野田哲夫对话观察者网 【对话/观察者网 唐晓甫】 观察者网：对于非编程相关人员来说，一般会默认编程语言都是开源的，毕竟如果不开源，作为一种语言就不会有太多人使用。但是大家对语言开源的定义 似乎有一些不太一样。野田教授，您能否聊聊开源语言和闭源语言的区别？在Web1.0~2.0时代，从建立生态角度看，究竟是开源好还是闭源好？Ruby作为 一种开源语言，在之前几十年中又扮演了什么样的角色？ AI时代，中美之间的开闭源路线之争正在日趋激烈。以DeepSeek和Qwen为代表的开源AI大模型正在创造新的生态和潮流，并引领中国科技走向世界。但是 也有不少人对开源模式心存疑虑，尤其是对开源软件的盈利模式产生质疑，怀疑选择开源路线究竟能在多大程度上带动地区经济发展，会不会为他人作嫁 衣？ 对于这个问题，我们可以从邻国日本找到参考。早在上世纪末，日本著名软件专家松本行弘就开发了开源语言Ruby，随后岛根县松江市围绕Ruby这一开源 语言成功推动了地区IT产业，促进了相关产业发展。 近日，观察者网邀请到了岛根大学法文学院荣誉教授野田哲夫，请他基于自己的研究经验，谈一谈开源语言对于区域经济乃至软件生态层面的巨大影响。 野田哲夫： ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the significant updates introduced in iPadOS 26 during Apple's WWDC25, emphasizing its potential to transform the iPad into a more productive device, comparable to a traditional computer [1][10]. Group 1: Multi-Window and Desktop Experience - iPadOS 26 features a comprehensive redesign of the multi-window system, allowing users to freely drag, resize, and overlay application windows, marking the iPad's transition into a desktop-level windowing experience [1][10]. - The new Mission Control-like feature enables users to view all open windows easily, enhancing multitasking efficiency [1]. - The addition of red, yellow, and green buttons for window management aligns with MacOS, improving user familiarity and functionality [1][2]. Group 2: File Management Enhancements - The Files application has undergone significant optimization, allowing users to adjust column widths, fold/unfold folder structures, and customize folder icons and colors for better organization [3][5]. - The introduction of a system-level "Preview" application enhances the iPad's ability to handle common file formats without relying on third-party apps, improving its document processing capabilities [5]. Group 3: Audio and Video Capabilities - iPadOS 26 introduces optimizations for audio and video processing, enabling users to run multiple applications simultaneously during video rendering and providing clearer progress information [6]. - Users can customize audio input settings for different applications, enhancing the iPad's utility for content creation, such as podcasting and online teaching [6][7]. Group 4: New Applications and Features - The introduction of new applications, such as Journal, enhances the iPad's functionality in emotional management and daily logging [8]. - Game Center has been optimized to include achievement systems and real-time team features, improving the iPad's gaming experience [8]. - The Phone App allows users to make and receive calls on the iPad, particularly when paired with an iPhone, enhancing its communication capabilities [8]. Group 5: Overall Impact and Future Considerations - iPadOS 26 represents a leap forward in addressing the iPad's limitations in window management, multitasking, and file handling, bringing it closer to MacOS functionality [10]. - While there are still areas for improvement compared to traditional desktop systems, the updates make the iPad a viable option for students, freelancers, and light office users [10].

Investment Ratings - Coforge: Overweight (O/W) with a price target (PT) of Rs2,080 [3][4] - Qualcomm: Overweight (O/W) with a price target (PT) of $185 [3][4] - Apple: Overweight (O/W) with a price target (PT) of $240 [5] - BE Semiconductor: Overweight (O/W) with a price target (PT) of €121 [6] - Celestica: Overweight (O/W) with a price target (PT) of $115 [6] Core Insights - Coforge's management is optimistic about industry-leading growth and margin expansion, expecting a 14% EBIT margin in FY26 [3][4] - Qualcomm's acquisition of Alphawave for $2.4 billion is aimed at enhancing its Data Center portfolio, positioning it competitively in the custom AI ASIC market [6] - Apple's WWDC event revealed limited AI updates, indicating a focus on retaining its existing consumer base rather than attracting new switchers [5][6] - Taiwan's May exports surged by 38.6% year-over-year, driven by strong shipments to the US, indicating robust demand in the tech sector [9] Detailed Highlights - Coforge's proactive sales strategy and large deal execution are expected to drive robust growth in FY26, with a strong pipeline of large deals [3][4] - Qualcomm's strategic acquisition of Alphawave strengthens its position in the Data Center market, with competitors in Asia including Alchip and Mediatek [6] - Apple suppliers such as Murata, Sunny Optical, AAC, and Genius Optical are highlighted as key players in the supply chain [5][6] - BE Semiconductor is preparing for its Capital Markets Day, with expectations for market sizing and customer insights [6] - Celestica's competitive landscape in Switching includes major players like Inventec, Accton, and Arista, with significant growth opportunities identified [6] - OpenAI has reached $10 billion in annual recurring revenue, indicating strong demand for custom AI ASIC projects [6]

Core Insights - Apple is focusing on enhancing Siri's personalization features, which requires more time to meet their standards [5] - The WWDC 25 event highlighted design updates and AI functionalities, with a new operating system design language called Liquid Glass [1] - Apple introduced practical AI features in iOS 26, including real-time translation and visual intelligence capabilities [1][3] AI Developments - iOS 26 will feature real-time translation integrated into messaging, calls, and FaceTime, along with visual intelligence for content recognition across apps [1][3] - watchOS 26 will also support real-time translation, while macOS will see upgrades in Shortcuts and Spotlight for automation and natural language searches [3] - Apple has deepened its collaboration with OpenAI, integrating ChatGPT's image generation into the Image Playground app and providing third-party developers access to Apple Intelligence's core language model [3] Market Position and Challenges - Despite expectations, no significant upgrades for Siri were announced at WWDC, and some AI features are delayed until 2026 [5] - Apple's stock price fell by 1.21% following the WWDC event, with a market capitalization of $3.01 trillion [5] - Analysts have criticized Apple's slow AI transformation, noting that while Apple Intelligence has been rolled out in several markets, it has not yet launched in China, where Apple holds a 40% share of the AI-capable smartphone market [6] Competitive Landscape - In the high-end smartphone market, Apple holds a 59% share, with a 10% year-over-year increase in shipments, but faces competition from Huawei, Google, and Xiaomi, which saw significant growth [7] - Apple's share in the global AI smartphone market is 58%, but only 40% in the domestic market, indicating a missed opportunity to engage more deeply with local users [7]

Core Viewpoint - Huawei's HarmonyOS computer launch marks a significant step in establishing a competitive presence in the global PC market, aiming to challenge the dominance of Windows and macOS [2][4] Group 1: Product Launch and Features - The newly released HarmonyOS foldable computer is priced between 23,999 and 26,999 yuan, indicating a premium positioning in the market [2] - The core competitive advantage of the HarmonyOS computer lies in its distributed microkernel architecture, enabling seamless connectivity across devices such as smartphones, tablets, and computers [3] - The MateBook Pro, equipped with the Kirin X90 processor, offers performance comparable to the MacBook Pro, showcasing Huawei's commitment to high performance [3] Group 2: Market Strategy and Developer Engagement - Huawei aims to attract global developers through a 1 billion yuan incentive program, with over 7.2 million registered developers and 23,000 native applications currently available [3] - The company is targeting a market share of 15-20% in China's commercial market and over 5% globally by 2025, with aspirations to reach 25% and 15% by 2028 [4] Group 3: Competitive Landscape and Challenges - Microsoft is responding to the challenge by enhancing collaborations with Apple and Google, optimizing AI features, and accelerating the development of hybrid architecture chips [4] - Despite the potential for disruption, Huawei faces challenges in adapting professional software and changing user habits, which will require time and effort [4]

Core Viewpoint - The launch of Huawei's HarmonyOS computers marks a significant step towards achieving self-controlled operating systems in China, providing an alternative to the dominant Windows and MacOS platforms [1][3]. Industry Impact - HarmonyOS computers are expected to drive the development of China's PC industry by fostering a self-sufficient software ecosystem, enhancing the research and application of domestically developed software [3][5]. - The introduction of HarmonyOS creates a fertile ground for domestic software applications, potentially leading to a positive cycle of ecosystem development [3][5]. Application Ecosystem - Over 150 dedicated applications have been optimized for HarmonyOS computers, with more than 1,000 integrated applications already adapted, and an expectation to exceed 2,000 by the end of the year [5]. - The applications cover a wide range of user needs, including office productivity, design, finance, entertainment, and education [5]. User Experience Enhancements - The integration of AI capabilities in applications like WPS enhances user efficiency, allowing for tasks such as PPT creation to be completed with minimal effort [7]. - Video editing applications like Wanxing Miaoying offer features that enable users to edit videos seamlessly, even in low connectivity environments [9]. - Financial applications like Dongfang Caifu provide a secure trading environment, enhancing user privacy and convenience [11]. Device Features - The HUAWEI MateBook Fold offers innovative dual-screen functionality, allowing users to multitask effectively during presentations and trading activities [14]. - HarmonyOS facilitates a seamless experience across devices, ensuring continuity in user experience and data management [14].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the urgent need for a new iteration of operating systems, particularly in the context of the rise of generative AI applications, highlighting the limitations of existing systems like Windows, Linux, and MacOS in adapting to modern demands [2][4][6]. Group 1: Current Operating System Challenges - Windows has become increasingly complex due to "patchwork code," making it difficult for developers to integrate AI applications efficiently [2][5]. - Linux, while supported by major deep learning frameworks, suffers from fragmentation across different distributions, complicating application portability [5][6]. - MacOS imposes strict limitations that hinder developers from optimizing system parameters for specific AI needs, reducing flexibility [5][6]. Group 2: The Emergence of HarmonyOS - HarmonyOS made its debut on computers during a communication event, marking a significant step in its ecosystem development, with over 1 billion users across smartphones and IoT devices since its launch in 2019 [7][8]. - The release of HarmonyOS for computers is seen as the final piece of the "Harmony ecosystem," showcasing its compatibility with AI applications due to the absence of legacy burdens [8][9]. Group 3: Technical Innovations of HarmonyOS - HarmonyOS features a fully self-developed stack from chips to the operating system, enabling seamless AI integration and user interaction through various input methods [9][11]. - The system employs a unified microkernel and a single development language, simplifying the development process and addressing application portability issues [11][12]. Group 4: Cross-Device Functionality - HarmonyOS addresses the challenges of data transfer between devices, utilizing a "distributed soft bus" technology that allows for seamless communication across devices [15][17]. - Users can transition smoothly between devices, enhancing productivity by allowing operations to continue without interruption [17][19]. Group 5: Security Features - HarmonyOS incorporates a new "Star Shield Security Architecture," achieving multiple breakthroughs in data security, including the first general-purpose OS kernel to receive CC EAL6+ certification [21]. - The system implements a comprehensive application management system to ensure security throughout the application lifecycle, addressing vulnerabilities present in older operating systems [21]. Group 6: Overcoming the Ecological Dilemma - The article emphasizes the importance of a domestic operating system in ensuring information security and autonomy, particularly in light of past incidents like the "Windows blue screen event" [24][25]. - HarmonyOS aims to break the "ecological dilemma" by fostering partnerships with software developers, facilitating the adaptation of applications to the new operating system [28][29]. - Over 150 dedicated applications and more than 300 integrated applications are expected to be adapted by the end of the year, indicating a robust growth trajectory for the Harmony ecosystem [29].

Core Viewpoint - The PC industry remains heavily reliant on a supply chain model, with most manufacturers depending on third-party components like CPUs and operating systems, making it difficult to differentiate their products [1][3][5]. Group 1: Industry Overview - The core components of the PC industry include CPUs and operating systems, followed by DDR memory, SSDs, and GPUs [1]. - Most PC manufacturers, except for Apple, utilize integrated components from suppliers like Intel and AMD, which raises concerns about supply chain vulnerabilities [3][5]. - The hardware homogeneity among brands like HP, Dell, and Lenovo makes it challenging to create unique product identities, leading to minimal differences in offerings [5]. Group 2: Huawei's Entry - Huawei has emerged as the second company after Apple to develop its own CPU and operating system for PCs, marking a significant milestone in the industry [7]. - The new PC, named the Matebook Pro, will feature Huawei's Kirin X90 chip and the anticipated Harmony OS 5.0, aiming to create an ecosystem similar to Apple's [7]. - Given Huawei's influence and support from its fanbase, the new PC is expected to provide consumers with an alternative to the Mac series, potentially becoming a strong competitor in the market [9].

Group 1 - The PC industry has a mature global supply chain, with most manufacturers acting as assembly plants, utilizing components from various suppliers [1] - Achieving a competitive edge in the PC market requires self-research and development of core components like CPUs and GPUs, which is a significant challenge [3] - Apple's Mac series is highlighted as a leading example of self-developed components, including the M chip and MacOS, showcasing a high level of self-research [3] Group 2 - Huawei is expected to launch a fully domestically produced PC, likely featuring the HarmonyOS as a replacement for Windows, following the expiration of Windows licensing [5] - Huawei is preparing to use its self-developed Kirin series CPUs, which will integrate GPU and NPU, moving away from reliance on AMD and Intel [7] - Domestic suppliers can meet the requirements for memory and SSDs, with companies like Yangtze Memory Technologies and Changxin Memory Technologies providing fully localized components [8] Group 3 - Huawei has already introduced the high-performance flagship business laptop, the Huawei Qingyun L420x, which utilizes the self-developed Kirin 9000C SoC chip, demonstrating its capability for high self-research in core components [10] - The upcoming launch of the HarmonyOS PC version is anticipated to enhance the competitiveness of Huawei's fully domestic PCs, as there is significant market interest in this product [10]