在核心的耐高温抗腐蚀密封材料领域，科研团队融合材料学、结构力学等多学科知识，成功研发出基于 不结晶全氟化学、陶瓷分子材料和有机高分子材料的新一代密封材料，其耐温耐压及抗腐蚀性能达到国 际顶尖水平。在关键的承压保温瓶制造中，团队从材料源头和连接工艺入手，创新开发出超高温钛合金 焊接工艺，显著提升了承压部件的可靠性和寿命。 "大家请听，这段声音是根据9000米至14000米地层的声波采集波形，按照人耳能听到的频率匹配合成的 音频。这是我国首次揭开地球五亿多年前的神秘面纱。"近日，在中国石油集团测井有限公司（以下简 称"中油测井"）测井展厅，讲解员为参观人员介绍道。 今年2月份，我国首口超万米科探井——深地塔科1井以10910米完钻，刷新了多项世界纪录。中油测井 自主研发的CPLog超高温高压系列测井装备成功应用于该井，填补了万米领域国产高端测井装备的空 白。 探索万米以下"新战场" 随着我国油气勘探向地球深部不断挺进，万米以下地层成为保障国家能源安全的新战场。但超深层的极 端环境，让万米测井如探月般艰难。此前，能在这种极端条件下稳定工作的测井装备长期被国外油服巨 头垄断，核心技术被严格封锁。 中油测井向这一"卡脖 ...

在鲸类研究中，算法被用来分辨海洋噪声中细微的"鲸语"差异。美国非营利组织"鲸类交流计划"正在多 米尼克岛海域跟踪并录制抹香鲸的行动与声音。 据美国塞拉俱乐部海豹协会官网报道，为了获取足够的"语料"，研究人员正在全球海域收集海量数据。 水面上，无人机拍摄鲸群活动；水下，水听器记录鲸鱼发出的咔嗒声。有的固定在漂浮的监听站上，有 的由科研船拖曳，还有的装载在可追随鲸群移动的水下滑翔器中。最清晰的声音，来自直接吸附在鲸体 表面的传感标签，它们不仅记录声音，还同步记录心率、体温、深度和姿态数据。所有数据按时间戳精 确对齐，构成一套庞大的"鲸语档案"。 2024年，美国麻省理工学院计算机科学家丹妮埃拉·鲁斯团队基于这些数据，提出了首个"抹香鲸字母 表"。研究发现，"鲸语"的意义并不只体现在节奏与停顿的差异上，细微的时间变化，或在熟悉的声型 中加入新的声段，都可能传递不同的信息。 分析鸟类鸣唱规律 在刚果民主共和国的热带雨林深处，夜幕降临时，倭黑猩猩的叫声此起彼伏，尖叫声、哼声、啾声、哨 声，交织成一场"大合唱"。法国雷恩大学灵长类学与语言学研究者梅丽莎·贝尔泰蹲守在林间，记录下 这些声音的节奏与组合。她发现，这些灵长类动 ...

Core Insights - The 2025 World Federation of Engineering Organizations General Assembly opened in Shanghai, announcing the "Top Ten Global Engineering Achievements of 2025" [1][2] - The achievements reflect advanced technological levels and significant breakthroughs in engineering science, showcasing innovations that address global challenges and promote sustainable development [1] Group 1: Top Ten Global Engineering Achievements - The ten achievements include: antibody-drug conjugates, Blackwell GPU architecture, DeepSeek open-source large language model, deep-sea manned submersible, high-performance carbon fiber composites, humanoid robots, Perseverance Mars rover, Euclid space telescope, South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and Taklamakan Desert edge-locking project [1][2] - Antibody-drug conjugates are recognized as "precision missiles" in cancer treatment, highlighting their impact on healthcare [1] - The Perseverance Mars rover integrates multiple cutting-edge technologies such as autonomous navigation and sample collection, demonstrating systemic innovation through technology integration [1] Group 2: Evaluation Process - The selection of the top ten achievements involved global nominations, expert recommendations, public surveys, and review by a selection committee [2] - The achievements are defined as significant engineering innovations completed in the last five years that have been practically validated and have a global impact [2]

不久前的国庆中秋假期，人形机器人俨然成为多地商场、工厂、医院甚至众多家庭的"明星"。 在北京王府井，银河通用自研机器人Galbot不仅能与顾客自如交谈，还能转身从货架精准抓取商品，递 送到顾客手中，整个流程完全自主；在比亚迪新能源汽车工厂，优必选Walker S机器人灵活穿梭于生产 线，轻松完成15公斤物料的快速搬运；北京一家养老院里，搭载AI陪护系统的傅利叶GR-3机器人，能 细致地为老人提供服药提醒和跌倒监测服务……这些场景已非科幻电影的想象，而是我们身边正在发生 的现实。 【"十四五"答卷·创新驱动产业蝶变】 在北京一家汽车工厂的总装车间里，一台近1.8米高的人形机器人正自主穿行于繁忙的生产线之间。它 灵活地抬起双臂，精准安装汽车顶棚，随后转身将重型部件搬运至指定区域。当地面出现障碍物时，机 器人稍作停顿，自主规划新路径并绕行——整套动作一气呵成，全程无需人工干预。 这款名为Galbot的人形机器人来自银河通用，已正式"入职"该智慧工厂，承担自动质检、零部件分拣与 搬运等复杂任务。依托银河通用自主研发的具身大模型，Galbot能够完全基于视觉感知完成物品识别与 路径规划，突破了传统工业机器人依赖预设二维 ...

此次新模型表明，锂离子嵌入电极并非一个孤立的离子行为，而是必须伴随着电子的同步转移。也就是 说，只有当电解质中的电子同时转移到电极材料中，还原该材料以容纳锂离子时，嵌入反应才能高效进 行。这一发现挑战了长期以来的主流假设。过去几十年中，人们在测量锂嵌入速率时经常得到彼此矛盾 的结果，不同实验室的测量值甚至可相差十亿倍，这使得建立统一的理论框架变得异常困难。 美国麻省理工学院团队首次系统测量了多种电池材料中的锂离子嵌入速率，并基于实验数据提出了一种 全新的理论模型，研究人员凭借简单公式即可设计出下一代电池。新成果使电池主导反应机制更快、更 可控，从而显著提升电池的充放电速度和使用寿命，并为人们理解不同材料和界面的反应行为提供了统 一理论视角。研究成果发表在最新一期《科学》杂志上。 所有锂离子电池的核心都依赖于一个基本反应：在放电过程中，溶解于电解质中的锂离子会嵌入固体电 极材料中，而在充电时，这些离子则从电极中脱嵌，返回电解质中。这一嵌入与脱嵌过程在电池整个生 命周期内反复进行数千次，电池的能量输出和充电速度取决于该反应的速率。然而长期以来，科学界对 这一反应的具体机制及其速率控制因素的理解十分有限。 【总编辑 ...

记者从中国航天科技集团获悉，10月13日18时00分，长征二号丁运载火箭在酒泉卫星发射中心点火升空，随后将试验三十一号卫星送入预定轨道，发射任 务取得圆满成功。 本次任务是长征二号丁运载火箭的第101次发射，也是长征系列运载火箭第599次发射。 （图片来源：我们的太空） 科技日报记者 付毅飞 本次任务的卫星和火箭均由中国航天科技集团八院抓总研制。试验三十一号卫星主要用于开展新型光学成像技术验证。长征二号丁运载火箭是一型常温两 级液体运载火箭，具备发射不同轨道要求的单星、多星能力，700公里太阳同步轨道运载能力为1.3吨。自1992年8月9日首飞起，该型火箭已实现"百发百 胜"，目前该火箭已形成一套成熟高效的发射流程。 ...

Core Points - The National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration have revised and issued the "Energy Planning Management Measures" to enhance energy planning management and its guiding role in energy development [1][2] - The new measures consist of 6 chapters and 26 articles, focusing on the entire cycle of energy planning management, including preparation, implementation, evaluation, and adjustment [1] Group 1: Energy Planning Framework - The measures emphasize the importance of energy planning in guiding energy development, major project layout, rational allocation of public resources, and directing social capital investment [2] - The planning process must integrate energy security and green transition, involving comprehensive research, data collection, and multi-scenario comparisons [2] Group 2: Implementation and Compliance - The measures stipulate that unapproved provincial comprehensive energy plans and those not aligned with other provincial energy plans cannot be used as a basis for energy development or project approval [2] - There is a requirement for enhanced coordination between various energy plans and other related policies to ensure consistency and effectiveness in energy planning [2]

Core Insights - Researchers at Tohoku University have developed a rechargeable magnesium battery prototype that effectively addresses several long-standing challenges in magnesium-based energy storage technology, potentially paving the way for new sustainable and fast-charging battery solutions [1][2] Group 1: Technological Advancements - The new battery design utilizes an innovative amorphous oxide cathode composed of magnesium, a small amount of lithium, and elements such as tellurium, molybdenum, and oxygen, which facilitates efficient ion migration at room temperature [1] - The battery has demonstrated stable energy output even after 200 charge-discharge cycles, indicating its reliability for practical applications [1] Group 2: Market Implications - The development of this magnesium battery is significant as it addresses the growing demand for large-scale, sustainable energy storage solutions, especially given the scarcity of lithium resources [1] - The research establishes key design principles for next-generation cathode materials, which may enhance the safety, sustainability, and resource-friendliness of energy storage systems [2]

脉冲星是转动很快的中子星，因不断地发出电磁脉冲信号而得名。它是最致密的天体之一，有极高的密 度、极强的磁场和极强的引力，被公认为是物理学和天文学的"超级明星"，也是研究四大相互作用和极 端条件下物理规律的天然实验室，通过观测脉冲星，可检验广义相对论、探测低频引力波等，为脉冲星 物理等理论研究提供重要的数据支持。 记者10月12日从中国科学院国家天文台获悉，截至目前，"中国天眼"（FAST）发现的脉冲星数量已达 到1152颗，超过同一时期国际其他望远镜发现脉冲星数量的总和，其中包括大量的毫秒脉冲星和脉冲星 双星，丰富了脉冲星的种类和数量，对于理解脉冲星的形成和恒星演化具有重要意义。 由于具有很高的灵敏度，"十四五"期间，FAST不仅发现了数量众多的脉冲星，还取得了一批原创性重 大成果，让我国射电天文研究实现从跟跑到领跑的跨越。（记者陆成宽） ...

Core Insights - A new 3D printing technology developed by a research team at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne allows for the creation of complex, high-strength, and high-density metal and ceramic components using ordinary hydrogels, overcoming the limitations of traditional photopolymer-based printing methods [1][2] Group 1: Technology Overview - The new additive manufacturing concept involves selecting materials after the 3D printing process rather than before, which is a significant departure from existing methods [1] - The process begins with printing a three-dimensional scaffold using hydrogel, which is then immersed in a metal salt solution to allow metal ions to penetrate and convert into uniformly distributed metal nanoparticles through a chemical reaction [1] - This "growth cycle" can be repeated multiple times, resulting in a composite material with a very high metal content [1] Group 2: Performance and Applications - The technology has successfully printed complex mathematical lattice structures made of iron, silver, and copper, which exhibit high specific strength and intricate geometric features, making them ideal for aerospace and energy device applications [2] - The new materials can withstand pressures 20 times greater than those produced by traditional methods, with a shrinkage rate of only 20%, significantly lower than the 60% to 90% shrinkage seen in conventional techniques [2] - This technology is particularly suitable for manufacturing lightweight, high-strength, and complex three-dimensional devices, including sensors, biomedical devices, and energy conversion and storage systems [2]