Core Insights - The first high-energy direct geometry inelastic neutron scattering time-of-flight spectrometer in China has been accepted and put into use, serving as an important platform for studying the dynamic properties of materials [1][2] - This spectrometer can observe not only the static structure of materials but also the dynamic processes of atoms and molecules on a picosecond timescale, capturing every moment of atomic and molecular vibrations, rotations, and energy transfer [1] - The unique feature of this spectrometer is its ability to directly probe the microscopic movements within materials using neutrons, which are uncharged and have strong penetration capabilities [1] Group 1 - The high-energy inelastic neutron scattering spectrometer fills a gap in China's capability for inelastic neutron scattering above 100 meV, allowing for the measurement of both spatial distribution and energy changes of scattered neutrons [1] - It can measure the dynamic behavior of microscopic structures in both momentum and energy space, utilizing a combination of Fermi chopper and bandwidth chopper for rapid switching between multi-wavelength and single-wavelength modes [1][2] Group 2 - The spectrometer features a white beam Laue camera mode, which aids in the rapid detection of structural and magnetic information of single crystal materials [2] - It will provide critical microscopic structural dynamics information for advanced research in high-temperature superconductivity, quantum magnetism, thermoelectric material transport properties, ion diffusion mechanisms in batteries, and biological material activity [2] - The collaboration project for the neutron spectrometer began in 2017 between Sun Yat-sen University and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, culminating in the official unveiling of the spectrometer in November 2023 after over two years of debugging [2]

Core Findings - The latest research from astrophysicists at Bielefeld University indicates that the solar system's movement speed is over three times higher than current model predictions [1][2] - This finding challenges the existing cosmological standard model and suggests a need to reassess fundamental assumptions about the large-scale structure of the universe [2] Research Methodology - The research team analyzed the distribution characteristics of radio galaxies, which emit strong radio waves and can penetrate interstellar dust and gas [1] - High-sensitivity measurements were employed to identify subtle differences in the observed number of radio galaxies due to a "headwind effect" caused by the solar system's movement [1] Statistical Significance - The study found that the anisotropy strength of radio galaxy distribution is 3.7 times higher than predicted by the cosmological standard model [1] - The significance level of the research results exceeds 5 sigma, providing strong scientific evidence [1] Implications - If the solar system is indeed moving at such a high speed, it may necessitate a reevaluation of the uniformity of radio galaxy distribution [2] - The findings corroborate earlier observations of quasars, further revealing the true characteristics of the universe [2] - This research highlights the potential of new observational methods to fundamentally refresh our understanding of the universe [2]

Core Viewpoint - The successful landing of the Shenzhou-21 manned spacecraft marks a significant advancement in China's re-entry and return technology, achieving a new level of system reliability with a reduced return time of over 3 hours compared to previous missions [1] Group 1: Re-entry Control - The Shenzhou series spacecraft are developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, with the GNC system acting as the "intelligent driver" responsible for flight control from launch to re-entry [2] - Re-entry control involves two main aspects: orbital departure control and atmospheric re-entry control, with the latter focusing on lift control within the atmosphere [2] Group 2: Transition from 5 Orbits to 3 Orbits - The shift from a 5-orbit to a 3-orbit return strategy enhances the efficiency and emergency response capability of the Shenzhou spacecraft, with onboard computers now autonomously calculating departure control parameters [3] - Multiple verification processes were conducted to ensure the accuracy of the autonomous calculations, confirming the spacecraft's ability to return to Earth with high precision [3] Group 3: Significance of 3-Orbit Autonomous Quick Return - The implementation of the 3-orbit autonomous quick return significantly improves the spacecraft's ability to handle major faults during autonomous flight and docking phases [4] - The reduction in return time from the space station to Earth demonstrates the stability and reliability of China's re-entry technology, showcasing over 30 years of development in this field [4]

Core Insights - The chairman of CATL, Zeng Yuqun, stated that the new energy industry is transitioning from a "partial breakthrough" to a "full-scale incremental era" [1][2] - In the first three quarters of this year, the total export value of the "new three items" exceeded 900 billion yuan, with lithium batteries contributing nearly 400 billion yuan, accounting for over 40% [1] - CATL exported 120 GWh of lithium batteries, representing nearly 60% of the total export volume of about 200 GWh [1] - The company has invested over 80 billion yuan in R&D over the past decade, with more than 15 billion yuan invested in the first three quarters of this year [1] - As of mid-2023, CATL holds and is applying for nearly 50,000 patents, making it one of the Chinese companies with the most overseas patent applications [1] - CATL's revenue for the first three quarters reached 283.1 billion yuan, with a net profit of 49 billion yuan, indicating strong growth [1] - The battery shipment volume in Q3 was approximately 180 GWh, with energy storage batteries accounting for about 20% [1] - The annual production capacity is expected to reach 730-750 GWh, a year-on-year increase of 40% [1] - By 2026, CATL's production capacity is projected to exceed 1 TWh [1] Industry Outlook - Zeng Yuqun emphasized that the new energy industry is at a new crossroads, moving from high speed to high quality and from partial breakthroughs to full-scale increments [2] - CATL is committed to collaborating with various parties to promote the new energy industry towards a "full-scale incremental era," aiming for a better zero-carbon society and a greener future [2]

Core Insights - China's research team has made a significant breakthrough in lunar science by discovering micron-sized hematite and magnetite crystals from samples collected by the Chang'e 6 mission, revealing a new lunar oxidation reaction mechanism [1][2] - The findings provide empirical evidence for the impact origin of magnetic anomalies surrounding the South Pole-Aitken Basin, which is the largest and oldest impact basin known in the solar system [2] Group 1: Research Findings - The discovery of hematite and magnetite in lunar samples contradicts the previous belief that the lunar surface is in a "reduced environment" lacking key oxidative evidence [1] - The formation of hematite is proposed to be closely related to large impact events in the moon's history, which create a transient high oxygen fugacity gas environment [1] - The intermediate products of this reaction include magnetic magnetite and magnetite, which may serve as mineral carriers for the magnetic anomalies in the South Pole-Aitken Basin [1] Group 2: Collaborative Efforts - The research was conducted by a team from Shandong University, in collaboration with the Institute of Geochemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan University [2] - The study received support from the National Space Administration's lunar sample program and was published in the international journal "Science Advances," providing important scientific basis for future lunar research [2]

Core Insights - The discovery by China's LHAASO challenges the long-held belief that black holes are merely "consumers" of matter, revealing them as sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays [1][2] - The research published in "National Science Review" and "Science Bulletin" provides insights into the formation of cosmic rays and identifies black holes as "super particle accelerators" [1][3] Group 1: Cosmic Rays and Black Holes - Cosmic rays are high-energy charged particles from space, primarily composed of protons and atomic nuclei, carrying significant information about the universe's origins and evolution [1] - The study identifies five micro-quasars, including SS 433 and V4641 Sgr, as sources of ultra-high-energy gamma rays, with SS 433's energy peak exceeding 1 PeV [2][3] - The energy output from these black holes is likened to the release of energy equivalent to four hundred trillion hydrogen bombs [2] Group 2: The "Knee" Phenomenon - The "knee" in cosmic ray energy distribution, observed at around 3 PeV, has puzzled scientists for nearly 70 years, with previous theories suggesting a limit to the acceleration capabilities of cosmic ray sources [3] - LHAASO's measurements have provided a breakthrough, revealing that the proton energy spectrum at the "knee" is not a simple bend but shows a new high-energy component [3] - This discovery indicates the presence of multiple types of acceleration sources within the Milky Way, each with unique acceleration capabilities and energy ranges [3]

三类油层作为油田潜在储量的重要组成部分，因层间及平面非均质严重、开发难度大，此前一直缺乏成熟的三次采油技术方案。 为破解这一难题，2018年8月，大庆油田采油五厂第七作业区现场试验攻关团队正式启动上返葡I1-2层聚合物驱现场试验，旨在探索适合杏南开发区三类油 层的注入体系与开发技术，为后续规模开发积累经验。 试验过程中，技术人员针对三类油层"非均质突出"的核心难点，创新建立井组分类开发原则。根据油层发育以及连通情况，按照从好到差划分，通过聚驱过 程中个性化设计分类井注入方案，实现聚合物连续注入，形成"一类一策"的全过程精细跟踪调整。在实现不同类型井均高效开发的同时，有效提升了油层动 用效率，试验区累计动用厚度比例达94.59%，远超预期目标。 经过多年持续攻关与精细管理，试验区开发效果逐步显现。截至目前，该试验区已累计增油5.0万吨，不仅验证了三类油层三次采油技术的可行性，更为杏 南开发区乃至整个油田的储量挖潜提供了可复制、可推广的技术模式。 （受访单位供图）责任编辑：冷媚 科技日报记者 朱虹 通讯员 裴宇 11月17日，记者从大庆油田了解到，大庆油田采油五厂杏南开发区上返葡I1-2层聚合物驱现场试验，累计增 ...

Core Viewpoint - The meeting emphasized the importance of implementing the spirit of the 20th Central Committee's Fourth Plenary Session, focusing on original innovation and addressing key technological challenges to achieve high-level scientific self-reliance and build a strong technological nation [1][2][3]. Group 1: Original Innovation and Technological Challenges - The need for original innovation as a source of technological self-reliance and a key driver for addressing "bottleneck" technology issues was highlighted [2]. - Emphasis was placed on the importance of basic research breakthroughs to tackle current technological challenges, with a call for researchers to align their explorations with national strategic needs [2][3]. - The role of mathematics as a foundational element for original innovation was underscored, with suggestions to create platforms that connect mathematical research with industry needs [2]. Group 2: Talent Development - The meeting stressed the importance of nurturing top-tier innovative talent, with a focus on addressing structural challenges in talent cultivation [4][5]. - Recommendations were made to support young researchers in tackling original problems and to foster a spirit of inquiry and breakthrough [4][5]. - The need for a conducive research environment that encourages young talent to engage in ambitious projects was emphasized [5]. Group 3: Scientific Spirit and Ethical Standards - The importance of promoting a scientific spirit characterized by patriotism, innovation, and collaboration was highlighted, with a call for zero tolerance towards academic misconduct [7]. - The need for academicians to lead by example in both academic excellence and ethical conduct was stressed, to maintain public trust and enhance the influence of the scientific community [7]. - The discussion included the necessity of creating a positive research environment free from negative trends such as superficiality and haste [7].

副教授乔纳森·博雷科在他的实验室里向一层霜施加电压，以一种新方法推进他的除霜研究。图片来 源：弗吉尼亚理工大学 发表在新一期《微尺度·方法》上的论文称，美国弗吉尼亚理工大学研究团队利用冰自身的物理特 性，开发出一种新型"静电除霜"技术，通过在冰霜上方施加高电压，使冰晶在静电力作用下脱离表面， 实现低能耗、环保的除霜方式。 如果在霜层上方放置带正电的电极板，霜中的负离子缺陷会被吸引上移，而正离子缺陷则被排斥向 下，从而使霜层高度极化，产生强烈的静电吸引力。如果这种吸引力足够大，冰晶就会断裂并"跳"向电 极。基于这一假设，团队进行了系列实验。 实验显示，即使不施加电压，仅悬挂铜板也能去除约15%的霜。施加120伏电压后，去霜率提升至 40%，550伏时可达50%，说明电压提升能显著增强静电除霜效果。然而，当电压继续升高时，去霜率 却意外下降——1100伏时去霜率降至30%，5500伏仅有20%。分析认为，高电压下霜层的电荷可能向基 底泄漏，导致除霜效率下降。 为解决这一问题，团队采用绝缘玻璃和超疏水基底进行实验。结果显示，在超疏水表面施加高电压 时，去霜效果显著提升，最高可去除75%的霜。 随着冰霜晶体的生长，水 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses a groundbreaking achievement by American scientists who have created the largest and most detailed animal brain simulation system to date, replicating the structure and function of the mouse cerebral cortex [1][2] - This simulation includes nearly 10 million neurons, 26 billion synapses, and 86 interconnected brain regions, marking a significant advancement in understanding brain mechanisms and moving towards brain construction [1] Group 1: Simulation Details - The simulation was made possible by the supercomputer "Fugaku," which can perform quintillion calculations per second, enabling the processing of vast amounts of data and complex simulations [1] - The project was led by the Allen Institute for Brain Science in collaboration with Japanese institutions, utilizing real neurobiological data from the Allen Cell Types Database and the Allen Connectivity Atlas to create an accurate biological foundation for the virtual brain [1] Group 2: Research Applications - The specialized neuron simulator "Neulite" translates mathematical equations into biologically realistic neuron behaviors, allowing virtual neurons to generate electrical impulses, transmit signals, and form dynamic networks [2] - This model enables scientists to explore brain mechanisms in unprecedented ways, simulating neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and epilepsy, tracking how lesions spread in neural networks, and studying the formation of brain waves and the neural basis of attention [2] Group 3: Future Directions - The achievement provides a new tool for understanding the neural basis of cognition and consciousness, potentially revealing early changes in brain diseases before symptoms appear and accelerating drug development processes [2] - Despite this significant progress, the team acknowledges that it is only the first step towards full brain simulation, with the real challenge being to accurately replicate the complexity of biological physics for greater scientific value [2]