Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Outperform" rating for the environmental and public utility sector [7]. Core Insights - The report emphasizes the potential of Real World Assets (RWA) in conjunction with renewable energy companies, highlighting that RWA could become a significant development direction for stablecoins, with a projected market size of $16 trillion by 2030 [24][39]. - The report discusses the recent advancements in RWA, particularly in Hong Kong, where the Ensemble project has initiated themes related to green and sustainable finance, indicating a shift towards tokenizing assets like carbon credits and renewable energy charging stations [39][40]. Summary by Sections 1. RWA and Renewable Energy - RWA connects real-world assets with digital finance, providing unique value in bridging virtual and real economies [27]. - The Ensemble project in Hong Kong includes green finance as a key theme, with the first project involving the tokenization of electric vehicle charging stations [39][40]. - RWA technology can lower investment thresholds and attract more investors, offering new financing channels for renewable energy companies [42]. 2. Market Review - From July 5 to July 18, the Shanghai Composite Index rose by 1.79%, while the environmental index increased by 2.66%, outperforming the composite index [43]. - The public utility index decreased by 0.27%, underperforming the Shanghai Composite Index by 2.06 percentage points [43]. 3. Market Information Tracking - In July 2025, the average transaction price for electricity in Jiangsu was 395.6 RMB/MWh, up 26.47% month-on-month [55]. - The price of thermal coal at Qinhuangdao Port was reported at 642 RMB/ton, reflecting a 19 RMB/ton increase from the previous week [58]. 4. Industry Dynamics - The report notes that the garbage incineration sector is seeing improved cash flow due to debt reduction policies, while companies are exploring new trends such as high-energy direct power supply [13]. - The water service sector is expected to enhance profitability as residential water prices gradually adjust [13]. 5. Investment Portfolio and Recommendations - For public utilities, the report suggests focusing on thermal power companies that are expected to perform well due to proximity to coal production areas and cost reductions [12]. - In the green energy sector, companies that integrate power generation, sales, and consumption are recommended for their resilience against market disruptions [12].

Group 1 - The article focuses on the disruptive impact of stablecoins on traditional monetary theory, proposing the "algorithmic liquidity" theory to explain the shift from a "central bank-commercial bank" intermediary model to a "code-network" disintermediation model [1][2] - The rise of stablecoins, particularly since the introduction of USDT in 2014, has led to a significant increase in their market value, projected to exceed $250 billion by 2025, with a trading volume surpassing $25 trillion annually [1][2] - The study highlights the limitations of traditional monetary theory in the digital age, emphasizing the need for a new framework to understand the supply of money and its implications for global financial regulation [1][2] Group 2 - Traditional monetary theory is based on a binary structure involving central banks and commercial banks, which has been effective in explaining monetary supply in the industrial era but is increasingly challenged by the emergence of stablecoins [2][4] - The article identifies three main dilemmas faced by traditional monetary theory in the context of stablecoins: the failure of liquidity stratification, the breakdown of the money multiplier, and the ungoverned distribution of cross-border liquidity [2][7][12] - The emergence of stablecoins has led to a "flattening" of liquidity, allowing for instant conversions across different asset classes, which undermines the traditional hierarchical liquidity structure [8][9] Group 3 - The article introduces the concept of "algorithmic liquidity," which describes the decentralized production of liquidity through blockchain technology and smart contracts, contrasting it with traditional liquidity production mechanisms [13][14] - Algorithmic liquidity is characterized by three types: fiat-collateralized, crypto-collateralized, and algorithmic stablecoins, each with distinct production logic and mechanisms [18][19] - The study constructs a mathematical model for algorithmic liquidity production, revealing its unique expansion mechanisms driven by network effects and scenario penetration [24][27] Group 4 - Case studies of USDT and DAI illustrate the practical applications of algorithmic liquidity, with USDT serving as a fiat-collateralized stablecoin that enhances dollar liquidity in emerging markets, while DAI exemplifies a crypto-collateralized model that operates independently of traditional monetary systems [29][30][31] - The comparison between USDT and DAI highlights the spectrum of algorithmic liquidity, showing how different types of stablecoins interact with traditional monetary systems, from digital extensions of fiat to independent liquidity sources [33]

Core Insights - Stablecoins are a type of cryptocurrency designed to maintain a stable value, typically pegged to fiat currencies or real assets, making them suitable for daily transactions [4][9] - The global stablecoin market has surpassed $200 billion as of 2025, with on-chain transactions in 2024 exceeding $32 trillion, indicating significant potential as a payment method [10] Group 1: Overview and Characteristics - Stablecoins serve as a bridge between digital currencies and fiat money, rapidly gaining traction in the financial sector [3] - Major stablecoins include USDT (Tether) and USDC (USD Coin), which together account for approximately 80%-85% of the market share [6] Group 2: Applications in Cultural Industries - Stablecoins are entering various cultural sectors, including film, music, gaming, and art, showcasing unique application potential [3] - In the film industry, stablecoins are used for financing, distribution, and copyright management, providing new possibilities for funding and revenue sharing [13][20] Group 3: Film Industry Applications - Case 1: Independent films have utilized stablecoins for fundraising through token issuance, allowing investors to participate in film projects with reduced risk [15] - Case 2: Films like "Zero Contact" have issued NFTs, enabling fans to purchase exclusive content using stablecoins, thus enhancing audience engagement [17] - Case 3: Some cinemas in the U.S. allow payments for tickets and concessions using stablecoins, streamlining cross-border revenue sharing [19] Group 4: Music Industry Applications - Case 1: Audius, a decentralized music platform, uses USDC for payments, allowing creators to receive near-instant payments while ensuring transparency [27] - Case 2: Independent musicians have sold NFTs with stablecoin payments, providing a stable pricing mechanism for digital assets [29] Group 5: Gaming Industry Applications - Case 1: Blockchain games like Axie Infinity allow players to earn and use stablecoins for in-game purchases, ensuring stable value for rewards [37] - Case 2: Stablecoins facilitate secure transactions in decentralized markets for virtual assets, enhancing player confidence in asset value [39] Group 6: Art Industry Applications - Case 1: Auction houses like Christie's and Sotheby's have begun accepting stablecoins for high-value art transactions, improving payment efficiency and reducing currency risk [48] - Case 2: Stablecoins are increasingly used in NFT markets, providing a stable pricing mechanism and enhancing liquidity [50] Group 7: Advantages and Challenges - Advantages of stablecoins include democratized financing, efficient settlement processes, and enhanced cross-border transactions [24][33] - Challenges include market volatility risks, regulatory uncertainties, and the need for broader acceptance within traditional industries [24][33][55] Group 8: Future Trends - The regulatory framework for stablecoins is expected to become clearer, facilitating compliant applications in cultural industries [60] - Technological advancements will improve user experience and transaction efficiency, making stablecoins more integrated into existing digital ecosystems [63] - Stablecoins may coexist with Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), enhancing their role in the financial landscape [65] - Innovative application models are anticipated, including crowdfunding platforms and real-time royalty distribution systems [68]

Core Insights - Yiwu International Trade City is the world's largest small commodity distribution center, attracting over 560,000 foreign buyers annually and exporting to 233 countries and regions [1] - There are rumors that over 3,000 merchants in Yiwu are using stablecoins like USDT for payments, with monthly transaction volumes exceeding $10 billion, although many merchants remain unfamiliar with stablecoins [1][2] - Stablecoins are digital assets pegged to fiat currencies, offering advantages in cross-border payments, with transaction times reduced to about 2 minutes compared to traditional wire transfers that take 2-3 business days [1] - The on-chain stablecoin transaction volume in Yiwu is estimated to exceed $10 billion in 2023, indicating significant potential for application in specific trade scenarios [1] Merchant Adoption - Despite limited awareness, some merchants are beginning to accept stablecoin payments, often converting them to fiat through intermediaries, incurring exchange costs of about 3%-5% [2] - Traditional settlement methods remain dominant, influenced by export tax rebate policies, with Yiwu's total export tax rebates reaching 12.071 billion yuan in 2023, a year-on-year increase of 14.78% [2] - Concerns about compliance and potential anti-money laundering scrutiny are prevalent among merchants regarding stablecoin usage [2] Regulatory and Market Infrastructure - Zhejiang China Commodity City Group has expressed interest in the regulatory framework for stablecoins in Hong Kong and plans to apply for a license once regulations are clarified [2] - The success of stablecoins in Yiwu's traditional small commodity trade ecosystem depends on covering exchange costs and compliance risks, as well as the improvement of regulatory frameworks and market infrastructure [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the current status and potential of stablecoin usage in Yiwu, China, highlighting the gap between market expectations and actual merchant adoption [1][9]. Group 1: Stablecoin Usage in Yiwu - Yiwu has become a focal point for stablecoin applications in cross-border payments, with estimates suggesting over $10 billion in stablecoin transactions in 2023 [1][9]. - Despite claims of over 3,000 merchants using stablecoins like USDT, many merchants are unaware of stablecoins and express concerns about compliance and costs [1][2][8]. - A small number of merchants show interest in stablecoins, but most still rely on traditional payment methods [7][9]. Group 2: Yiwu International Trade City - Yiwu International Trade City is the largest small commodity distribution center globally, with over 6.4 million square meters of operating space and 75,000 business units [3]. - The city attracts over 560,000 foreign buyers annually, with products exported to 233 countries and regions [3]. Group 3: Advantages and Challenges of Stablecoins - Stablecoins offer advantages such as reduced transaction times (from days to minutes) and lower costs compared to traditional cross-border payment methods [12]. - However, the widespread adoption of stablecoins faces challenges, including the potential loss of export tax rebates and the need for traditional banking data for loans [13][14]. - Merchants are also concerned about the risks associated with stablecoin transactions, such as money laundering and account freezes [14]. Group 4: Regulatory Considerations - Yiwu Small Commodity City is monitoring the regulatory framework for stablecoins in Hong Kong and may apply for a stablecoin license through its cross-border payment platform, Yiwu Pay [16].

Core Insights - The article highlights the significant role of stablecoin companies in purchasing U.S. Treasury bonds, with a total of $1.5 trillion acquired over 18 months, surpassing the holdings of major traditional buyers like China and Japan [1][3]. Group 1: Stablecoin Impact on U.S. Treasury Bonds - Stablecoin companies have transformed into major buyers of U.S. Treasury bonds, effectively acting as a "perpetual motion machine" for these assets due to regulatory requirements [3]. - The global market capitalization of stablecoins has surged to $2.4 trillion, with daily transaction volumes reaching $27.6 trillion, exceeding the combined volumes of Visa and Mastercard [3]. - The decline of traditional buyers, such as China reducing its holdings to $765.4 billion, indicates a broader trend of capital flight from U.S. Treasuries [3]. Group 2: Financial Mechanisms and Risks - The U.S. government is leveraging stablecoins to indirectly finance its debt, with companies like Circle being integrated into the financial system as quasi-central banks [5]. - The concentration of stablecoin assets in U.S. Treasuries poses significant risks, as 66% of Tether's assets are tied to these bonds, creating potential vulnerabilities in case of a default or rising interest rates [5]. - The liquidity risk is highlighted, with stablecoins only able to handle 15% of potential redemption pressures, while upcoming U.S. debt maturities could require them to absorb 20% [5]. Group 3: Geopolitical Implications - The article discusses the geopolitical maneuvering, with countries like China diversifying their reserves away from U.S. Treasuries and increasing gold holdings [6]. - The use of stablecoins in international trade, such as purchasing oil with USDT, suggests a complex relationship between decentralized finance and U.S. dollar dominance [6]. - The potential for a financial crisis is underscored, as reliance on retail investor confidence could lead to a rapid collapse in the event of a panic sell-off [6].

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Overweight" [3][22]. Core Viewpoints - The report highlights the successful listing of Circle, marking it as the first public stablecoin company, with its stock price increasing nearly 2.5 times since its IPO, leading to a market capitalization of approximately $23.8 billion [6][7]. - The stablecoin market has seen explosive growth, with its total size increasing from $20 billion in 2020 to $246 billion by May 2025, alongside a 598% increase in trading volume [6][7]. - The report emphasizes three main growth themes: Blockchain + Fintech, New Energy + RWA (Real World Assets), and Cross-Border Payments [6][7]. Summary by Sections Recommended Companies - Key recommendations include companies such as Xinjie Electric, Beite Technology, Hanwei Technology, Zhaowei Electromechanical, Hengli Hydraulic, and Nuwei Co., Ltd. [4]. Industry Focus: Humanoid Robots - The humanoid robot industry is expected to see a cumulative demand of approximately 2 million units by 2030, currently in a critical breakthrough phase [5][6]. - The report suggests focusing on Tier 1 and core component suppliers within this sector [6]. Industry Focus: Photovoltaic Equipment - The penetration rate of N-type photovoltaic technology is accelerating, enhancing the competitiveness of leading companies [17]. - The report recommends companies like Maiwei Co. and Jiejia Weichuang for their technological innovations and customer bases [17]. Industry Focus: Energy Storage - Energy storage is essential for building a new type of power grid, with favorable policies boosting industry growth [17]. - Leading companies in battery, inverter, and integration segments are highlighted as key investment opportunities [17]. Industry Focus: Semiconductor Equipment - The semiconductor equipment market is projected to reach $140 billion by 2030, with a growing share from mainland China [17]. - The report suggests focusing on platform companies and domestic replacements that are expected to break through quickly [17]. Industry Focus: Automation - The market for industrial consumables is around $40 billion, expected to reach $55.7 billion by 2026, with leading companies benefiting from increased concentration and import substitution [17][18]. Industry Focus: Hydrogen Energy - Green hydrogen aligns with carbon neutrality goals, with rapid development in photovoltaic and wind energy laying the foundation for hydrogen production [17]. Industry Focus: Engineering Machinery - The report recommends focusing on leading companies with product, scale, and cost advantages in the engineering machinery sector [17][18].