局。中节 能生态产品发展研究中心有限公司生态产品部主任助理、研究专班负责人于涛也持同样观点："若大家 都去做农家乐、卖特产，很快就会供给过剩，导致效 ...

公平与效率是生态补偿的核心，但传统补偿标准多以"直接投入成本"为依据，忽视了生态系统服务的整 体价值和保护区发展的机会成本。这种单一核算方式无法全面反映保护区的实际付出，也难以激励更多 地区主动参与生态保护。因此，需要从单一核算转向系统化核算，构建科学全面的补偿体系，确保补偿 标准的公平性与可持续性。 一是保护成本核算，明确基础支出。保护区为维持生态系统的稳定和功能正常运转，需要长期投入大量 人力、物力和财力，这些直接投入是生态补偿的核心基础。从经济学视角来看，保护成本核算是补偿标 准设计中的刚性支出部分，是实现保护区基本运作的底线保障。通过全面核算保护区的基础支出，补偿 机制可以有效覆盖保护区的成本需求，从而避免因资金不足影响保护工作的正常开展，同时提高生态保 护的效率与透明度。 党的二十届四中全会提出，要"加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型，建设美丽中国"。生态补偿制度是实现 生态保护与区域协调发展的关键抓手之一。当前，传统补偿模式在激励机制、核算方法和推广范围上存 在明显局限，亟须通过优化设计，推动补偿模式向"双向赋能""系统评估"和"全域推广"转型。通过构建 共赢机制、科学量化补偿标准及拓宽生态价值实现渠道 ...

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the importance of establishing a robust mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products and ecological compensation, which will stimulate societal participation in green development [1][2][3] Group 1: Economic Development - The "14th Five-Year Plan" suggests the development of the under-forest economy and the expansion of the forestry and grass industry, with a projected total output value of 10.496 trillion yuan for the national forestry and grass industry by 2024 [1] - The under-forest economy and forestry industry are identified as key drivers for promoting rural revitalization and transforming the "Two Mountains" concept into practical outcomes [1] Group 2: Mechanisms and Policies - There are challenges in the realization of ecological product value, including difficulties in measurement, collateralization, trading, and monetization [1] - Various regions are implementing measures to enhance the realization of ecological product value, such as Beijing's technical standards for quantifying ecological service value and Xiamen's exploration of carbon trading through waste classification [2] - Continuous optimization of economic policy tools supporting green low-carbon development is crucial for providing strong backing for green development methods and lifestyles [3] Group 3: Challenges and Opportunities - Current green development faces deep-seated contradictions in systems, standards, and interest structures, with room for improvement in carbon market trading scale and activity [3] - The process of addressing these challenges is seen as a pathway for development, with a call for ongoing reforms to consolidate advantages and eliminate bottlenecks during the "14th Five-Year" period [3]

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of a mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products is a significant strategic deployment in China, aimed at overcoming the existing challenges in measurement, transaction, monetization, and collateralization of ecological products [1][2]. Group 1: Current Challenges - The realization mechanism for ecological product value is still in the exploratory stage, with a lack of consensus on the definition and scope of ecological products, weak policy foundations, and insufficient coordination among various policies [2]. - The "four difficulties" (measurement, transaction, monetization, and collateralization) remain key bottlenecks hindering local practices [2][5]. - Common issues include a lack of sustainability in ecological product value evaluation, an imbalance between supply and demand, and insufficient ecological protection compensation [5]. Group 2: Policy and Implementation - By May 2025, 26 provinces and municipalities are expected to issue implementation plans for establishing ecological product value realization mechanisms, exploring region-specific models [2]. - Various regions are conducting trials to calculate the Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) and developing evaluation methods tailored to local characteristics [2]. - Examples include Shenzhen incorporating GEP as an expected indicator in planning, and certain counties in Zhejiang developing financial products based on GEP calculations [2]. Group 3: Future Directions - Experts suggest that future efforts should focus on integrating ecological product value realization with national strategic goals, enhancing county economic vitality, and promoting urban-rural integration [6]. - Recommendations include compiling special plans for ecological economic development, conducting suitability evaluations for ecological product value realization, and establishing a negative list system for market access [6]. - The need to clarify property rights, scientifically assess ecological product values, and enhance government roles in market cultivation is emphasized [6].

Core Viewpoint - The National Development and Reform Commission, along with five other departments, has issued guidelines to accelerate the construction of modern state-owned forest farms, aiming for significant improvements in ecological quality and resource management by 2030 and 2035 [1][4]. Summary by Sections Overall Requirements - The guidelines emphasize the importance of modernizing state-owned forest farms to enhance ecological quality, improve the supply of quality ecological products, and stimulate the development of characteristic industries [5]. Modern Ecological Protection System - A clear resource management system will be established for state-owned forest farms, including comprehensive asset management and the resolution of historical issues related to land ownership [6][7]. - The capacity for ecological protection management will be enhanced through modern monitoring and management technologies [8]. Development of Modern Characteristic Industry System - State-owned forest farms will be supported in developing economic forestry, deep processing industries, and ecological tourism, thereby extending the industrial chain and enhancing regional brands [9][10]. Upgrading Modern Technical Equipment System - The guidelines promote the adoption of intelligent machinery and modern equipment for various forestry operations, aiming to improve product quality and competitiveness [11][12]. Modern Management System - A classification-based management system will be implemented to enhance the operational efficiency of state-owned forest farms, focusing on their unique geographical and resource characteristics [13][14].

Core Insights - China Southern Airlines (CSA) has established a new operating branch in Xiong'an New Area, aiming to enhance travel services and support the region's development [3][4] - The launch event highlighted CSA's commitment to providing high-quality travel experiences, including direct access to Daxing Airport and seamless global connections [3] - The establishment of the Xiong'an branch is part of a broader initiative to improve transportation services and create a favorable business environment in the region [3] Group 1 - CSA's new operating branch will offer services such as "home check-in" and direct flights to Daxing Airport, enhancing convenience for travelers [3] - The company has introduced three core products focused on the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, including enhanced city routes and new international destinations [4] - The launch of integrated transport solutions, combining air and ground services, aims to create a comprehensive travel network and improve connectivity [4] Group 2 - The new services include "Nanchang Express" and "One-Minute Boarding" to facilitate global connectivity and optimize the Daxing hub [4] - CSA is also focusing on eco-friendly products that integrate hotel services and business accommodations, catering to personalized travel needs [4] - The initiative is expected to significantly contribute to the internationalization and convenience of the business environment in Xiong'an New Area [3][4]

Core Points - China Southern Airlines (CSA) has officially established its Xiong'an branch to enhance travel services in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, aiming to create a high-quality travel experience for passengers [1][2] - The launch includes three core aviation products designed to improve connectivity and service efficiency, including route products, intermodal products, and ecological products [1][2] Group 1: Service Offerings - The three major products launched by CSA include: - Route products that enhance core city routes and introduce new international destinations, complemented by services like "CSA Fast Line" and "One-Minute Boarding" to strengthen the hub function of Beijing Daxing Airport [1] - Intermodal products that integrate air and ground resources, creating urban terminals and providing services like "CSA Smooth Travel" and Daxing pick-up services to address ground transportation challenges [1] - Ecological products that link CSA's resources such as Meizhu Hotel and CSA Catering to create a comprehensive service system covering the entire travel chain for passengers [1] Group 2: Future Development Plans - CSA plans to focus on three areas for future growth: - Improving the route network and increasing the frequency of key routes [2] - Strengthening the hub status of Daxing Airport and promoting a service pattern that emphasizes collaboration among Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, with Xiong'an as a key player [2] - Collaborating with government and enterprises to build a multi-modal transport and customer management community, optimizing the entire service process [2]