科技日报北京12月17日电 （记者张梦然）英国《自然》杂志17日发布了人类细胞核内染色体的详细图 谱。这一资源为深入理解人类DNA物理结构和生物表达的关联提供了基础。 研究团队表示，后续仍需要进一步研究，以探索这些观察到的结构如何与单个基因功能相关联，以及这 些成果是否能应用于对抗遗传疾病。 【总编辑圈点】 染色体研究不是二维的，而应在"四维时空"中考量。现在，"4D核组计划"的突破性成果为理解遗传疾病 提供了全新视角——许多疾病可能正源于染色质三维结构的异常，而非单纯的基因序列突变，未来或可 通过调控染色质结构来治疗遗传病。更重要的是，这项研究建立的技术平台和数据集，将成为整个生命 科学领域的基础资源，帮助人们实现"按需调控基因表达"的目标，最终推动癌症、发育异常等重大疾病 的治疗。 鉴于细胞核结构如何在不同的时间尺度上重新组构尚未解释清楚，一个重要原因是研究工具未能及时跟 上。美国国立卫生研究院共同基金于2015年启动了"4D核组计划"，其目标是开发出研究核组织在空间 和时间上的结构和功能的技术。 此次，"4D核组计划"团队之一、美国马萨诸塞大学医学院采用多种染色体捕获技术，分析两类细胞中 的染色体组织： ...

值得关注的是，过去几年三大中心建设成效显著，对支撑我国创新能力提升发挥了重要作用。三大 中心建设启动以来，大力加强原始创新，产出一批原创性成果，集聚形成若干先进制造业集群，辐射引 领作用持续显现。北京、上海、广东2024年研发投入强度分别达到6.58%、4.35%、3.6%。2025年全球 百强创新集群排名中，深圳—香港—广州、北京、上海—苏州分别位居第1、第4、第6位。 中央财办有关负责同志解释，拓展国际科技创新中心建设范围，有利于更好推动科技创新和产业创 新融合发展。京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区是我国高质量发展重要动力源。推动国际科技创新中心扩 围，更好整合创新资源，持续放大其在原始创新策源、高端产业引领、科技成果转化等方面作用，有利 于形成科技创新和产业创新联动互促局面，不断催生新质生产力，为高质量发展提供强有力支撑。 中央财办有关负责同志表示，三大中心建设扩围提质，必将成为我国迈向科技强国的重要战略支 点。有关方面正在制定北京（京津冀）、上海（长三角）国际科技创新中心建设方案，将围绕战略科技 力量布局、重大任务部署、体制改革试点、产业集群联合培育等，推出一批务实举措。"我们相信，随 着各项举措逐步落地 ...

Group 1 - The U.S. House of Representatives introduced the "Security Lidar Act," aiming to phase out Chinese-made lidar systems and ban new imports after three years, except for research and cybersecurity testing [1] - The act is seen as part of a broader strategy to undermine Chinese technology products and protect U.S. market space, similar to previous actions against Huawei [1] - Chinese companies currently dominate the lidar market, with estimates indicating that four firms—Hesai Technology, RoboSense, Huawei, and TuSimple—will hold 88% of the global automotive lidar market share by 2024 [1] Group 2 - Chinese lidar companies have achieved significant technological advancements and manufacturing capabilities, with Hesai and RoboSense holding over three times the number of relevant patents compared to U.S. leaders Ouster and Luminar [2] - The production efficiency of Chinese firms is highlighted, with Hesai's automated production line capable of producing a lidar unit every 20 seconds, making their products not only technologically advanced but also competitively priced [2] - In contrast, U.S. lidar companies face challenges in scaling production and maintaining competitive pricing, with Luminar's products priced around $1,000 and plans to reduce prices not expected until 2026 [3] Group 3 - The struggles of U.S. lidar companies reflect broader issues within the U.S. manufacturing sector, indicating that reliance on market restrictions against Chinese products may not resolve underlying challenges [4] - Even if the U.S. manages to restrict Chinese products, it may not be able to capitalize on the resulting market space due to its own industry weaknesses [4]

Group 1: Price Increase of Platinum - The price of platinum has significantly increased, with the futures market closing at 527.55 yuan per gram, a rise of 7% as of December 17 [1] - Retail prices for platinum jewelry have also surpassed 700 yuan per gram [1] - The increase in platinum prices is attributed to three main factors: a weakening dollar leading to a shift towards precious metals, a continuous decline in platinum supply, and strong industrial demand [2] Group 2: Factors Behind Price Increase - The global platinum market is expected to face a shortage for the third consecutive year, with a projected deficit of 30 tons (approximately 96.4 thousand ounces) by 2025 [2] - Industrial demand for platinum is expected to reach 95 tons by 2025, accounting for 38% of total demand, driven by its use in fuel cell vehicles and clean energy applications [2] - The current bullish trend in platinum is seen as a long-term movement rather than a short-term reaction, influenced by supply constraints and increasing industrial demand [2] Group 3: Role of Platinum in Hydrogen Industry - Platinum is recognized for its chemical stability, catalytic activity, and biocompatibility, making it essential in high-tech industries, particularly in hydrogen energy [3] - It serves as a core catalyst in proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis and fuel cells, crucial for hydrogen production and energy conversion [3] - The demand for platinum in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is projected to reach 43.8 tons by 2025, with an additional 6.3 tons needed for hydrogen production [3] Group 4: Strengthening Platinum Supply Chain - The global distribution of platinum resources is highly concentrated, primarily in South Africa, Russia, and Zimbabwe, with China relying on imports for over 80% of its platinum needs [4] - To address resource shortages, China must enhance the strategic importance of platinum in its mineral resource management and improve development efficiency [5] - Strategies include encouraging domestic companies to invest in platinum-rich regions, increasing recycling efficiency, and optimizing the supply chain through better pricing mechanisms [5]

科技日报北京12月17日电 （记者张梦然）英国《自然》杂志17日发布了人类细胞核内染色体的详 细图谱。这一资源为深入理解人类DNA物理结构和生物表达的关联提供了基础。 人类染色体的三维组织结构，对于协调遗传物质调控生物反应过程起着重要作用。DNA缠绕组蛋 白形成名为染色质的复合体，存储在细胞核内。大量染色质位点可通过生物化学修饰来调控基因表达。 绘制这一三维结构及其如何随时间（第四维度）而改变的工作，被称为4D核组学。 研究团队表示，后续仍需要进一步研究，以探索这些观察到的结构如何与单个基因功能相关联，以 及这些成果是否能应用于对抗遗传疾病。 鉴于细胞核结构如何在不同的时间尺度上重新组构尚未解释清楚，一个重要原因是研究工具未能及 时跟上。美国国立卫生研究院共同基金于2015年启动了"4D核组计划"，其目标是开发出研究核组织在 空间和时间上的结构和功能的技术。 此次，"4D核组计划"团队之一、美国马萨诸塞大学医学院采用多种染色体捕获技术，分析两类细 胞中的染色体组织：人类胚胎干细胞和成纤维细胞（结缔组织细胞）。他们为每种细胞类型编目了超过 14万种染色质环（DNA复合结构），生成了单个基因的核环境模型，包括其与 ...

中央经济工作会议明确了明年经济工作的总体要求和政策取向，"坚持创新驱动，加紧培育壮大新 动能"被列为八项重点任务之一，明确提出"建设北京（京津冀）、上海（长三角）、粤港澳大湾区国际 科技创新中心"。 中央财办有关负责同志表示，三大中心建设扩围提质，必将成为我国迈向科技强国的重要战略支 点。有关方面正在制定北京（京津冀）、上海（长三角）国际科技创新中心建设方案，将围绕战略科技 力量布局、重大任务部署、体制改革试点、产业集群联合培育等，推出一批务实举措。"我们相信，随 着各项举措逐步落地，三大中心必将成为创新引领中国式现代化的样板和标杆。"中央财办有关负责同 志表示。 此前，在"十四五"规划纲要中，相关表述为"支持北京、上海、粤港澳大湾区形成国际科技创新中 心"。如何理解中央经济工作会议关于"建设北京（京津冀）、上海（长三角）、粤港澳大湾区国际科技 创新中心"的重大部署？差异在哪、又如何互补？ 中央财办有关负责同志解释，拓展国际科技创新中心建设范围，有利于更好地推动科技创新和产业 创新融合发展。京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区是我国高质量发展重要动力源。推动国际科技创新中心 扩围，更好整合创新资源，持续放大其在原始创 ...

Core Viewpoint - The discussion around "poor-quality carbohydrates as a driver of chronic inflammation" has gained significant attention, highlighting the contrasting health impacts of different types of carbohydrates. Long-term consumption of poor-quality carbohydrates can disrupt metabolism, induce chronic inflammation, and increase disease risk [1]. Group 1: Mechanisms of Poor-Quality Carbohydrates - Poor-quality carbohydrates are defined as highly processed foods low in dietary fiber, high in glycemic index, and significantly depleted of nutrients, including sugary drinks and refined grains [1]. - These foods disrupt blood sugar metabolism, leading to inflammation through a cycle of high sugar intake, insulin resistance, and increased inflammatory markers [1]. - They also damage gut microbiome balance, leading to "leaky gut" syndrome, where toxins from harmful bacteria enter the bloodstream, triggering systemic inflammation [2]. - Excess sugar can form advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which promote inflammation and accelerate cellular aging, resulting in visible skin aging [2]. Group 2: Health Risks Associated with Poor-Quality Carbohydrates - Chronic inflammation is just one consequence; poor-quality carbohydrates act as catalysts for various chronic diseases. They provide weak satiety, leading to overeating and increased visceral fat, which releases inflammatory factors [3]. - The World Health Organization has identified excessive intake of poor-quality carbohydrates as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, with insulin resistance being a key contributor to these conditions [3]. - Chronic inflammation can create a favorable environment for cancer cell growth, with studies indicating a higher risk of colorectal and breast cancers among those consuming high-glycemic foods [3]. Group 3: Recommendations for Healthy Carbohydrate Consumption - The focus should be on replacing poor-quality carbohydrates with high-quality options characterized by slow glycemic response, high fiber content, and minimal processing. Suggestions include mixing white rice with whole grains or substituting starchy foods with sweet potatoes and corn [4]. - Total carbohydrate intake should align with dietary guidelines, comprising 50%-65% of total energy, with whole grains and legumes making up 50-150 grams daily, and ensuring a fiber-to-carbohydrate ratio not exceeding 10:1 [4]. - Combining carbohydrates with proteins and healthy fats can slow digestion and enhance satiety, promoting better health outcomes [4].

几十年来，百慕大三角一直是神秘的代名词。失踪的船只、坠毁的飞机、无线电突然中断……各种 传说让这片位于美国佛罗里达、波多黎各和百慕大之间的海域蒙上了一层超自然色彩。但如果把目光从 海面移向地下，科学家发现，最大的谜团或许不是航行日志里记载的各种遭遇，而是深藏在地壳之下的 百慕大"身世之谜"。 从地质构造上看，百慕大非常特殊。它坐落在一片被称为"海洋隆起带"的区域，这类隆起通常出现 在火山热点之上。最典型的例子是夏威夷，炽热的地幔物质从深处上涌，穿透地壳，形成火山岛，同时 把周围的海底整体抬高。但随着板块移动、火山活动停止，这种隆起会逐渐冷却、下沉。 从深埋地壳的岩石层，到突如其来的巨浪，百慕大三角的神秘，或许并不需要超自然力量来解释。 真正令人惊叹的，是地球本身依然隐藏着许多尚未被完全理解的极端过程。它们静静地躲在未知的幕 后，直到被科学一点点发现。 进一步分析显示，在百慕大地壳之下，还存在着一层额外的岩石。美国卡内基科学研究所地震学家 威廉·弗雷泽指出，通常情况下，海洋地壳下方会直接过渡到地幔，但在百慕大，"中间多出了一层"。 这层岩石并非普通沉积物，而是冻结的岩浆。它形成于百慕大最后一次火山活动期间，当时 ...

Core Insights - Northeastern University scientists have developed a topologically guided acoustic wave sensor capable of high-precision detection of micron-sized targets without reducing the sensor's size [1] - This advancement is expected to propel the development of nanoscale and quantum-scale sensing technologies, significantly impacting fields such as quantum computing and precision medicine [1] Group 1: Technology Development - The sensor is designed to detect smaller objects without decreasing the pixel size, addressing the common issue where performance and sensitivity decline as sensor size decreases [1] - The topologically guided acoustic wave sensor is comparable in size to a belt buckle and utilizes guided acoustic waves and a special state of matter known as topological interface states to detect minute targets like individual proteins or cancer cells [1] Group 2: Experimental Validation - In proof-of-concept experiments, the sensor successfully detected a low-power infrared laser target with a diameter of only 5 micrometers, which is approximately one-tenth the diameter of a human hair [1] - The experiments demonstrated the sensor's ability to clearly distinguish extremely weak signals from highly localized parameters [1]

Group 1 - The U.S. House of Representatives' "China Task Force" has proposed the "Laser Radar Security Act," aiming to phase out Chinese-made laser radars in the U.S. and ban imports after three years, except for research and cybersecurity testing [1] - The act's proponent, Congressman Raja Krishnamoorthi, claims that Chinese laser radars pose a national security threat and emphasizes the need for the U.S. and its allies to lead in laser radar innovation [1] - Chinese companies currently dominate the laser radar market, with estimates indicating that four firms—Hesai Technology, RoboSense, Huawei, and TuSimple—will hold 88% of the global market share by 2024 [1] Group 2 - Chinese laser radar companies are excelling in both technology and manufacturing, with Hesai Technology and RoboSense holding over three times the number of relevant patents compared to U.S. leaders Ouster and Luminar [2] - The mass production capabilities of Chinese firms are highlighted, with Hesai's automated production line producing a laser radar every 20 seconds and achieving competitive pricing, with some products priced as low as $200 [2] Group 3 - U.S. companies once held a leading position in the laser radar market, with Velodyne dominating with over 80% market share in the 2010s, but have struggled with low-cost mass production [3] - Recent challenges include the bankruptcy of Luminar, which was once highly valued, and difficulties faced by other U.S. laser radar companies, with Ouster's actual shipments being only 7,200 units in Q3 2025 [3] Group 4 - The struggles of the U.S. laser radar industry reflect broader issues within its manufacturing sector, suggesting that relying on market restrictions against Chinese products may not resolve underlying challenges [4]