2025年对中国-东盟合作而言，是在复杂多变的国际环境中稳步前行的一年。全球经济复苏动能不 足，外部不确定性风险上升，贸易保护主义阴影挥之不去。在这样的背景下，中国与东盟坚持开放合 作，以区域经济一体化对冲外部不确定性，以制度型开放拓展共同发展空间，在动荡世界中持续释放稳 定、理性与建设性的力量。 回望这一年，区域经济一体化持续深化，制度创新取得突破；基础设施互联互通稳步推进，发展瓶 颈不断破解；数字经济加快崛起，新增长极逐步形成。中国与东盟以更高水平的合作质量、更广覆盖的 合作领域，推动双边与区域合作迈上新台阶，为全球治理体系提供了难能可贵的"确定性样本"。 （来源：光明日报） 转自：光明日报 2025年11月29日，在老挝首都万象中老铁路 万象南站，发往中国郑州的木薯淀粉班列准备出发。新华社发 【记者连线】 从雅加达到万隆的"Whoosh"高铁呼啸而过，从万象驶向昆明的中老铁路列车满载而归。中国与东 盟的互联互通项目串联起区域繁荣，不仅勾勒出东盟基础设施现代化图景，也成为2025年中国-东盟深 化合作的生动注脚。 从规模扩张转向制度深化 中国-东盟合作最突出的特征之一，是区域经贸合作从规模扩张转向制度深化 ...

玛丽安娜·巴索摄（新华社发） 新华社记者 徐 钦摄 山东港口青岛港，一艘货轮驶出港口。 是那一句"爸爸的工作，是去点亮远方的灯。" 是那一句"远走异国他乡，也许没有观众，但舞台就是天地，要在寂寞中生长出坚定的信念。" …… 中国建设者不仅筑路架桥、点亮城市，更在人类共通的情感地图上，用东方的含蓄与深沉，书写着家国 故事。本报在此刊登几封海外建设者的家书，让我们一起来走进他们的世界。 ——编 者 中国土木 王超： 图为秘鲁钱凯港的码头操作区。 在印度尼西亚万隆，一列雅万高铁高速动车组列车从车站驶出。雅万高铁是中国和印尼共建"一带一 路"合作旗舰项目。 俞方平摄（人民视觉） 世界的经纬线上，交织着中国海外建设者用汗水绘制的坐标。随着共建"一带一路"倡议深入推进，成千 上万中国海外建设者在遍及全球的能源、交通、港口、园区等项目中倾注心血、挥洒青春，为互联互通 贡献中国力量。 一张张中国名片上，正面是专业与高效，背面则写满了"父亲""母亲""儿子""丈夫"的柔软署名。当岁末 的钟声临近，我们听见了那些未曾说出口的思念—— 先把事做好，再想家 爸爸妈妈： 见信如晤！ 最近坦桑尼亚已逐渐步入雨季，草原上的风夹杂着湿润的气 ...

当地时间2025年6月26日，旅客在印度尼西亚雅加达哈利姆高铁站。 中新社记者 李志全 摄 "46分钟奇迹"：雅万高铁催生区域发展新机遇 中新社广州12月7日电 题：印尼前外长哈桑：雅万高铁诠释中国式现代化的务实合作精神 中新社记者 王坚 印尼前外交部长哈桑·维拉尤达(Hassan Wirajuda)在2025年"读懂中国"国际会议(广州)期间接受中新社"东西问"采访时表 示："作为东南亚首条高铁，雅万高铁确实让我们深感自豪，它太成功、太受欢迎。"哈桑认为，这条高铁的建成运 营，展现了中国式现代化合作模式的独特魅力。 哈桑认为，作为群岛国家，印尼在清洁能源发展方面与中国有广阔的合作空间，这不仅是技术合作，更是发展理念的 共鸣。印尼在实施面向2045年独立百年的长期规划，中国也在推进第十五个五年发展规划，两国发展战略迎来历史性 的交汇点。 作为中国高铁首次全系统、全要素、全产业链出海的项目，雅万高铁开创了国际合作的新模式。"这不仅仅是修建一 条铁路，而是包括技术转让、运营维护在内的完整体系输出。"哈桑强调，该项目在建设高峰期，为当地创造了超过4 万个就业岗位，培训了数万名技术人员，这种"授人以渔"的方式正是中国 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the financial challenges faced by the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Rail (HSR) project in Indonesia, attributing these issues to a combination of over-optimistic demand forecasts, inadequate supporting infrastructure, and management shortcomings rather than solely to the financing model [5][6][10]. Financial Pressure Structural Roots: Gap Between Planning and Reality - The financial difficulties of the Jakarta-Bandung HSR stem from multiple factors, primarily the inadequacies in project planning and supporting infrastructure rather than the financing model itself [10]. - Demand forecasting was overly optimistic, with actual passenger numbers expected to be only 6 million in 2024, significantly lower than projected, leading to insufficient revenue to cover annual interest payments of nearly 20 trillion Indonesian Rupiah [10][11]. - The lack of supporting infrastructure, particularly the "last mile" connectivity, has severely impacted passenger access, negating the time advantages of the high-speed rail [11]. - Cost overruns increased the project cost from $6 billion to $7.2 billion, with management inefficiencies contributing to delays and additional expenses [11][12]. Debt Restructuring Rationality: Commercial Adjustment Rather Than Crisis Rescue - Indonesia's request for debt restructuring, including extending repayment terms and lowering interest rates, is a common practice in large infrastructure projects and reflects a pragmatic approach to market changes [13][14]. - Approximately 30%-40% of infrastructure projects in emerging economies require some form of debt adjustment during initial operations, indicating that such adjustments are not signs of project failure [14]. - China has shown flexibility in debt management in other countries, emphasizing that any restructuring should be based on substantial improvements in operational efficiency and market demand [15]. TOD Model Prospects: From Transportation Project to Urban Engine - The Indonesian government aims to leverage Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) to offset operational losses, which is a sound strategy if executed effectively [16][17]. - Successful international examples, such as Japan's JR East and Hong Kong's MTR, demonstrate the profitability of integrating commercial development around transit stations [17][18]. - Indonesia must avoid pitfalls such as short-term local government actions and excessive financialization that could lead to disorganized development [19]. Infrastructure Cooperation Paradigm Upgrade: From Project Delivery to Shared Operations - The Jakarta-Bandung HSR experience suggests a shift in China's overseas infrastructure cooperation model from a focus on construction to a more integrated approach that includes operational involvement [20][21]. - Engaging multilateral institutions in debt restructuring could facilitate fair and transparent solutions, enhancing project quality and international credibility [21][22]. - China recognizes the need for simultaneous capacity building in host countries, suggesting a comprehensive approach to training and institutional development [22]. Development Rights and Real Constraints: A New Understanding of Modernization - The article emphasizes that Indonesia has the right to pursue its modernization path, with high-speed rail representing a significant aspect of its industrial and technological aspirations [23][24]. - However, the pursuit of modernization must align with objective realities, as inadequate planning and institutional capacity can lead to financial pressures [24][25]. - The experience of the Jakarta-Bandung HSR serves as a learning opportunity for Indonesia to enhance its infrastructure planning and execution capabilities [25][26]. Conclusion: From Setbacks to Maturity - The financial pressures of the Jakarta-Bandung HSR highlight the complexities of large infrastructure projects and the importance of sustainable economic considerations in international cooperation [26][27]. - The initiation of debt restructuring negotiations reflects a mature approach from both parties, focusing on collaborative problem-solving rather than blame [27][28].

Core Points - The article emphasizes the importance of connectivity and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region, as highlighted by President Xi Jinping's speech at the APEC Business Leaders Summit, where he stated that the Pacific can become a pathway for prosperity and growth [1] - The "Happy Road" initiative is presented as a symbol of development and collaboration, with various projects under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) significantly enhancing regional connectivity and economic growth [1] Group 1: Infrastructure Projects - The Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway, a flagship project of the BRI, officially opened on October 17, 2023, reducing travel time between Jakarta and Bandung from over three hours to approximately 40 minutes, thus aiding Indonesia's economic development [2] - The railway has become one of Indonesia's busiest transit lines, attracting over 500,000 international tourists and boosting local tourism and employment [2][3] - The opening of the Qianhai Port in Peru has significantly reduced shipping time to China to about 23 days and lowered logistics costs by over 20%, enhancing trade between Peru and China [4][5] Group 2: Economic Impact - The Qianhai Port has led to a 34.9% increase in trade volume between Shanghai and Peru, facilitating the import of fresh fruits from Latin America and the export of Chinese electric vehicles [5] - The East Coast Rail Link project in Malaysia is expected to create over 23,000 jobs and collaborate with over 2,000 Malaysian companies, contributing to local economic growth [6][7] Group 3: Technological and Educational Collaboration - The Qianhai Port employs advanced technologies and provides professional training to local staff, enhancing operational efficiency and skill development [4][5] - The East Coast Rail Link project includes a training program for locomotive drivers in collaboration with a Chinese technical college, fostering skill development in the local workforce [6][7]

Core Points - The article emphasizes the importance of connectivity and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region, highlighting the "Happy Road" concept as a pathway to prosperity and growth [1] - Xi Jinping's speech at the APEC Business Leaders Summit underscores the significance of open and connected routes for regional development [1] Group 1: Infrastructure Projects - The Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway, a flagship project of the Belt and Road Initiative, officially opened on October 17, 2023, significantly reducing travel time between Jakarta and Bandung from over three hours to approximately 40 minutes [2] - The railway has become one of Indonesia's busiest transit lines, enhancing local employment and income levels, with over 500,000 international tourists using the service [2][3] - The opening of the new port in Peru, which reduces shipping time to China to about 23 days and cuts logistics costs by over 20%, represents a significant advancement in regional trade [4][5] Group 2: Economic Impact - The Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway is seen as a symbol of Indonesia's modernization and has improved the attractiveness of local industrial parks to foreign investment [2] - The "QianKai-Shanghai" shipping route has led to a 34.9% increase in trade volume between Shanghai and Peru, facilitating the import of fresh produce from Latin America to China [5] - The East Coast Rail Link project in Malaysia is expected to create over 23,000 jobs and has already trained over 2,000 local technicians, contributing to regional economic development [6][7] Group 3: Technological and Educational Advancements - The QianKai port utilizes innovative technologies and has provided professional training to local staff, enhancing operational efficiency [4][5] - The East Coast Rail Link project includes a training program for locomotive drivers in collaboration with a Chinese technical college, fostering skill development in the local workforce [6][7]

Core Insights - The Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway (J-B HSR) has successfully transformed transportation in Indonesia, marking the beginning of a high-speed rail era in Southeast Asia [1][4] - Over the past two years, the J-B HSR has transported over 12 million passengers and significantly reduced travel time between Jakarta and Bandung to just 46 minutes [2][3] Transportation Impact - The J-B HSR has drastically reduced travel time from over 3 hours to 46 minutes, enhancing the travel experience with a punctuality rate exceeding 95% [2][3] - The number of daily train services increased from 14 to 62, with seating capacity expanding from over 8,400 to 37,000, alleviating congestion on highways and traditional railways [2][3] Economic Development - The railway has stimulated local economies, creating a "high-speed rail economic zone" with numerous small businesses emerging around stations, leading to increased employment opportunities [2][3] - From 2019 to 2023, the J-B HSR contributed approximately $5.7 billion to the GDP of Jakarta and West Java, showcasing its role as a catalyst for regional economic growth [3][4] Tourism Enhancement - The J-B HSR has become a significant tourist attraction, with over 500,000 foreign tourists using the service to explore Indonesian culture and landscapes [3][4] Regional Influence - The success of the J-B HSR has inspired neighboring countries like Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia to accelerate their own high-speed rail projects, indicating a regional "high-speed rail fever" [4][5] - Future plans include extending the J-B HSR to Surabaya and integrating it with new transportation systems in Indonesia, enhancing connectivity across the archipelago [5][6] Environmental Considerations - The J-B HSR operates with a low carbon footprint of 6.9 grams of CO2 per kilometer, significantly lower than that of fuel vehicles, and utilizes electric trains to reduce fossil fuel dependency [4][5] - Advanced safety features, including a Chinese-developed earthquake early warning system, ensure safe operations in Indonesia's challenging environmental conditions [4][5] Workforce Development - The project has trained over 45,000 Indonesian employees in various fields, ensuring that key operational roles are filled by local talent, which enhances the sustainability of the railway's operations [5][6]

Core Viewpoint - The Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway (HSR) has been operational for two years, demonstrating stable growth in passenger traffic and contributing positively to the local economy and employment [1]. Group 1: Project Performance - The Jakarta-Bandung HSR has transported over 11.71 million passengers in its first two years of operation, with a continuous and stable increase in passenger flow [1]. - The project has received recognition and support from various sectors in Indonesia for its economic and social benefits [1]. Group 2: Government Collaboration - Both the Chinese and Indonesian governments are committed to the development of the HSR, ensuring close cooperation between relevant departments and enterprises to maintain safe and stable operations [1]. - The emphasis on evaluating high-speed rail projects includes not only financial data and economic indicators but also public benefits and comprehensive returns [1].

Core Viewpoint - The Indonesian government is negotiating with China regarding the debt restructuring of the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed rail project, amidst claims of operational difficulties due to funding shortages. However, the project has been operational for two years, demonstrating stable growth and significant socio-economic benefits [1]. Group 1: Project Performance - The Jakarta-Bandung high-speed rail has been in operation for two years, with over 11.71 million passengers transported, indicating a steady increase in passenger flow [1]. - The project has created numerous job opportunities and has significantly contributed to the economic development along its route, receiving positive recognition from various sectors in Indonesia [1]. Group 2: Government Collaboration - Both the Chinese and Indonesian governments are placing high importance on the development of the project, with close cooperation between relevant departments and enterprises to ensure safe and stable operations [1]. - The emphasis on evaluating high-speed rail projects should extend beyond financial metrics to include public benefits and comprehensive returns, highlighting the project's broader impact on Indonesia's socio-economic development and regional connectivity [1].

Core Viewpoint - The Indonesian government is negotiating with China regarding the debt restructuring of the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed rail project, amidst claims of operational difficulties due to funding shortages. However, the project has been operational for two years, with positive outcomes in terms of passenger volume and economic benefits [1]. Group 1: Project Performance - The Jakarta-Bandung high-speed rail has been in operation for two years, successfully transporting over 11.71 million passengers [1]. - Passenger traffic continues to grow steadily, indicating a positive trend in usage and demand [1]. - The project has created numerous job opportunities and significantly contributed to the economic development along its route, receiving recognition from various sectors in Indonesia [1]. Group 2: Government Collaboration - Both the Chinese and Indonesian governments place high importance on the development of the project, ensuring close cooperation between relevant departments and enterprises [1]. - This collaboration is aimed at providing a solid guarantee for the safe and stable operation of the high-speed rail [1]. Group 3: Evaluation Criteria - When assessing high-speed rail projects, it is essential to consider not only financial data and economic indicators but also public benefits and comprehensive returns [1]. - China expresses willingness to work with Indonesia to ensure high-quality operation of the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed rail and to enhance its role in promoting economic and social development in Indonesia and regional connectivity [1].