Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significant health threats posed by ultra-processed foods, urging governments worldwide to take action against their proliferation [1][2][3] Group 1: Definition and Impact of Ultra-Processed Foods - Ultra-processed foods are typically characterized by complex industrial processing, high palatability, and profitability, often including hydrogenation, frying, and various additives [1] - A study cited in the article indicates that 92 out of 104 studies link ultra-processed foods to chronic diseases, including obesity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, kidney disease, gastrointestinal disorders, and depression [2] - In the U.S., ultra-processed foods account for 70% of supermarket shelves, with children obtaining 62% of their daily caloric intake from these foods, while adults derive about 53% [2] Group 2: Market Dynamics and Financial Aspects - The global sales of ultra-processed foods have increased from $1.5 trillion in 2009 to $1.9 trillion in 2023, with eight major companies controlling 42% of the market [2] - As Western markets become saturated, companies are intensifying efforts to penetrate South American, African, and Indian markets, adversely affecting local traditional and healthy food markets [2] Group 3: Political and Social Implications - The article discusses a complex network of interests involving advertising firms, fast-food chains, suppliers, lobbyists, influencers, and even research institutions that work to obscure the negative impacts of ultra-processed foods [3] - The authors of the article advocate for the establishment of a multinational coalition involving governments, UN agencies, researchers, and public representatives to combat the growth of unhealthy foods [3] - The World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF have expressed support for the initiative, emphasizing the need for international policy frameworks to protect children and families from the harms of ultra-processed foods [3]

Core Insights - The food system is heavily reliant on fossil fuels, consuming at least 15% of the world's fossil fuels and 40% of petrochemical products, which are crucial derivatives of fossil fuels [1][2][3] Group 1: Fossil Fuel Consumption in Food Systems - Over 42% of fossil fuel consumption in the food system occurs during food processing and packaging, while nearly 38% is used in retail and kitchen cooking [3][5] - The food system consumes 40% of global petrochemical products, with 34% used for fertilizer production, highlighting the significant role of fossil fuels in agricultural inputs [5][8] Group 2: Nitrogen Fertilizer and Environmental Impact - Nitrogen fertilizer production is a major contributor to fossil fuel consumption, with its usage increasing by 800% since 1961, particularly in high-income countries [9][10] - The nitrogen fertilizer supply chain contributes to 2% of global greenhouse gas emissions, with 60% of emissions arising from the application of fertilizers in the field [9][10] Group 3: Energy Use in Food Processing - The food processing sector is energy-intensive, with 60% to 70% of its total energy consumption coming from heat generated by burning fossil fuels [19][23] - Ultra-processed foods, which are heavily reliant on fossil fuels, account for a significant portion of caloric intake in both high-income and low-income countries [19][23] Group 4: Plastic Use and Waste in Food Systems - The food system is a major consumer of plastics, with 74% of petrochemical products used in plastic and fertilizer production, and Asia being a significant contributor to global plastic packaging [23][24] - Less than 10% of plastics are recycled globally, with food packaging being one of the most challenging types to recycle due to contamination [25][26] Group 5: Recommendations for Reducing Fossil Fuel Dependency - The report suggests eight actions to reduce the food system's reliance on fossil fuels, including promoting ecological agriculture, reducing plastic production, and curbing ultra-processed food consumption [30]

肥胖已成为21世纪最严峻的全球公共卫生危机之一，其蔓延速度令人震惊。据世界卫生组织最新统计，过去半个世纪全球超重人口激增 近三倍，这一数字仍在持续攀升。 传统观点将肥胖简单归结为能量失衡——即"摄入过多而消耗不足"，这种理论主导了数十年的肥胖防治策略。然而，国际知名代谢研究 专家Ba r ba r a E. Co r ke y教授的最新研究发现，肥胖的成因远比我们想象的复杂。她的突破性研究指出，现代饮食中普遍存在的食品添 加剂、环境内分泌干扰物等因素，可能正在悄然改变人体的代谢调控机制。 这些隐藏在日常生活背后的"代谢干扰因子"，正以我们尚未完全理解的方式，重塑着人类的能量代谢平衡系统。这一理论为理解全球肥 胖流行提供了全新视角，也解释了为何单纯依靠"少吃多动"往往难以取得理想效果。 随着研究的深入，科学家们逐渐意识到，对抗肥胖需要从更宏观的环境因素和更微观的分子机制双重维度着手。这场关乎人类健康的持 久战，正在揭开其复杂性的冰山一角。 ▍"少吃多动"失效之谜：科学家揭开肥胖背后的隐形推手 长期以来，"管住嘴、迈开腿"被视为对抗肥胖的金科玉律，但越来越多的人发现，即便严格控制饮食、坚持运动，体重仍难以有效下 ...

Core Findings - A recent study indicates that excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods significantly increases inflammation levels in the body, particularly among older adults, smokers, and obese individuals [1][2] - The research warns that ultra-processed foods may elevate the risk of cancer and other chronic diseases, urging for stricter health policies [1] Group 1: Study Overview - The research team analyzed data from over 9,000 American adults, focusing on dietary habits, levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and other health factors [1][2] - Ultra-processed foods are defined as industrially processed items like sodas, snacks, and processed meats, which are often high in additives and low in nutritional value [1] Group 2: Findings on Inflammation - The median daily energy intake from ultra-processed foods among study participants was 35%, with the lowest group consuming 0% to 19% and the highest group consuming 60% to 79% [2] - After adjusting for age, gender, smoking, exercise, and other health indicators, the highest group showed a significant increase in hs-CRP levels, with an 11% higher inflammation risk compared to the lowest group [2] Group 3: Demographic Insights - Inflammation risk was notably higher in specific demographics, with individuals aged 50 to 59 having a 26% higher risk compared to those aged 18 to 29 [2] - Obese individuals faced an 80% higher inflammation risk compared to those with a healthy weight, while smokers had a 17% higher risk than non-smokers [2] Group 4: Implications - The findings have significant implications for clinical practice and public health policy, providing direction for future research aimed at understanding and mitigating health risks associated with ultra-processed foods [2]

新华社巴黎8月28日电（记者罗毓）法国国家科学研究中心参与的一项新研究表明，在热量摄入相同的 情况下，富含超加工食品的饮食不仅不利于体重管理，还会对男性生殖功能产生负面影响。研究成果已 于28日发表在美国《细胞－代谢》月刊上。 参与者先遵循其中一种饮食方案三周，然后恢复三个月的日常饮食，之后再遵循三周的另一种饮食方 案。研究人员对他们定期抽血、进行精液分析以及体重等检测。 结果显示，富含超加工食品的饮食方案使大多数参与者的促卵泡激素（刺激精子生成的激素）和睾酮 （男性生育能力关键激素）水平下降。研究还观察到精子运动能力下降的趋势。 法国国家科学研究中心代谢表观遗传学研究主任罗曼·巴雷斯说，由于女性卵细胞采集更为复杂，该研 究未涉及女性，但"观察到的效应很可能并非男性独有"。 责编：陈亚楠、王珊宁 超加工食品指经过一系列复杂的工业加工制作，添加香料、色素、增味剂、乳化剂等多种食品添加剂， 普遍含有高糖、高盐、高脂肪、低蛋白、低膳食纤维、低微量营养素的食品，如糖果、饼干、冰淇淋、 薯条和含糖饮料等。 为探究超加工食品对健康的影响，研究人员让43名年龄在20至35岁之间、身体健康的男性接受了两种热 量相同的饮食方案 ...

Core Viewpoint - The World Health Organization (WHO) has launched the "3by35" initiative, aiming to increase the actual prices of tobacco, alcohol, and sugary drinks by at least 50% by 2035 through health taxes, which will help curb chronic diseases and generate significant public revenue [1][2]. Group 1 - The "3by35" initiative is expected to raise $1 trillion by 2035, based on evidence from countries like Colombia and South Africa [1][2]. - WHO emphasizes that health taxes are one of the most effective tools to reduce harmful product consumption and generate revenue for reinvestment in healthcare, education, and social security [1]. - WHO's Director-General highlighted the need for governments to adapt to new realities and strengthen their health systems using the funds raised from these taxes [2]. Group 2 - The initiative is the first to propose a specific price increase target for tobacco, alcohol, and sugary drinks, despite WHO's long-standing support for tobacco taxes and recent calls for taxing alcohol and sugary beverages [2]. - WHO encourages governments to review and avoid tax exemptions for unhealthy industries, which could undermine national health goals [2]. - The initiative has received support from organizations such as Bloomberg Philanthropies, the World Bank, and the OECD, which will assist countries willing to take action [4].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the alarming rise in obesity rates in China, predicting that by 2030, the adult overweight and obesity rate could reach 70.5%, approaching levels seen in developed countries like the United States [7][18]. Group 1: Obesity Trends in China - Over the past two decades, the percentage of overweight or obese adults in China has increased from 20% in 2000 to 41% in 2023 [4]. - The National Health Commission cites research predicting that if current trends continue, the adult obesity rate in China could reach 70.5% by 2030 [7][18]. - The article highlights that while China's obesity rates are rising, they still lag behind those of developed countries, where the rates are generally higher [6][8]. Group 2: Impact of Ultra-Processed Foods - The consumption of ultra-processed foods is linked to the rising obesity rates, with a 10% increase in their caloric contribution correlating to a 7% increase in the risk of becoming overweight [11]. - From 1990 to 2019, the caloric contribution of industrially processed foods in China rose from 1.5% to 28.7%, indicating a significant increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods [12]. - In developed countries, ultra-processed foods account for a substantial portion of daily caloric intake, with the U.S., U.K., and Canada reporting figures of 57.9%, 56.8%, and 45.1% respectively [12]. Group 3: Nutritional Recommendations - To combat obesity, the article emphasizes the importance of reducing ultra-processed food intake and increasing the consumption of natural and minimally processed foods [21][38]. - The National Health Commission has launched a "Weight Management Year" initiative, promoting dietary guidelines that prioritize balanced nutrition while considering regional dietary preferences [34][35]. - The guidelines recommend increasing the intake of dairy products and vegetables, which are high in protein, calcium, and dietary fiber, to help manage weight effectively [39].