科技日报讯 （记者张梦然 实习生周思彤）新一期《自然评论·生物多样性》杂志发表的一项研究显 示，基因编辑技术与传统保护手段结合，将成为拯救濒危物种的关键。 原标题：基因编辑技术将成濒危物种"救星" 不过，该技术存在多重风险：CRISPR等基因编辑技术可能产生脱靶效应，基因多效性在研究较少 的物种中难预判，"选择性清除"可能降低基因组多样性；公众质疑和监管滞后也构成阻碍。 专家强调，基因编辑无法替代传统保护，需在栖息地恢复、反盗猎等措施使种群回升后使用。它虽 非"万能药"，但在气候剧变和栖息地破碎化的当下，为濒危物种存续带来了新希望，成为生物多样性保 护的重要补充工具。 当前生物多样性锐减导致物种遗传多样性持续流失，而遗传多样性是物种适应环境和抵抗疾病的核 心。传统保护措施虽能增加种群数量，却无法恢复已丢失的基因多样性，其自然恢复往往需要数千年。 鉴于此，研究团队表示，博物馆的百年标本可提取已丢失的基因变体，经编辑后重新引入野生种 群。"辅助适应"策略还能从近缘物种引入关键基因，类似农业中番茄植入芥菜抗寒基因、栗树获得小麦 抗病基因的模式。 ...

Core Insights - Recent research indicates that waste heat emitted from air conditioning systems may significantly enhance the intensity of urban summer rainstorms, presenting new challenges for extreme weather management and urban planning [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - The study conducted by a team from Nankai University utilized high-precision meteorological models to explore the impact of air conditioning waste heat on short-duration heavy rainfall, particularly in the densely populated coastal region of Shenzhen-Hong Kong [1] - Findings revealed that in scenarios with air conditioning usage, the peak intensity of short-duration heavy rainfall in Shenzhen increased by approximately 22%, while Hong Kong experienced a 3% increase [1] - The enhancement of rainfall was particularly pronounced in high-density, high-rise building areas, attributed to the increase in surface temperature and the exacerbation of the urban heat island effect caused by waste heat [1] Group 2: Implications and Recommendations - With global warming leading to more frequent air conditioning use, urban short-duration rainstorms are likely to become more common and severe [2] - The research team recommends improving the energy efficiency of air conditioning systems to reduce waste heat emissions and incorporating green infrastructure in urban planning, such as increasing urban greenery and using cooling pavement materials to mitigate the urban heat island effect [2] - This study provides important references for urban climate adaptation and infrastructure planning, particularly in high-density and rapidly urbanizing areas, emphasizing the need for effective management of air conditioning waste heat to ensure sustainable urban development [2]

Core Viewpoint - The publication of "Stories of the Work Style and Academic Style of One Hundred Famous Scientists" aims to inspire and guide current and future generations of scientific workers by sharing the exemplary stories and spirits of renowned Chinese scientists [1][3]. Group 1: Importance of Scientific Spirit - The book emphasizes the need to pass on the spirit of older generations of scientists to contemporary young scientific workers, highlighting the significance of integrity and rigor in scientific research [1][3]. - The stories within the book serve as a moral compass for the Chinese scientific community, encouraging a commitment to excellence and dedication in research endeavors [1][3]. Group 2: Exemplary Stories of Scientists - The narrative includes notable accounts such as Qian Xuesen's meticulous calculations for missile trajectories without modern computing tools, showcasing the dedication and precision that underpinned China's early aerospace achievements [1][2]. - Wang Shouguan's self-funded development of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) illustrates the spirit of resourcefulness and commitment to scientific advancement despite financial constraints [2][3]. Group 3: Call to Action for Current Researchers - The book aims to motivate young researchers to adopt a rigorous and honest approach to their work, resist the temptation of superficial success, and focus on addressing national scientific needs [3]. - It encourages a culture of selflessness and dedication among scientists, urging them to prioritize collective achievements over personal gain [3].

Core Viewpoint - The research team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed a new method using high-resolution satellite remote sensing technology to quantify methane emissions from landfills, which is crucial for addressing climate change [1][2]. Group 1: Methane Emissions from Landfills - Landfills are the third-largest anthropogenic source of methane emissions, contributing approximately 18% of global anthropogenic methane emissions [1]. - The study successfully quantified methane emissions from 102 landfills globally, revealing that management practices significantly affect methane emissions [1]. - Open landfills, lacking strict protective measures, have an average methane emission intensity 4.8 times higher than scientifically managed landfills [1]. Group 2: Methodology and Findings - The research utilized advanced satellites with a spatial resolution of 30 meters and a spectral resolution of 10 nanometers, combined with innovative algorithms [1]. - The current global atmospheric research emission databases severely underestimate methane emissions from open landfills [1]. - The new method provides a systematic assessment of methane emissions differences based on landfill management practices, offering scientific evidence to correct existing database biases [1]. Group 3: Recommendations and Future Implications - The research team calls for the international community to enhance landfill facilities and establish a global satellite monitoring data-sharing platform [2]. - Satellite remote sensing technology can achieve unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution for quantifying methane emissions from landfills globally [2]. - The study is expected to shift monitoring models from isolated measurements to a large-scale, continuous monitoring system similar to weather forecasting [2].

Core Viewpoint - The research team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed a new method using high-resolution satellite remote sensing technology to quantify methane emissions from landfills, which is crucial for addressing climate change [1][2]. Group 1: Research Findings - Landfills are the third-largest anthropogenic source of methane emissions, contributing approximately 18% of total emissions [1]. - The study successfully identified and quantified methane emissions from 102 landfills globally, utilizing advanced satellite technology with a spatial resolution of 30 meters and a spectral resolution of 10 nanometers [1]. - The management practices of landfills significantly affect methane emissions, with open landfills (lacking strict protective measures) exhibiting an average methane emission intensity 4.8 times higher than scientifically managed landfills [1]. Group 2: Implications and Recommendations - The research calls for the international community to enhance landfill facilities and suggests establishing a global satellite monitoring data-sharing platform to ensure equitable access to critical emission data for resource-limited countries [2]. - The new method improves monitoring precision and breadth, providing a reliable data foundation for formulating emission reduction policies [2]. - Experts have praised the study for its scientific value and potential applications, indicating it represents a breakthrough in remote sensing technology for solid waste management [2].

Core Viewpoint - The research conducted by Professor Huang Jinhui's team at Nankai University reveals that the waste heat generated by air conditioning during cooling processes significantly alters urban weather patterns, potentially intensifying summer rainstorms in cities. This finding presents new challenges for extreme weather management and urban planning [1][2]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study focuses on the densely populated and energy-intensive coastal region of Shenzhen-Hong Kong, utilizing high-precision meteorological models to explore the impact of air conditioning waste heat on short-duration heavy rainfall [1]. - The results indicate that in scenarios where air conditioning is used, the peak intensity of short-duration heavy rainfall in Shenzhen increases by approximately 22%, while in Hong Kong, it rises by about 3%. The enhancement of rainfall is particularly pronounced in high-density, high-rise building areas [1]. Group 2: Mechanism of Impact - Air conditioning waste heat primarily increases the sensible heat flux at the urban surface, significantly raising urban surface temperatures and exacerbating the urban heat island effect. This additional heat causes air to rise more vigorously, making moisture in the urban atmosphere more likely to reach condensation height, thereby triggering or intensifying convective rainfall [1]. Group 3: Recommendations and Implications - In response to the rising frequency and intensity of short-duration rainstorms due to increased air conditioning usage amid global warming, the research team suggests two approaches: improving the energy efficiency of air conditioning units to reduce waste heat emissions and incorporating more green infrastructure in urban planning, such as increasing urban greenery and using cooling pavement materials to mitigate the urban heat island effect [2]. - This research provides important references for urban climate adaptation and infrastructure planning, particularly in high-density and rapidly urbanizing areas, highlighting the need for effective management and mitigation of the negative impacts of air conditioning waste heat for sustainable urban development [2].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of science education in enhancing youth scientific literacy and fostering technological innovation talent, as highlighted by the director of the Beijing Haidian District Education Science Research Institute [1] - In 2023, the Ministry of Education and 18 other departments issued guidelines to strengthen science education in primary and secondary schools, focusing on integrating education, technology, and talent development [1] - The conference showcased various innovative practices in science education, with school principals sharing their experiences on how to create a "new engine" for the development of science education [1] Group 2 - The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into education is reshaping teaching methods and educational ecosystems, prompting educators to rethink how to conduct science education in the AI era [2] - The principal of Renmin University Affiliated High School proposed two approaches to leverage AI in science education: incorporating AI into the curriculum and using AI as a tool to enhance students' AI literacy [2] - The school has developed a comprehensive AI curriculum system with over 30 courses and has created more than 100 teaching cases for interdisciplinary AI education [2] Group 3 - The importance of cultivating humanistic literacy alongside AI in science education was emphasized, with a focus on integrating AI into various educational contexts, including arts education [3] - A notable course combining information technology and history allowed students to engage with cultural heritage, enhancing their cultural confidence [4] Group 4 - The scarcity of quality educational resources in science education necessitates the sharing of resources among schools, particularly in underprivileged areas [5] - Group-based education is identified as a key method to promote equitable access to quality educational resources, as outlined in the 2023 action plan by the Ministry of Education [5] - Experts at the conference stressed the need for unified educational philosophies and mechanisms across different schools within educational groups to avoid fragmentation [5][6] Group 5 - The principal of Beijing No. 80 Middle School shared experiences from their educational group, which includes ten schools and provides support to schools in less developed regions [6] - The group focuses on creating a cohesive scientific education system through cultural, institutional, and digital collaboration, while also ensuring smooth transitions between educational stages [6] Group 6 - The "Home-School-Society Collaborative Education" model aims to mobilize community resources to enhance science education, with examples of partnerships between schools and technology companies [7] - Various initiatives, such as building observatories and weather stations, have been implemented to enrich the educational experience for students [7] Group 7 - Huangpu District has developed a collaborative model for science education across different educational stages, integrating family, community, and institutional resources [8][9] - The district's approach includes creating specialized science courses that leverage local scientific resources and partnerships with higher education institutions to foster innovation and research skills among students [9]

（文章来源：科技日报） 美国加州大学尔湾分校科学家在新一期《物理评论快报》发表一项研究成果：他们在五碲化铪材料中发 现了一种全新的量子物质状态——自旋三重态激子绝缘态。这种近乎零能耗且抗辐射的奇异物质状态， 或将为深空计算技术带来革命性变革，甚至开启"自充电计算机"新纪元。 ...

Core Insights - Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have developed a new type of "whole brain" organoid that integrates multiple brain region neural tissues and features preliminary vascular structures, marking a significant advancement in organoid technology [1] Group 1 - The new organoid successfully combines various brain region tissues into a unified operational structure, which is a first in the field [1] - This breakthrough is expected to open new avenues for research into complex neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism and schizophrenia [1]

Core Insights - The construction of a new power system is accelerating, with significant changes in power production structure and technology, marking the most substantial transformation in a century [1] Group 1: AI Applications in Power Sector - State Grid Corporation showcased multiple AI applications at the 2025 World Artificial Intelligence Conference, with the "AI + Bright Model" project winning the "SAIL Star" award, being the only energy project recognized [1] - The "Tianshu" robot, designed for power station inspections, can replace 10-20 human workers, featuring advanced capabilities such as precise identification of components and autonomous operation for inspections [2] - The "Tianqing" robot can autonomously repair high-voltage line components, reducing the need for multiple personnel and significantly decreasing operation time from over an hour to just a few minutes [3] Group 2: Innovations in Power Management - The "Power AI Super Brain Locomotive" was launched, integrating nine types of intelligent systems, including autonomous driving and drone technology, to enhance operational efficiency and safety in power management [4] - The locomotive operates as a "combat commander," generating daily operational directives based on multi-source data, and can predict tree-related hazards using a "tree line twin sandbox" simulation [6] - During operations, the intelligent system can identify potential hazards in real-time and initiate emergency plans based on weather conditions, acting as a "weather sentinel" [6]