Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided Core Viewpoints - Short - term bond market is under pressure. If 1.8% is verified as the top level of 10 - year treasury bonds, the bond - bull logic can be maintained. In the medium term, the recovery of risk preference is reflected in the term spread premium, which may reach 50 - 60BP. In September 2025, the bond market may experience a weak recovery [3][9]. - After the stock - bond market desensitizes, the bond market has not recovered. The uncertainty of the public fund liability side still exists, and the bond market is still hovering between adjustment and recovery [3][10]. - After the long - term yield reaches a new high, the sensitivity to fundamental and liquidity positives will increase. The decline of government bond net financing scale will promote the return of allocation - disk power and the stabilization of the bond market [3][13]. - Liquidity is still loose. The short - term yield has slightly increased, and there is still room for a central decline if the policy rate is cut [4][15]. - The term spread has fully priced the change in risk preference. The bond's allocation value has emerged, and the probability of extreme compression of the term spread is low [4][24]. Summary by Directory 1 Bond Pricing in the "Three Spreads" - **Short - and Medium - Term Market Outlook**: Short - term bond market is under pressure. Verifying the top level of 10 - year treasury bonds can maintain the bond - bull logic. In the medium term, the term spread premium may reach 50 - 60BP, and the bond market in September may have a weak recovery [3][9]. - **Current Bond Market Situation**: After the stock - bond desensitization, the bond market sentiment has not recovered. The uncertainty of the public fund liability side exists, and the bond market is in adjustment and recovery [10]. - **Long - Term Yield and Market Reaction**: After the long - term yield reaches a new high, the sensitivity to positives increases. The decline of government bond net financing will promote market stabilization [13]. - **Liquidity Analysis**: Liquidity is loose. The short - term yield has increased slightly, and there is room for a central decline if the policy rate is cut [4][15]. - **Measurement of Risk Preference Pricing**: - The spread between inter - bank certificates of deposit and funds is at the upper edge of the fluctuation range [4][17]. - The spread between ultra - long - term and long - term bonds is fully priced, and the long - short spread is close to the historical center [4][19]. - The adjustment of credit spread is relatively lagged and is protected by defensive strategies and wealth - management allocation disks [22]. - **Conclusion**: The term spread has fully priced the change in risk preference. The bond's allocation value has emerged, and the probability of extreme compression of the term spread is low [24].

Core Viewpoint - The article analyzes the characteristics and trends of the U.S., Eurozone, and Japanese government bond markets in the first half of 2025, highlighting the impact of macroeconomic factors, monetary policy, and market supply-demand dynamics on government bond yields. Group 1: U.S. Government Bond Market Characteristics - The overall yield curve for U.S. government bonds has declined, with significant decreases in medium- and long-term yields. As of June 30, 2025, the Federal Funds Rate was 4.33%, unchanged from the end of 2024, while the 2-year and 10-year bond yields fell by 53 and 34 basis points to 3.72% and 4.24%, respectively [2][3] - The yield spread between long-term and short-term bonds has widened, with the spread between 30-year and 2-year bonds increasing by 53 basis points to 1.06% [3] - There has been increased volatility in medium- and long-term bond yields, with the 30-year yield fluctuating between 5.08% and 4.41%, and the 10-year yield between 4.79% and 4.01% during the first half of 2025 [4] Group 2: Yield Inversion and Economic Concerns - A yield inversion occurred in the first quarter of 2025, raising concerns about a potential U.S. economic recession. As of March 31, 2025, the 3-month bond yield was 4.32%, higher than the 2-year yield of 3.89% [5] - The inversion eased in April and May but re-emerged in June, with the 3-month yield at 4.41% and the 10-year yield at 4.24%, indicating ongoing market apprehension [5] Group 3: Influencing Factors on Bond Yields - Expectations of interest rate cuts have driven down short- and medium-term bond yields, with the Federal Reserve having cut rates by 100 basis points in 2024 and potentially signaling further cuts in the second half of 2025 [7] - Geopolitical risks, including conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, have increased demand for U.S. government bonds as a safe-haven asset, leading to a stronger positioning of U.S. bonds in institutional portfolios [8] - The impact of trade protectionism under the Trump administration has led to significant fluctuations in long-term bond yields, with the 10-year yield surpassing 4.5% and the 30-year yield exceeding 5% due to heightened uncertainty surrounding U.S. economic policies [9]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the given content 2. Core Viewpoints - The adjustment of the bond market is nearing its end, and it is likely to shift from a volatile to a stronger state in September. The short - term bonds may maintain excellent performance due to the continuous loose capital situation, while the long - term and ultra - long - term bonds may see a downward space as the upward slope of the equity market slows down. The interest rate may show a "moderate downward trend" [2][77][78] - The current investment strategy remains cautiously optimistic. The upper limit of the 10 - year Treasury bond yield in this adjustment is estimated to be between 1.80% - 1.85%. In the short term, the idea of "shortening the portfolio duration + preferentially allocating old bonds" may improve the portfolio's winning rate [2][78] 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Important Matters - From January to July, the profits of industrial enterprises above designated size decreased by 1.7% year - on - year, and the operating income increased by 2.3% year - on - year. State - owned enterprises were the main drag, while private and foreign - invested enterprises showed better profit repair [5] - The Shanghai headquarters of the central bank adjusted the pricing mechanism of commercial personal housing loan interest rates in Shanghai, no longer distinguishing between first - and second - home mortgages [6] - Trump announced the removal of Fed Governor Lisa Cook, and the legal outcome will affect the balance between the president's power over the Fed board and the central bank's independence [7] 3.2 Money Market 3.2.1 Open Market Operations and Fund Interest Rate Trends - From August 25 to 29, 2025, the central bank's net injection of funds through 7 - day reverse repurchase was 196.1 billion yuan. From September 1 to 5, 2025, 227.31 billion yuan of basic currency is expected to mature and be withdrawn [10] - After the tax payment and government bond payment peaks, with the central bank's care for liquidity, the inter - bank liquidity has become looser. As of August 29, 2025, compared with August 22, R001, R007, DR001, and DR007 changed by - 2.82BP, 3.32BP, - 8.27BP, and 4.89BP respectively [14] 3.2.2 Certificate of Deposit Interest Rate Trends and Repurchase Transaction Situations - In the primary market, commercial bank certificates of deposit continued to be in a net financing state, with a net financing scale of - 194.66 billion yuan last week. As of the 35th week of 2025, the cumulative issuance scale of certificates of deposit for the whole year has reached 22.58 trillion yuan [19] - The issuance interest rates of certificates of deposit increased last week. The average issuance interest rates of 3 - month and 1 - year certificates of deposit for state - owned banks, joint - stock banks, city commercial banks, and rural commercial banks changed to varying degrees compared with the previous week [22] - In the secondary market, most maturity certificate of deposit yields declined, and the 1Y - 3M term spread widened further [25] 3.3 Bond Market 3.3.1 Primary Market - From January to August, the net financing rhythm of local government bonds was faster than that of national bonds. As of August 29, 2025, the cumulative net financing scale of various national bonds was about 4.67 trillion yuan, and that of local bonds was about 5.75 trillion yuan [28] - Last week, national bonds were not issued, and the issuance scale of local bonds and policy - financial bonds was basically the same as the previous week. The net financing amount of interest - rate bonds was 56.268 billion yuan [27][31] - As of last week, the issuance scale of special refinancing bonds in 2025 had reached 1.94 trillion yuan, mainly in long - and ultra - long - term maturities [34] 3.3.2 Secondary Market - The stock - bond "see - saw" effect reappeared last week. The long - term interest rate was at a disadvantage, and the curve steepness increased. The 10 - year Treasury bond's second - most active bond switched to 250016, and the 10 - year CDB bond completed the bond replacement [27][37][42] - The 10 - 1 - year Treasury bond term spread widened to 46.81BP, and the 30 - 1 - year Treasury bond term spread widened to 76.77BP [44] - The 10 - year local bond - 10 - year Treasury bond yield spread and the 30 - year local bond - 30 - year Treasury bond yield spread both narrowed [49] 3.4 Institution Behavior Tracking - The scale of leveraged trading decreased last week, with a weekly average of about 7.07 trillion yuan. Funds, insurance, and securities firms were the main buyers in the bond market, while rural commercial banks were net sellers [50][57][62] - The main trading desks' current average cost of adding positions in 10 - year Treasury bonds is above 1.74% [63] - Commercial banks and insurance companies can obtain relatively higher returns by investing in local bonds [70] 3.5 High - Frequency Data Tracking - Last week, the settlement price of rebar futures decreased by 1.39% week - on - week, the settlement price of wire rod futures remained unchanged, the settlement price of cathode copper futures increased by 0.62%, the cement price index decreased by 0.74%, and the South China Glass Index increased by 0.77% [72] - The CCFI index decreased by 1.58% week - on - week, and the BDI index increased by 4.17% week - on - week [72] - The wholesale price of pork decreased by 0.80% week - on - week, and the wholesale price of vegetables increased by 2.07% week - on - week [72] - The settlement prices of Brent crude oil and WTI crude oil futures increased by 0.58% and 0.55% respectively week - on - week. The central parity rate of the US dollar against the RMB was 7.10 [72] 3.6 Market Outlook - The bond market may strengthen in September. The short - term bonds will benefit from the loose capital, and the long - term bonds may see a downward space as the equity market's upward slope slows down. The interest rate may show a moderate downward trend [77][78] - The current investment strategy is to shorten the portfolio duration and preferentially allocate old bonds, and specific trading varieties can consider 250011 and 2500002 [78]

Core Viewpoint - The global stock market experienced a slight increase from August 25 to August 29, with A-shares leading the gains, particularly in the ChiNext and Sci-Tech 50 indices, which rose over 7% [1][2]. Group 1: Equity Market Performance - The global equity market saw a modest rise, with emerging markets outperforming developed markets, particularly in North America compared to Asia and Europe [2]. - In developed markets, U.S. stocks showed resilience with the S&P 500 up by 0.5%, Nasdaq by 1.0%, and Russell 2000 by 0.7%, while European indices faced pressure, notably the French CAC40 which fell by 2.6% [2]. - Among emerging markets, A-shares performed exceptionally well, with the ChiNext index increasing by 7.7% and the Sci-Tech 50 by 7.5% [2]. Group 2: Bond Market Trends - The Chinese bond market exhibited a "bear steepening" trend, with the yield curve showing a downward shift at the short end and an upward shift at the long end, leading to an increase in the 10-year government bond yield to over 1.8% [3]. - In contrast, the U.S. bond market displayed a "bull steepening" characteristic, with an overall downward shift in yields and an expansion of the 10Y-2Y yield spread [3]. - As of August 30, market expectations indicated an 86.4% probability of a Federal Reserve rate cut in September, with potential for two cuts within the year [3]. Group 3: Commodity and Currency Movements - Precious metals led the commodity market, with COMEX silver and gold prices rising significantly, with year-to-date increases of 39.3% and 33.1% respectively [4]. - The domestic and international commodity price trends continued to diverge, with the South China commodity index slightly down by 0.2% while the CRB index rose by 0.8% [4]. - The Chinese yuan appreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar by 0.7%, while the dollar index saw a minor increase of 0.1% [4].

Summary of Conference Call Records Industry Overview - The current long-term interest rates are fluctuating between 1.5% and 2%, indicating a potential for prolonged low-rate environments similar to Japan and the US experiences [1][2][3] - China's financial environment differs from developed countries due to restricted capital flow and the maintenance of normal monetary policy without implementing Quantitative Easing (QE) or Yield Curve Control (YCC), leading to compressed term spreads [1][4] Key Points and Arguments - The demand for financing in real estate and infrastructure has decreased, exacerbating the compression of term spreads, and further rate cuts may lead to lower long-term rates [1][5] - Despite low rates, there are still opportunities in the bond market, especially if monetary policy allows for further cuts [5][6] - The stock market's performance has a disruptive effect on the bond market, but the long-term outlook remains positive for declining rates [5][6] - Insurance companies face challenges in fund utilization under low rates and are advised to increase allocations to high-dividend equity assets to cover liabilities [1][6] - The Japanese GPI pension fund adjusted its asset allocation to 50% equities and 50% bonds when long-term rates fell below 1%, highlighting the necessity of increasing equity exposure in low-rate environments [1][6] Potential Risks and Influences - The bond market's performance in 2025 is expected to be volatile, with the possibility of rates fluctuating between 1.6% and 1.8% [2][5] - The relationship between stock and bond markets exhibits a seesaw effect, where a significant rebound in equities could impact bond yields [7] - Important political meetings may catalyze market sentiment, influencing both stock and bond markets [5][6] Investment Strategies - Suggested strategies for navigating the low-rate environment include: 1. Actively increasing asset and strategy allocation [9] 2. Utilizing diversified tools such as government bond futures [9] 3. Flexibly managing bond allocations to enhance trading capabilities [9] 4. Designing products tailored to specific tax and risk preferences, including ESG-themed products [9] Conclusion - The overall sentiment remains cautiously optimistic regarding long-term interest rate declines, despite short-term fluctuations [8][9]

Report Industry Investment Rating - Not mentioned in the report Core Viewpoints - The bond market is affected by the stock market, but the adjustment space is limited. Attention should be paid to stock market changes and fund duration to select the timing for increasing bond allocation [59] - Overall, during stock market rallies, government bond yields tend to move in sync with funds. If funds are generally loose, government bond yields show a long - term downward trend, with the term spread widening and the credit spread narrowing. In terms of fund diversion, household deposits often decrease year - on - year, bond fund shares may decline periodically but will recover in the later stage of the stock market growth. The scale of wealth management transferred to the stock market may be relatively limited, and the scale and proportion of insurance bond investment are expected to rise [4][58] Summary by Different Stock Market Rally Periods 2006 - 2007 Stock Market Rally - **Bond Market Performance**: Government bond yields rose significantly, fund prices increased, the term spread first narrowed, then widened, and then narrowed again, and the credit spread first narrowed and then widened. The Shanghai Composite Index rose from 1181 points at the beginning of 2006 to 6092 points in mid - October 2007. The 10 - year government bond yield rose from 3.1% to 4.5%, an increase of 139bps. R007 rose from 1.5% to a maximum of 7.1%. The government bond term spread first dropped from 140bp to 85bp in November 2006, then rose to 180bp at the end of June 2007, and then dropped to 122bp in mid - October 2007. The 1 - year medium - term note credit spread dropped from 138bp at the end of 2006 to 59bp in mid - August 2007 and then rose to 118bp in mid - October 2007 [1][8] - **Fund Diversion**: Household deposits decreased year - on - year, the shares of both stock - type and bond - type funds increased, and the balance of insurance bond investment rose. From the second quarter of 2006 to the third quarter of 2007, household deposits decreased by a cumulative 12857 billion yuan year - on - year. Stock - type fund shares increased from 1279 billion shares in January 2006 to 10112 billion shares in October 2007, an increase of 8833 billion shares. Bond - type fund shares increased by a cumulative 187 billion shares from 243 billion shares. The balance of insurance bond investment increased from 6600 billion yuan in December 2005 to 10420 billion yuan in June 2007, an increase of 3820 billion yuan [2][14][18] 2014 - 2015 Stock Market Rally - **Bond Market Performance**: Government bond yields decreased significantly, funds were generally loose, the term spread first narrowed and then widened, and the credit spread narrowed after fluctuations. The Shanghai Composite Index rose from 2024 points in mid - June 2014 to 5166 points in mid - June 2015. The 10 - year government bond yield dropped from 4.0% to about 3.6%, a decrease of 42bps. R007 first rose from 3.2% to 6.4% in late December 2014 and then dropped to 2.1%. The government bond term spread first narrowed from 63bp to 19bp in mid - October 2014 and then widened to 194bp in mid - June 2015. The 3 - year medium - term note credit spread narrowed from 136bp to 116bp overall [2][25] - **Fund Diversion**: Household deposits decreased year - on - year, the shares of stock - type and bond - type funds changed in opposite directions, the balance and proportion of insurance bond investment decreased, and the scale of wealth management increased. From July 2014 to June 2015, household deposits decreased by a cumulative 22655 billion yuan year - on - year. Bond - type fund shares increased by a cumulative 456 billion shares, while stock - type fund shares increased by a cumulative 1605 billion shares. The balance of insurance bond investment decreased from 35636 billion yuan in June 2014 to 35532 billion yuan in June 2015, and the proportion of bond investment dropped from 41.48% to 34.27%. The scale of bank wealth management products increased from 12.65 trillion yuan in June 2014 to 18.52 trillion yuan in June 2015 [2][33] 2024 - 2025 Stock Market Rally - **Bond Market Performance**: Government bond yields rose, funds were generally loose, and both the term spread and credit spread widened. The Shanghai Composite Index rose from 2863 points on September 24, 2024, to 3490 points on October 8, 2024, and then continued to fluctuate. From July 2025 to August 18, 2025, it rose from 3458 points to 3728 points. The 10 - year government bond yield first rose from 2.07% to 2.25%, then dropped rapidly to 1.60%, and since July 2025, it has been rising. R007 dropped from 2.03% on September 24, 2024, to 1.50% on August 18, 2025. During the two stock market rallies, the term spread widened by 16.5bp and 9.5bp respectively, and the 3 - year medium - term note credit spread widened by 21.5bp and 6.7bp respectively [2][42] - **Fund Diversion**: Household deposits decreased year - on - year, bond - type fund shares decreased, stock - type fund shares increased, the balance and proportion of insurance bond investment rose, and the balance of wealth management bond investment increased. In September 2024, household deposits decreased by 3257 billion yuan year - on - year, and in July 2025, they decreased by 7818 billion yuan year - on - year. Bond - type fund shares decreased by 7002 billion shares in October 2024, while stock - type fund shares increased by a cumulative 1319 billion shares in September and October 2024. The balance of life insurance company bond investment increased from 14.23 trillion yuan in September 2024 to 16.92 trillion yuan in June 2025, and the proportion increased from 49.18% to 51.90%. The balance of bank wealth management increased from 28.52 trillion yuan in June 2024 to 30.67 trillion yuan in June 2025, and the bond investment scale increased from 16.98 trillion yuan to 18.33 trillion yuan [3][50]

Core Viewpoint - The bond market is experiencing significant adjustments, with fund managers expressing concerns about pressure and actively shortening duration and adjusting structures to cope with future steepening of the yield curve [1][2][4]. Group 1: Market Conditions - The bond market faced a severe downturn on August 18, with 10-year and 30-year government bond yields rising by 5 basis points and 6 basis points respectively, closing at 1.79% and 2.06% [1]. - Despite a brief recovery earlier in August, the bond market has been under pressure again due to increased market risk appetite, with the 10-year government bond yield surpassing the high point from July [1][4]. Group 2: Fund Manager Insights - Fund managers are facing redemption pressures, particularly in bond funds, but they believe that the bond market does not have a foundation for a long-term decline, as the 10-year government bond yield of 1.8% reflects current expectations [2][9]. - The performance of pure bond funds has been poor, with average returns for medium to long-term pure bond funds at -0.19% and short bond funds at -0.03% [7]. Group 3: Factors Influencing the Bond Market - The bond market's adjustment is driven more by expectations rather than changes in the funding environment, with a potential shift from deflation to a mild inflation scenario impacting long-term bonds negatively [4][5]. - There is a notable lack of configuration funds from small and medium-sized banks, with a significant decrease in bond investment balances reported [4]. Group 4: Future Outlook and Strategies - Fund managers are adjusting their strategies to focus on shorter durations and are maintaining a neutral to high duration stance while reducing exposure to long-term rates [9]. - The overall sentiment is that while the bond market may not see significant positive catalysts in the short term, it remains within a range of support and resistance, with a cautious approach recommended [9]. Group 5: Recommendations for Investors - Fund managers suggest that credit bond funds may yield over 2% in the coming year, and investors should consider gradually increasing their exposure to these funds [11]. - For individual investors, maintaining a long-term perspective and potentially increasing allocations during market adjustments is advised, while also considering a balanced portfolio with some equity exposure [11].

Industry Investment Rating - No information provided Core Viewpoints - Since July, the long - end bond yields have risen and the yield curve has steepened. The adjustment of long - end rates is mainly due to the correction of deflation expectations, the rise of the stock market, and the improvement of market risk appetite. It is expected that when the 10 - year Treasury bond adjusts to around 1.80%, the bond market odds will be prominent, institutional trading willingness will increase, and the bond market may stabilize [8][17][29] Summary by Directory 1. Reasons for Recent Interest Rate Increases - The short - end interest rates have not changed significantly due to the continuous low - level of capital interest rates and the loose capital situation. Since April, the capital interest rate DR007 has continued to decline, and the inter - bank certificate of deposit rate has also shown a downward trend. Since August, the 1 - year inter - bank certificate of deposit rate has been running in the low - level range of 1.60 - 1.65% [11] - The "anti - involution" policy has led to an increase in inflation expectations and raised the long - end interest rate center. After the relevant policies were introduced in July, industries such as automobiles, photovoltaics, etc. started "anti - involution" actions, which increased inflation expectations [14] - The continuous rise of the stock market has suppressed the bond market. Since July, the stock market has accelerated its rise, the market risk preference has increased, and the long - end bond market has been suppressed [16] 2. Assessment of Interest Rate Adjustment - From the perspective of stock - bond correlation, the negative correlation between the Shanghai Composite Index and the 10Y Treasury bond yield is still strong. Since April this year, the negative correlation has been strong, and it is expected to remain so in the future, with the rise of equities continuing to suppress the bond market [19] - From the perspective of credit comparison, after the recent adjustment, as of August 15, the 10Y and 30Y Treasury bond yields have returned to a reasonable range compared with credit. The 10Y Treasury bond yield is 1.75%, slightly higher than the actual income of the first - home mortgage, and the 30Y Treasury bond yield is 2.05%, higher than the actual income of the second - home mortgage [20] - From the perspective of term spreads, the long - end interest rates still have room to rise. In previous similar adjustment periods, the term spreads increased by 25BP and 27BP respectively. In this round, from April 29 to August 15, the 10Y - 1Y term spread has increased by 21BP, and there is still 5BP of upward space [24]

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Last week, the bond market tumbled again. Despite weak July economic data, the stock market reached 3700 points, suppressing bonds and causing ultra - long bonds to plunge, with the 30 - year Treasury yield hitting a short - term high. The trading activity of ultra - long bonds increased slightly, the term spread widened, and the variety spread narrowed [1][11][43]. - In the short term, the bond market will face a game between expectations and reality. The 10 - year Treasury will oscillate in the range of [1.65%, 1.75%]. The weak real fundamentals support the bond market, while policy changes and investor sentiment suppress it. Currently, the term spread of 30 - year Treasuries and the variety spread of 20 - year CDB bonds are both low, with limited spread protection [2][3][12]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Weekly Review Ultra - long Bond Review - Last week, the bond market tumbled. Weak economic data in July, including rapid declines in consumption and investment and negative credit growth, were overshadowed by the stock market's rise to 3700 points, which comprehensively suppressed bonds. Ultra - long bonds plunged, and the 30 - year Treasury yield reached a short - term high. Trading activity increased slightly, the term spread widened, and the variety spread narrowed [1][11][43]. Ultra - long Bond Investment Outlook - **30 - year Treasury**: As of August 15, the spread between 30 - year and 10 - year Treasuries was 29BP, at a historically low level. In July, the economy faced downward pressure, with GDP growth at about 4.3% and deflation risks. The 10 - year Treasury will oscillate in the [1.65%, 1.75%] range. The current term spread is low, with limited protection [2][12]. - **20 - year CDB Bond**: As of August 15, the spread between 20 - year CDB bonds and 20 - year Treasuries was 2BP, at a historically extremely low level. Similar to the 30 - year Treasury situation, the short - term bond market faces a game between expectations and reality, and the current variety spread is low, with limited protection [3][13]. Ultra - long Bond Basic Overview - The balance of outstanding ultra - long bonds exceeded 22.8 trillion. As of July 31, the total amount of ultra - long bonds with a remaining term of over 14 years was 228,873 billion, accounting for 14.7% of all bonds. Local government bonds and Treasuries were the main varieties. In terms of remaining term, the 30 - year variety had the highest proportion [14]. Primary Market Weekly Issuance - Last week (August 11 - 15, 2025), the issuance of ultra - long bonds decreased significantly, with a total of 565 billion yuan. By variety, Treasuries were 350 billion, local government bonds were 178 billion, etc. By term, 20 - year bonds had the largest issuance at 436 billion [19]. This Week's Pending Issuance - The announced issuance plan for ultra - long bonds this week totals 2,953 billion. By variety, ultra - long Treasuries are 830 billion, and ultra - long local government bonds are 2,123 billion [26]. Secondary Market Trading Volume - Last week, ultra - long bonds were actively traded, with a turnover of 13,309 billion, accounting for 14.6% of all bonds. Compared with the previous week, the trading activity increased slightly, with the turnover and proportion of most varieties increasing [29]. Yield - Last week, the bond market tumbled. The 30 - year Treasury yield hit a short - term high. Yields of various ultra - long bonds increased, with the 30 - year Treasury yield rising by 9BP to 2.05%, and the 20 - year CDB bond yield rising by 6BP to 2.09% [43]. Spread Analysis - **Term Spread**: Last week, the term spread of ultra - long bonds widened but remained at a low absolute level. The 30 - year - 10 - year Treasury spread was 29BP, up 3BP from the previous week, at the 12% quantile since 2010 [51]. - **Variety Spread**: Last week, the variety spread of ultra - long bonds narrowed and was at a low absolute level. The spreads between 20 - year CDB bonds and Treasuries, and 20 - year railway bonds and Treasuries were 2BP and 6BP respectively, down 3BP and 5BP from the previous week, at the 3% and 4% quantiles since 2010 [52]. 30 - year Treasury Futures - Last week, the main 30 - year Treasury futures contract TL2509 closed at 117.48 yuan, a decline of 1.54%. The total trading volume was 870,600 lots, and the open interest was 151,500 lots, with trading volume increasing significantly and open interest decreasing slightly compared to the previous week [56].

Economic Performance - July industrial added value growth slowed to 5.7%, down 1.1 percentage points from the previous month, while retail sales growth fell to 3.7% from 4.8%[2][3] - The weighted year-on-year growth rate of investment, retail, and export delivery value dropped to -0.1%, a decrease of 3 percentage points compared to the previous year[1] Demand and Supply Dynamics - The gap between supply and demand indicators reached 5.8 percentage points, the highest in recent years, indicating a significant demand shortfall[1] - July's industrial production and sales rate was 97.1%, down 0.2 percentage points year-on-year, showing a slight improvement compared to the previous month's decline of 0.3 percentage points[1] Export and Retail Trends - Export delivery value growth decreased to 0.8% in July from 4.0% in June, contributing approximately 0.09 percentage points to industrial added value growth, a drop of 0.35 percentage points from June[2] - Automotive retail sales plummeted to -1.5% in July, significantly impacting overall retail performance, which saw a reduction of 0.4 percentage points in its contribution[3] Investment Insights - Fixed asset investment growth for January to July was 1.6%, with a notable decline of 1.2 percentage points from the previous month, while equipment investment grew by 15.2%, down 2.1 percentage points[4] - July's fixed asset investment year-on-year dropped to -5.3%, influenced by extreme weather conditions affecting outdoor construction activities[4] Real Estate Market - Real estate sales area and sales value in July fell by 7.8% and 14.1% year-on-year, respectively, indicating a continued weakness in the sector[5] - New residential prices in July saw a month-on-month decline of 0.3%, with second-hand housing prices dropping by 0.5%, reflecting ongoing market challenges[5] Overall Economic Outlook - The overall economic data for July indicates a slowdown, with production showing resilience while demand remains weak[6] - The potential for new economic policies may arise in September and October, particularly in the real estate sector, as authorities seek to stabilize the market[5][8]