Report's Investment Rating for the Industry There is no information provided regarding the report's investment rating for the industry. Core Views of the Report - Vale: In Q3, production and sales increased year-on-year, and the annual production target remained unchanged. The quarterly iron ore production was 94.4 million tons, a 12.9% increase quarter-on-quarter and a 3.8% increase year-on-year. The quarterly iron ore sales were 86 million tons, a 11.2% increase quarter-on-quarter and a 5.1% increase year-on-year. The company maintained its 2025 production target of 325 - 335 million tons [4][5]. - Rio Tinto: In Q3, production and sales were flat year-on-year, and the Simandou iron ore started loading in October. The iron ore production of Pilbara operations was 84.1 million tons, with a 0.4% quarter-on-quarter increase. The company expects to supply 50 - 100 million tons from Simandou this year [6][7]. - BHP: In Q3, iron ore production and sales were below expectations, and the fiscal year 2026 target was slightly raised. The iron ore production of Pilbara operations was 70.25 million tons, a 9.3% decrease quarter-on-quarter and a 1.9% decrease year-on-year. The fiscal year 2026 target was maintained at 284 - 296 million tons, an increase of 2 million tons from the previous fiscal year [8][9]. - FMG: In Q3, production and sales increased year-on-year, and shipments in Q4 are expected to remain at a high level. The total iron ore processing volume was 50.8 million tons, a 6.6% decrease quarter-on-quarter and a 5.8% increase year-on-year. The iron ore shipments reached 49.7 million tons, a 10% decrease quarter-on-quarter and a 4.2% increase year-on-year. The fiscal year 2026 shipment target was set at 195 - 205 million tons [10][11]. Summary by Company Vale - Production: Q3 production was 94.4 million tons, a 12.9% increase quarter-on-quarter and a 3.8% increase year-on-year. The production in the first three quarters of 2025 increased by 3.27 million tons or 1.3% year-on-year [4][17]. - Sales: Q3 sales were 86 million tons, a 11.2% increase quarter-on-quarter and a 5.1% increase year-on-year. The sales from January to September increased by 1.8% year-on-year [4][5]. - Shipping: As of October 17, the cumulative year-on-year increase in shipments was 200,000 tons, a decrease of nearly 2.2 million tons from the peak. The cumulative year-on-year decrease in arrivals at Chinese ports narrowed to about 930,000 tons [27][30]. Rio Tinto - Production: Q3 production of Pilbara operations was 84.1 million tons, a 0.4% increase quarter-on-quarter and flat year-on-year. The company expects to supply 50 - 100 million tons from Simandou this year [6][7]. - Sales: Q3 sales of Pilbara operations were 90.81 million tons, a 5.0% increase quarter-on-quarter and a 4.0% increase year-on-year. The 2025 shipment target for Pilbara iron ore remains unchanged at 323 - 338 million tons [36]. - Shipping: As of October 17, the cumulative year-on-year decrease in shipments was 2 million tons, a recovery of 3.2 million tons from the low point. The cumulative year-on-year increase in shipments to China was 2.59 million tons, a recovery of 4.65 million tons from the low point. The cumulative year-on-year increase in arrivals at Chinese ports was 610,000 tons [44]. BHP - Production: Q3 production of Pilbara operations was 70.25 million tons, a 9.3% decrease quarter-on-quarter and a 1.9% decrease year-on-year. The fiscal year 2026 target was maintained at 284 - 296 million tons, an increase of 2 million tons from the previous fiscal year [8][9]. - Sales: Q3 total sales of Pilbara operations were 70.59 million tons, an 8.0% decrease quarter-on-quarter and a 1.3% decrease year-on-year [9]. - Shipping: As of October 17, the cumulative year-on-year decrease in shipments was 2.27 million tons, a decrease of 800,000 tons from early July. The cumulative year-on-year decrease in shipments to China was 2.87 million tons, a decrease of 1.4 million tons from early July. The cumulative year-on-year decrease in arrivals at Chinese ports was 10.61 million tons [57]. FMG - Production: Q3 total iron ore processing volume was 50.8 million tons, a 6.6% decrease quarter-on-quarter and a 5.8% increase year-on-year. The Iron Bridge project contributed 2.1 million tons, a 12% decrease quarter-on-quarter and a 31.25% increase year-on-year [10]. - Sales: Q3 iron ore shipments reached 49.7 million tons, a 10% decrease quarter-on-quarter and a 4.2% increase year-on-year. The fiscal year 2026 shipment target was set at 195 - 205 million tons [10][11]. - Shipping: As of October 17, the cumulative year-on-year increase in shipments was 8.72 million tons, and the cumulative year-on-year increase in shipments to China was 8.93 million tons. The cumulative year-on-year increase in arrivals at Chinese ports was 540,000 tons [63].

Core Viewpoint - The importance of safety in industrial operations is emphasized, highlighting that safety is the foundation for production and development, and even a small oversight can lead to significant disasters [1][2][3]. Group 1: Safety Practices - The company prioritizes meticulous attention to detail in safety measures, with a focus on observing and identifying potential hazards through careful inspection and monitoring [2][3]. - Historical practices of safety, such as using manual checks and hands-on observations, are contrasted with modern technological advancements that enhance safety protocols [4]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - The transition from manual inspections to automated monitoring systems represents a significant upgrade in safety measures, allowing for real-time tracking of equipment status and automatic alerts for anomalies [4]. - The implementation of automated production lines and efficient dust control systems has improved the working environment, contributing to a safer and cleaner industrial space [4]. Group 3: Cultural Attitude Towards Safety - A culture of responsibility and vigilance is cultivated within the company, where every employee is encouraged to be detail-oriented and proactive in identifying safety risks [2][3]. - The legacy of safety practices is passed down through generations, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a rigorous approach to safety as a core value of the organization [2][4].

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Views - The production and sales of Vale in the second quarter showed differentiation, and the annual production target remained unchanged. Vale's quarterly iron ore production in the second quarter was 83.6 million tons, a quarter-on-quarter increase of 23.6% and a year-on-year increase of 3 million tons or 3.7%. The quarterly iron ore sales volume was 77.346 million tons, a quarter-on-quarter increase of 16.9% and a year-on-year decrease of 2.45 million tons or 3.1% [3][4]. - Rio Tinto's production and sales both increased significantly in the second quarter, and the shipment of Simandou iron ore was advanced to November. In the second quarter of 2025, Rio Tinto's iron ore production from its Pilbara operations was 83.74 million tons, a quarter-on-quarter increase of 20% and a year-on-year increase of 5.4%. The sales volume was 86.47 million tons, a quarter-on-quarter increase of 14.8% and a year-on-year decrease of 1.1%, with the decline significantly narrowing compared to the first quarter [5][6]. - BHP Billiton's iron ore production and sales both increased quarter-on-quarter and year-on-year in the second quarter, and the target for the 2026 fiscal year was slightly raised. In the second quarter of 2025, BHP Billiton's iron ore production from its Pilbara operations (100% basis) was 77.48 million tons, a quarter-on-quarter increase of 14.2% and a year-on-year increase of 0.9%. The total sales volume was 76.723 million tons, a quarter-on-quarter increase of 14.9% and a year-on-year increase of 1.1% [8][9]. - FMG's production and sales both increased quarter-on-quarter and year-on-year in the second quarter, and the single-quarter shipment reached a record high. In the second quarter, FMG's total iron ore processing volume was 54.4 million tons, a quarter-on-quarter increase of 14.3% and a year-on-year increase of 7.1%. The iron ore shipment volume reached 55.2 million tons, a quarter-on-quarter increase of 19.7% and a year-on-year increase of 2.8% [10]. Summary by Directory Vale - Production: The quarterly iron ore production in the second quarter was 83.6 million tons, a quarter-on-quarter increase of 23.6% and a year-on-year increase of 3 million tons or 3.7%. The increase was mainly due to the strong performance of the Brucutu mine in Minas Gerais and the record-high production of the S11D mine in Parana. The annual production target for 2025 is 325 - 335 million tons, and the new projects VGR1 and Capanema are expected to contribute incremental output in the second half of the year [3][16]. - Sales: The quarterly iron ore sales volume in the second quarter was 77.346 million tons, a quarter-on-quarter increase of 16.9% and a year-on-year decrease of 2.45 million tons or 3.1%. Sales decreased in most regions, with the overall sales volume turning negative year-on-year [4][21]. - Shipping and Arrival: From the steel shipping data, Vale's shipments showed a positive year-on-year growth in the second quarter. As of July 21, the cumulative year-on-year increase in iron ore shipments was 2.24 million tons, and the cumulative year-on-year decrease in China's port iron ore arrivals narrowed to about 5.6 million tons [26]. Rio Tinto - Production: In the second quarter of 2025, the iron ore production from its Pilbara operations was 83.74 million tons, a quarter-on-quarter increase of 20% and a year-on-year increase of 5.4%. The Simandou iron ore will ship its first cargo in November 2025, earlier than previously planned, with a limited supply volume this year [5][31]. - Sales: The sales volume in the second quarter was 86.47 million tons, a quarter-on-quarter increase of 14.8% and a year-on-year decrease of 1.1%, with the decline significantly narrowing compared to the first quarter. The 2025 Pilbara iron ore shipment target (100%) remains unchanged at 323 - 338 million tons, but the shipment volume is expected to be at the lower end of the guidance due to the difficult-to-make-up reduction caused by extreme weather events in the first quarter [6][36]. - Shipping and Arrival: The incremental iron ore shipments in the second quarter showed a pattern of high in the front and low in the back. As of July 21, the cumulative year-on-year decrease in iron ore shipments was 4.65 million tons, and the cumulative year-on-year decrease in shipments to China was 1.08 million tons. The cumulative year-on-year decrease in China's port iron ore arrivals was 1.66 million tons [44]. BHP Billiton - Production: In the second quarter of 2025, the iron ore production from its Pilbara operations (100% basis) was 77.48 million tons, a quarter-on-quarter increase of 14.2% and a year-on-year increase of 0.9%. The production in 2025 fiscal year was 288 million tons, the same as last year, meeting the fiscal year target. The target guidance for the 2026 fiscal year is 284 - 296 million tons (100% basis) [8][51]. - Sales: The total sales volume in the second quarter was 76.723 million tons, a quarter-on-quarter increase of 14.9% and a year-on-year increase of 1.1% [9][54]. - Shipping and Arrival: The shipments continued to recover year-on-year. As of July 21, the cumulative year-on-year decrease in iron ore shipments was 1.09 million tons, and the cumulative year-on-year decrease in shipments to China was 1.67 million tons. The cumulative year-on-year decrease in China's port iron ore arrivals reached 7 million tons [60]. FMG - Production and Sales: In the second quarter, the total iron ore processing volume was 54.4 million tons, a quarter-on-quarter increase of 14.3% and a year-on-year increase of 7.1%. The iron ore shipment volume reached 55.2 million tons, a quarter-on-quarter increase of 19.7% and a year-on-year increase of 2.8%, with a record-high single-quarter shipment [10][63]. - Iron Bridge Project: The Iron Bridge magnetite project contributed 2.4 million tons, with continuous production increase and still in the phased capacity ramp-up [63]. - Fiscal Year Target: The 2026 fiscal year shipment target is set at 195 - 205 million tons (with a target shipment volume of 10 - 12 million tons for the Iron Bridge project), with the upper and lower limits of the guidance target for the 2025 fiscal year increased by 5 million tons respectively [10][63]. - Shipping and Arrival: The cumulative year-on-year growth in shipments was maintained. As of July 21, the cumulative year-on-year increase in iron ore shipments was 5.59 million tons, and the cumulative year-on-year increase in shipments to China was 5.84 million tons. The cumulative year-on-year decrease in China's port iron ore arrivals was 3.07 million tons [66].

Group 1 - The U.S. President announced a 50% tariff on imported semi-finished copper products and copper-intensive derivatives, effective from August 1, which has a limited impact on India's exports to the U.S. valued at $360 million for FY2025 [1] - The Global Trade Research Institute (GTRI) stated that the tariff creates a level playing field among global suppliers, indicating that India is not likely to face specific disadvantages compared to other countries [1] - India is a net importer of copper, with total imports projected at $14.45 billion for FY2024-25, significantly exceeding its exports [1] Group 2 - India imports $288 million worth of scrap copper from the U.S., but this trade may become less feasible due to the disruption in bilateral copper trade channels [2] - The U.S. aims to reduce reliance on foreign copper resources through protective tariffs, while India imposes lower import tariffs on copper ore and concentrates [2] - The sudden 50% increase in input costs for copper is expected to impact industries such as electric vehicles, power grids, semiconductors, and defense electronics, potentially slowing production and hindering the U.S. clean energy transition [2]

Report Industry Investment Rating - No information provided on the report industry investment rating Core Viewpoints - The rising spot premium restricts the decline of copper prices [1] - The trend strength of copper is 0, indicating a neutral outlook [3] Summary by Relevant Catalogs Copper Fundamental Data - **Futures Prices**: The closing price of the Shanghai Copper main contract was 78,040 with a daily decline of 1.13%, and the night - session closing price was 78,010 with a decline of 0.04%. The LME Copper 3M electronic disk closed at 9,607 with a decline of 1.26% [1] - **Trading Volume and Open Interest**: The trading volume of the Shanghai Copper main contract was 109,011, an increase of 53,123 from the previous day, and the open interest was 176,193, an increase of 4,504. The trading volume of the LME Copper 3M electronic disk was 46,546, an increase of 30,514, and the open interest was 271,000, an increase of 221 [1] - **Futures Inventory**: The Shanghai Copper inventory was 19,622, a decrease of 351, and the LME Copper inventory was 138,200, an increase of 1,350. The LME Copper注销仓单 ratio was 12.28%, a decrease of 1.87% [1] - **Spreads**: The LME Copper spread was - 50.76, a decrease of 3.96 from the previous day. The Shanghai 1 bright copper price was 73,600, an increase of 100. The spot - to - near - term futures spread was 165, an increase of 55 [1] Macro and Industry News - **Macro News**: The US core PCE price index in June was 2.8% year - on - year, reaching a 4 - month high. Trump said the US - Mexico tariff agreement would be extended by 90 days, and the US Commerce Secretary claimed to have reached trade agreements with Cambodia and Thailand [1] - **Micro News**: Chile expects to get Trump's tariff exemption, causing New York copper to fall more than 6% and copper mining stocks to decline generally. Peru is evaluating 134 mining exploration and development projects with an expected investment of $6 billion. Trump will impose a 50% tariff on imported semi - finished copper products and copper - intensive derivatives starting from August 1 [1][3]

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. government has announced a 50% tariff on various imported copper products, effective August 1, which has led to significant market reactions, particularly a sharp decline in COMEX copper prices [1][3]. Market Reaction - COMEX copper prices plummeted over 18% on July 30, with the decline continuing, while LME copper showed minimal reaction, resulting in a significant narrowing of the price spread between COMEX and LME copper [1][4]. - The collapse of the abnormal premium structure for U.S. copper means that traders will lack incentives to transport copper from other regions to the U.S., leading to concerns about limited copper inflow into the U.S. market [4]. Implications for Supply and Demand - The U.S. copper import volume has nearly reached last year's total, and without price incentives, the inflow of copper from other regions may be restricted, potentially leading to a re-export scenario [4]. - LME copper inventories have accumulated nearly 50,000 tons since early July, with expectations of further increases in inventory levels due to the reduced impact of tariffs on refined copper [4]. Future Considerations - President Trump has not ruled out the possibility of imposing tariffs on refined copper in the future, with potential phased tariffs starting in 2027 [5]. - The U.S. administration's directive includes measures to support the domestic copper industry, such as requiring that 25% of high-quality scrap copper produced domestically must be sold within the U.S. [5].

Group 1 - The U.S. government announced a 50% tariff on various imported copper products, effective from August 1 [1][2] - The tariff applies to semi-finished copper products and copper-intensive derivatives, while certain copper input materials and scrap are exempt [1] - The announcement was made under the authority of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, citing national security concerns [1] Group 2 - Following the tariff announcement, copper prices in New York fell by over 18% [2] - The imposition of tariffs is expected to significantly increase costs for U.S. manufacturers, potentially impacting the manufacturing sector adversely [2]