美国密歇根州立大学研究团队利用捐赠的人类干细胞，成功开发出全球首个"人源化"心脏类器官，能在 暴露于炎症环境时表现出心房颤动特征。这一突破为研究心律失常提供了前所未有的活体人体组织模 型，有望打破该领域30多年来无新药问世的僵局。这项发表于《细胞·干细胞》的研究，标志着人类在 对抗心律失常的道路上迈出了关键一步。 心房颤动影响全球约6000万人，但由于缺乏准确的人类心脏模型，药物研发长期停滞。近30多年来，没 有新药物被开发用于治疗心房颤动。现有疗法往往针对症状而非潜在机制，因此人们对这种疾病仍然治 疗不力。 2020年起，密歇根州立大学发育与干细胞生物学部艾托·阿吉雷团队利用捐赠的人类干细胞，培育出直 径约数毫米的三维心脏类器官。这些类器官不仅拥有类似真实心脏的腔室结构和血管网络，还能自主节 律性跳动。而且这些类器官的节律性搏动非常强劲，无需显微镜即可观察到。 类器官大小与扁豆相仿，精确度极高，使团队能够以前所未有的方式研究心脏发育、疾病和药物反应。 此次研究的关键进展在于，团队首次在类器官中引入了免疫细胞。博士后研究员科林·奥罗克发现，当 类器官暴露于炎症环境时，会出现类似房颤的心律失常；而使用抗炎药物后 ...

Core Viewpoint - The rise of "AI Slop" content, characterized by low-quality, repetitive, and meaningless information generated by AI tools, is increasingly prevalent on the internet, particularly on social media platforms [1][2][4]. Group 1: Definition and Characteristics of "AI Slop" - "AI Slop" refers to low-quality content produced by AI tools, including text, images, and videos, often found on social media and automated content farms [2][3]. - The term "Slop" originally described cheap and low-nutrition items, and its modern usage highlights the poor quality of AI-generated content that clutters information channels [2][3]. - Unlike "deepfakes" or "AI hallucinations," which have specific deceptive intents or technical errors, "AI Slop" is produced without regard for accuracy or logic, leading to a proliferation of meaningless content [3]. Group 2: Causes of Proliferation - The widespread creation of "AI Slop" is driven by the increasing power and low cost of AI technology, allowing users to generate content quickly for clicks and ad revenue [4]. - Tools like ChatGPT, Gemini, and Sora enable rapid content generation, leading to the emergence of content farms that prioritize quantity over quality [4]. - Algorithms on social media platforms often favor engagement metrics over content quality, further incentivizing the production of "AI Slop" [4]. Group 3: Consequences of "AI Slop" - The overwhelming presence of "AI Slop" can obscure the line between credible and false information, leading to a trust crisis where misinformation spreads rapidly [5][6]. - As "AI Slop" proliferates, it diminishes the visibility of trustworthy sources in search results, complicating users' ability to discern fact from fiction [5][6]. Group 4: Potential Solutions - Some companies, like Spotify, are beginning to label AI-generated content and adjust algorithms to reduce the recommendation of low-quality material [8]. - The C2PA (Content Authenticity Initiative) aims to embed metadata in digital files to trace their origins, helping users identify whether content is human-created or AI-generated [8]. - The most effective defense against "AI Slop" lies in individual user behavior, encouraging people to verify sources and support genuine creators [8].

"我们发现，语言在大脑视觉系统中扮演组织和调节的角色，这启发我们思考，真正的智能也许要像人 脑一样，让语言去统筹感知、记忆和推理，而不是简单地并列处理多种模态。"北京大学心理与认知科 学学院及人工智能研究院助理教授朱毅鑫说。 研究团队同时将脑卒中患者数据作为对照实验。结果表明：患者语言—视觉通路受损越严重，其视觉脑 区活动越像"纯视觉模型"；当语言—视觉通路被破坏，语言对视觉的调节作用随之消失，成为"语言调 节视觉"的直接证据。北京大学心理与认知科学学院及人工智能研究院教授毕彦超表示，在用AI模型理 解大脑的同时，脑损伤患者的脑活动也验证了模型的机制。 当我们看到"玫瑰"时，大脑只是单纯在"看"吗？北京大学联合北京师范大学、山西医科大学第一医院的 研究团队发现，语言不仅塑造思维，更在潜移默化中改变人们"看世界"的方式。相关研究成果15日发表 于《自然·人类行为》。 语言是否影响视觉是科学界的长期争论。此次，研究团队利用人工智能（AI）模型构建"数字实验室"， 将只学习图像的"纯视觉模型"与学习过图文的"视觉—语言模型"进行对比，并将其内部表征与四组健康 人的大脑视觉皮层活动比对。结果显示，被语言"指导"过的A ...

Core Viewpoint - The rise of "liquid masks" as a nasal spray product is linked to the recent outbreak of influenza, attracting consumers looking for alternatives to traditional masks, despite concerns about its efficacy and potential misleading claims [1][2]. Group 1: Product Description and Popularity - "Liquid masks" are marketed as a nasal spray that creates a "physical barrier" to block viruses, claiming a "99.9% blocking rate" and promoting a slogan of "everyone can take off their masks" [1]. - The product has gained popularity on e-commerce platforms, with some brands reportedly selling over 1 million bottles annually, appealing to consumers who find traditional masks uncomfortable or unattractive [1][2]. Group 2: Expert Opinions on Efficacy - Experts express skepticism about the claims made by "liquid masks," emphasizing that they do not replace traditional masks, which have established scientific backing for their effectiveness in reducing virus transmission [3][4]. - The traditional masks are noted for their clear technical standards and proven ability to reduce droplet transmission by over 70% when worn correctly [3]. Group 3: Regulatory and Safety Concerns - "Liquid masks" are classified as everyday consumer products rather than medical devices, lacking large-scale clinical validation for their advertised protective effects [2][4]. - Legal experts warn that the claims of "99.9% virus blockage" may constitute false advertising, urging consumers to be cautious and for e-commerce platforms to monitor misleading promotional content [2]. Group 4: Limitations and Risks - The protective effect of "liquid masks" is limited, as they primarily rely on a gel layer that may not effectively filter out viruses smaller than 0.1 microns, and potential side effects such as nasal dryness and irritation have not been thoroughly evaluated [5][6]. - Experts highlight that while the gel may adsorb some viruses, the overall effectiveness is compromised by the possibility of virus transmission through the mouth, indicating that the product should not be relied upon as a primary protective measure [6].

如何实现光在纳米甚至原子尺度上的精准操控与高效传播，一直是科学研究的前沿问题。近日，来自上 海交通大学、国家纳米科学中心、东北师范大学与香港大学的联合研究团队，提出了一种名为"声子工 程"的新策略，首次实现了超宽频带、几乎无衍射的极化激元定向传播。相关研究成果15日发表于《自 然·纳米技术》杂志。 "我们不再是被动地寻找满足动量匹配的体系，而是主动'设计'出理想状态。"论文共同通讯作者、上海 交通大学副教授郭相东说，"这为制造超紧凑、高性能的光子电路打开了一扇全新的大门，也为纳米光 子学与集成光电子学的未来发展注入强大动力。" "'声子工程'调控策略不仅解决了极化激元控制中的关键技术瓶颈，还具有较强的通用性和灵活性。"戴 庆说，借助该技术，未来有望在指甲盖大小芯片上集成强大的光子电路，推动信息技术向更高速、更低 功耗、更高密度方向发展。 （文章来源：科技日报） 然而，要将这一潜力转化为现实，首先必须解决一个核心难题：如何对极化激元进行高效且灵活的控 制。目前，该操控过程面临两大技术瓶颈。论文共同通讯作者、上海交通大学教授戴庆告诉记者："首 先是需要非常精确的'动量匹配'，就像两列火车要完美同步才能对接；其次是 ...

12月15日，工业和信息化部附条件许可了长安牌和极狐牌两款L3级自动驾驶车型产品，我国自动驾驶 汽车产业正式从"技术验证"迈向"量产应用"新阶段。 对自动驾驶而言，安全性是最核心的考量。此次获批上路的两家企业已按要求完成并通过了一系列产品 测试与安全评估。 孙航透露，相关安全评估并非单纯验证某项功能，而是对自动驾驶产品的安全性进行系统性、全流程考 核：一方面，考察企业在自动驾驶产品设计、开发、测试全过程中的安全保障能力；另一方面，通过第 三方实验机构测试、行业专家评审等，对具体车型的安全性能进行验证。 L3级自动驾驶的落地，是涵盖整车、零部件、软件算法、通信、数据服务等多主体协同的系统性工 程。业内人士表示，此次获批是在社会广泛关注和高度期待下，主管部门作出的重要安排，将带动新出 行、新保险等衍生业态发展。 何为L3级自动驾驶？即将开展的上路试点意味着什么？科技日报记者就此采访了有关专家。 第一问：何为L3级有条件自动驾驶？ 目前，我国将驾驶自动化分为0级到5级共6个级别。根据《汽车驾驶自动化分级》标准，L0代表完全由 人类驾驶，L1—L2属于驾驶辅助阶段，L3—L5则逐步过渡到有条件自动驾驶、高度自动驾驶， ...

Core Insights - The new National Medical Insurance Drug List and the first Commercial Insurance Innovative Drug List have been officially released, including over a hundred innovative drugs, set to be implemented on January 1 next year [1] Group 1: New Drugs Included in the Medical Insurance List - 98% of the drugs included in the medical insurance list are new drugs approved within the last five years, with 50 of them being first-class new drugs, marking a historical high [2] - A significant portion of the newly added drugs addresses high-demand conditions such as cancer, chronic diseases, and rare diseases, with 36 cancer drugs included, accounting for approximately 30% of the total [2] - The inclusion of innovative drugs is expected to alleviate clinical pain points, particularly for conditions previously lacking effective treatments, such as triple-negative breast cancer and pancreatic cancer [3] Group 2: Coverage and Clinical Value - The new medical insurance directory covers a wide range of diseases, including metabolic diseases and rare diseases, with drugs like KARS-targeted therapies now included [3] - Chronic disease medications, such as the cholesterol-lowering drug Increlex and the dual-target diabetes drug Tirzepatide, have also been added to the list [4] - The approval rate for drugs entering the expert review stage has decreased to 41.48%, with 331 drugs evaluated and only 129 passing the review [5] Group 3: Criteria for Inclusion - The "Four No Changes" principle restricts the inclusion of drugs that do not alter the main components, indications, administration routes, or clinical value, focusing on "true innovative" drugs that fill existing gaps [6] - Several first-class new drugs did not pass the expert review due to insufficient clinical value, despite being new compounds [7] - Experts emphasize the need to avoid homogenized innovation that wastes resources, advocating for genuine innovation that demonstrates real clinical benefits [8] Group 4: Commercial Insurance Innovative Drug List - The first Commercial Insurance Innovative Drug List includes advanced therapies such as CAR-T cell therapy, monoclonal antibodies, and small molecule targeted drugs, with 19 drugs included [10] - To facilitate the implementation of the commercial insurance innovative drug list, the National Medical Insurance Bureau has provided supportive measures, including exemptions from certain monitoring and payment frameworks [11] - The successful implementation of this new system requires careful consideration of actuarial pricing and the establishment of efficient communication platforms between commercial insurance and medical enterprises [11]

丙型肝炎病毒可导致慢性丙肝感染，全球约有5000万人长期感染，每年约造成24.2万人死亡，主要死因 是由此引发的肝硬化和肝癌。尽管丙肝可通过8—12周的药物疗程治愈，但由于价格低、易获取的检测 手段不足，治疗覆盖率依然偏低。 此次，研究团队基于自主研发的DASH®（特异性杂交诊断分析仪）平台，开发了针对丙肝检测的快速 聚合酶链式反应（PCR）。该平台此前已用于新冠病毒检测，此次通过技术优化，实现了利用全血样本 快速检测丙肝病毒RNA。 美国西北大学领导的研究团队开发出迄今最快的丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）检测技术，可在15分钟内给出 结果，比现有快速检测方案提速高达75%。这一速度对患者的治疗至关重要，有望预防并发症，甚至挽 救生命。相关研究成果发表于新一期《传染病杂志》。 （文章来源：科技日报） 团队成员表示，新技术可让患者在门诊就诊期间就完成检测，有望实现当日确诊、当日治疗，使更多患 者更早治愈，从而彻底改变丙肝防治方式。 为验证效果，研究人员将检测设备和试剂送往约翰斯·霍普金斯大学，由独立团队对97份临床样本进行 评估。结果显示，该检测设备与商用检测平台的结果一致率达到100%。 在常规流程中，PCR样本通常 ...

Core Insights - A collaborative research team from the University of Colorado Boulder and Sandia National Laboratories has developed a super-miniature optical phase modulator, which is only one-hundredth the diameter of a human hair, capable of controlling laser frequencies with extremely low power consumption and high precision, providing core support for future large-scale quantum computers [1][2] Group 1: Technological Advancements - The new optical phase modulator utilizes microwave frequency vibrations oscillating billions of times per second to precisely control the phase of lasers, efficiently generating stable new laser frequencies on a chip [1] - The device's microwave power consumption is approximately 1/80 that of various commercial modulators while achieving the same functionality [1] Group 2: Implications for Quantum Computing - Lower power consumption leads to reduced heat generation, allowing for more optical channels to be densely packed and even integrated on the same chip, enabling unified and precise control of laser frequencies and phases for a large number of atoms [2] - This advancement supports the realization of a powerful and scalable atomic control system, essential for quantum computing [2] Group 3: Manufacturing and Industry Impact - The device is manufactured using CMOS technology in a wafer fabrication facility, which is the most mature and scalable manufacturing technology in the modern chip industry, widely used in smartphones, computers, and various electronic devices [2] - This achievement is expected to drive the transition of optical technology from large, high-energy traditional optical devices to highly integrated, low-power photonic chip platforms [2]

美国密歇根州立大学研究团队利用捐赠的人类干细胞，成功开发出全球首个"人源化"心脏类器官，能在 暴露于炎症环境时表现出心房颤动特征。这一突破为研究心律失常提供了前所未有的活体人体组织模 型，有望打破该领域30多年来无新药问世的僵局。这项发表于《细胞·干细胞》的研究，标志着人类在 对抗心律失常的道路上迈出了关键一步。 心房颤动影响全球约6000万人，但由于缺乏准确的人类心脏模型，药物研发长期停滞。近30多年来，没 有新药物被开发用于治疗心房颤动。现有疗法往往针对症状而非潜在机制，因此人们对这种疾病仍然治 疗不力。 2020年起，密歇根州立大学发育与干细胞生物学部艾托·阿吉雷团队利用捐赠的人类干细胞，培育出直 径约数毫米的三维心脏类器官。这些类器官不仅拥有类似真实心脏的腔室结构和血管网络，还能自主节 律性跳动。而且这些类器官的节律性搏动非常强劲，无需显微镜即可观察到。 类器官大小与扁豆相仿，精确度极高，使团队能够以前所未有的方式研究心脏发育、疾病和药物反应。 此次研究的关键进展在于，团队首次在类器官中引入了免疫细胞。博士后研究员科林·奥罗克发现，当 类器官暴露于炎症环境时，会出现类似房颤的心律失常；而使用抗炎药物后 ...