Core Insights - On October 15, 2025, a total of 22 papers were published in the prestigious journal Nature, with several authored by Chinese scholars, highlighting the significant contributions of Chinese researchers in various scientific fields [2][4][6][9][12][21][22][24]. Group 1: Research Contributions - Zhang Zhenhua from RWTH Aachen University published a paper on "Deaminative cross-coupling of amines by boryl radical β-scission," focusing on a novel reaction mechanism involving boryl radicals [2]. - A collaborative work by Xu Minyu from National University of Singapore and Zhang Xinglong from Chinese University of Hong Kong discussed "Photocatalytic oxygen-atom transmutation of oxetanes," presenting advancements in photocatalysis [4]. - A team from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Fudan University, and Nanjing University of Science and Technology introduced "Tin-based perovskite solar cells with a homogeneous buried interface," contributing to solar energy technology [6]. - The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative was highlighted in a paper by researchers from Academia Sinica, providing a cohort for large-scale studies in precision medicine [9]. - A study on "Population-specific polygenic risk scores for people of Han Chinese ancestry" was published by researchers from Academia Sinica, focusing on genetic risk assessment [12]. Group 2: Environmental and Material Science - Lin Yucheng from Rutgers University published a paper on "Modern sea-level rise breaks 4,000-year stability in southeastern China," addressing significant environmental changes [17]. - Research on "Patchy nanoparticles by atomic stencilling" was conducted by Chen Qian from the University of Illinois, exploring innovative methods in nanotechnology [19]. - A study on "A conserved H3K14ub-driven H3K9me3 for chromatin compartmentalization" was published by researchers from East China Normal University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, contributing to the understanding of chromatin biology [21]. - Tsinghua University’s Fang Lu published a paper on "Integrated lithium niobate photonics for sub-ångström snapshot spectroscopy," advancing photonic technologies [22]. - Chen Chi-Fang from UC Berkeley introduced "Efficient quantum thermal simulation," focusing on quantum computing applications [24].

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 脑卒中 （ Stroke ） ，俗称" 中风"，是全球第二大死因，也是导致长期残疾的主要因素之一，其发病率的 上升与人口老龄化密切相关。中风后严重后遗症是加重这一公共卫生负担的关键因素，后遗症包括运动并 发症和认知障碍、情绪紊乱等非运动并发症。临床证据表明，约 22% 的卒中患者在 3 个月内出现焦虑症 状，而超过三分之一的卒中患者在 5 年内出现严重抑郁。 卒中后情绪障碍 （ Post-Stroke Emotional Disorder，PSED ） 不仅严重影响患者的功能康复和生活质 量，还增加了卒中复发和死亡风险。然而，其病理生理学机制未被充分阐明，缺乏有效的早期诊断标志物 以及精准治疗靶点，导致临床治疗方法有限。 2025 年 10 月，上海交通大学医学院松江研究院 高郑润 、上海交通大学医学院 徐天乐 、 上海交通大学 医学院附属瑞金医院 吴逸雯 等人，在 Cell 子刊 Neuron 上发表了题为： Lcn2 from neutrophil extracellular traps induces astrogliosis and post-stroke em ...

▲点击图片扫描二维码报名 秋风送爽，丹桂飘香，科学的原野再度迎来丰收的序曲。我们谨以最诚挚的热情，邀您共赴上海张江，参加一场属 于生物药早期研发领域的科学盛宴 —— 第四届蛋白质科学及抗体发现研讨会 。 自 2021 年扬帆起航，四载春 秋，我们步履不停，足迹遍布上海、苏州、成都等创新热土，汇聚了数千名科学同仁，共同谱写了生物医药研发的 壮丽诗篇。 强强联袂，科学为舵，共启腾飞新程 秉持 " 聚焦 蛋白创新，加速行业 腾飞 " 的永恒主题，我们始终以 " 专业性铸就根基，学术性拓深维度 " 为灵 魂，致力于打造一个与国际前沿比肩的顶级交流平台。本届盛会将于 2025 年 11 月 21 日（星期五） ，在充满活 力的 上海张江举行。让我们暂别日常的喧嚣，回归学术的本真，于思维的碰撞中，探寻技术突破的星辰大海。 承科学之脉，启创新之局 秉承 " 严肃定位，严格准入，严谨科学（数据） " 的 三严原则 ， 我们 致力于为 科研人员 打造一个聚焦早期研 发、强调技术落地、重视数据交流的高质量平台。 本届大会在延续往届专业性与前瞻性的基础上，进一步聚焦早期研发与技术突破，设置主论坛和 自免和肿瘤药物 开发、复杂抗体与 ...

Core Insights - The study indicates that gut microbiota can predict the efficacy of consolidation immunotherapy and chemoradiotherapy toxicity in lung cancer patients [3][9] - The research highlights the dynamic changes in gut microbiota during treatment and its correlation with progression-free survival (PFS) and treatment-related lung toxicity [5][6] Group 1: Research Findings - The research team utilized 16S rRNA sequencing to track the dynamic changes in gut microbiota of stage III lung cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and consolidation immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) [5] - In traditional CRT, the composition of gut microbiota remained unaffected, whereas in CRT combined with ICI, patients with longer PFS exhibited higher baseline gut microbiota diversity, which decreased during treatment [6][9] - The abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk) increased post-chemoradiotherapy, correlating with extended distant metastasis-free survival in patients receiving CRT combined with ICI [6][10] Group 2: Clinical Implications - The study suggests that the overall clinical benefit of CRT combined with ICI is significantly greater compared to CRT alone for locally advanced lung cancer patients [9] - The dynamic changes in Akkermansia muciniphila serve as a potential prognostic indicator for patient survival outcomes [10] - Distinct gut microbiota characteristics were observed in patients who developed severe lung toxicity post-treatment, indicating a possible predictive marker for treatment-related pneumonia [6][10]

Core Insights - The article discusses the potential of anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy in treating progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS), highlighting its effectiveness and safety in clinical trials [4][11]. Group 1: Disease Overview - Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) is characterized by chronic inflammation in the central nervous system, leading to brain atrophy and demyelination [3]. - Current treatment options for PMS are limited and often ineffective, posing significant challenges for clinical management [3]. Group 2: Treatment Mechanism - B cells are identified as key drivers of disease progression through various mechanisms, including the production of autoantibodies and inflammatory cytokines [3]. - Existing B cell depletion therapies, such as CD20-targeted monoclonal antibodies, have shown efficacy in treating relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis but are limited in their ability to target plasma cells in the central nervous system due to the blood-brain barrier [3]. Group 3: Clinical Trial Findings - A phase 1 clinical trial involving 5 PMS patients (1 primary, 4 secondary) demonstrated that anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy is safe and effective [4]. - The therapy resulted in a significant reduction of plasma cells in the central nervous system and showed sustained expansion of CAR-T cells in cerebrospinal fluid, indicating a unique response in the CNS environment [6][9]. - Patients exhibited notable functional improvements over a follow-up period of up to 9 months, which was not observed in cases treated with anti-CD19 CAR-T cells [6][11]. Group 4: Safety Profile - The therapy was associated with only grade 1 cytokine release syndrome, and all grade 3 or higher cytopenias occurred within 40 days post-infusion [7]. Group 5: Future Implications - The study provides insights into the potential application of anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy in clinical management of PMS and suggests further research to evaluate long-term clinical efficacy and durability of treatment [11].

编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 真核生物基因组被区分为 常染色质 和 异染色质 ，这具有重要的生物学意义。之前的研究表明，SUV39H 读取和写入 组蛋白 H3 第 9 位赖氨酸 （H3K9） 的甲 基化 （形成自我模板化通路） 是细胞分裂期间异染色质重组的核心机制。 在裂殖酵母中，哺乳动物 SUV39H 的同源蛋白 Clr4 形成一个包含泛素连接酶 Cul4 的复合物，该复合物催化 H3K14 单泛素化 （H3K14ub） ，从而促进异染色 质的形成。然而，异染色质在分裂的哺乳动物细胞中的重新组装是否涉及类似的途径尚不清楚。 2025 年 10 月 15 日， 华东师范大学 翁杰敏 教授团队和中国科学院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所 陈德桂 研究员团队合作， 在国际顶尖学术期刊 Nature 上发 表了题为： A conserved H3K14ub-driven H3K9me3 for chromatin compartmentalization 的研究论文。 在这项最新研究中，研究团队确定了 G2E3 是一种特异性识别 H3K14ub 的 E3 泛素连接酶，定位于 近着丝粒 异染色质区域。 G2E3 催化产生的 ...

编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 干细胞 来源 的 类胚胎模型 为 探索 哺乳动物早期胚胎发育提供了 强有力的体外研究平台 。 目前， 通过 多能干细胞等早期干细胞的自组装或共组装， 研究者已能 在体外 建立类似 囊胚、原肠胚甚至器官发生期 的类胚胎结构。 然而， 现有 模型 多 聚焦于特定发育阶段 的模拟 。 如何 构建在体外 连续重现 小鼠胚胎 从 着床前至着床后 完整 发育 轨迹 的类胚胎模型，仍然是类胚胎研究亟待 突破 的 关键 问题 之一 。 然而，小鼠 T PS 细胞 存在 增殖缓慢 、 需持续传代才能进入稳定全能状态 等问题 。 因此， 如果能够建 立快速诱导具备强增殖能力 的类全能干 细胞，将为构建 覆盖 自 合子基因组激活 （ Zy gotic genome activation ） 至 着床后发育 全过程 的类胚胎模型带来新的可能。 2 025 年 10 月 1 5 日，北京大学 徐君 、 邓宏魁 、 李程 和 关景洋 团队在 N ature C ell B iology 期刊 发表了题为： A c ontinuous t otipotent- l ike c ell- b ased e mbr ...

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 T 细胞耗竭 （ T cell exhaustion ） 是一种适应性且独特的细胞命运，主要在慢性感染和癌症中因持续的抗原刺激而出现。其特征在于效应功能的逐渐丧失以及 多种抑制性受体的持续表达。 T 细胞耗竭的进展是由通过 T 细胞受体 （TCR） 的持续抗原刺激驱动的，并受到共刺激和抑制分子的信号以及细胞因子、代谢物和神经因子等微环境因素的调 控。这些外在细胞因素通过关键的内在细胞调控因子重塑 T 细胞的转录组、表观基因组和代谢，使其进入耗竭状态。 2025 年 10 月 1 日，西湖大学医学院 董晨 院士团队 （ 孙勤利 为第一作者） 在 Nature 旗下综述期刊 Nature Reviews Immunology 上发表了题为： Regulators of CD8⁺ T cell exhaustion 的综述论文。 T 细胞耗竭 （ T cell exhaustion ） 是一种独特的 T 细胞功能障碍状态，通常在慢性抗原刺激期间出现，例如在持续感染、癌症或自身免疫疾病中。 与效应 T 细胞相比， 耗竭 T 细胞 （Tex） 表现出效应功能受损、增殖减少以及抑制 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a groundbreaking research on AI-designed insulin receptor agonists that offer improved efficacy and safety for diabetes treatment compared to traditional insulin therapies [3][10]. Group 1: Research Background - Insulin has been a cornerstone in diabetes treatment since its discovery, but it has limitations such as complex production, strict storage conditions, and potential cancer risks [2]. - The insulin receptor acts as a "lock" that insulin "unlocks," initiating two main signaling pathways: one for metabolic regulation (AKT pathway) and another for cell growth (MAPK pathway) [2]. Group 2: Research Findings - Researchers from Washington University and Texas Southwestern Medical Center developed AI-designed insulin receptor agonists that outperform traditional insulin in lowering blood sugar and can precisely regulate signaling pathways, avoiding cancer cell proliferation [3][5]. - The new insulin receptor agonists exhibit remarkable properties, including enhanced thermal stability, remaining stable at 95°C, and precise signal regulation through adjustable linkers [7]. Group 3: Experimental Results - In mouse models, the AI-designed agonist RF-409 demonstrated superior blood sugar-lowering effects, requiring only half the dosage of insulin for the same effect and maintaining low blood sugar levels for up to 6 hours [7][8]. - These agonists can activate mutated insulin receptors in insulin-resistant patients, providing new treatment hope for rare genetic diabetes [8]. Group 4: Implications and Future Directions - The specificity of these agonists allows them to activate normal and mutated insulin receptors while avoiding activation of cancer cell receptors, significantly reducing potential cancer risks associated with traditional insulin therapy [8][10]. - The research lays the groundwork for developing safer and more effective next-generation diabetes treatments, with the founding of Lila Biologics aimed at utilizing AI protein design for breakthrough therapies [10][11].

Core Viewpoint - The research indicates that oral administration of clinical safe doses of Vitamin C can significantly delay ovarian aging in primates, revealing its protective mechanism through the activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway [2][4][5]. Group 1: Research Background - Ovarian aging plays a critical role in women's reproductive health, impacting treatment strategies and quality of life [3]. - Previous studies by Liu Guanghui's team have established that Vitamin C can delay cellular aging and has been linked to a significant decline in antioxidant capacity during ovarian aging in primates [3]. Group 2: Key Findings - A 3.3-year intervention study on middle-aged crab-eating macaques demonstrated that oral Vitamin C can reduce key aging biomarkers, including oxidative stress and follicle depletion [4]. - The study constructed a primate ovarian single-cell transcriptome aging clock, showing that Vitamin C can make oocyte biological age younger by an average of 1.35 years and somatic cell biological age younger by 5.66 years, particularly in granulosa, endothelial, and stromal cells [4]. - Vitamin C effectively reverses aging and inflammation-related phenotypes in endothelial cells, making their biological age nearly 7 years younger [4]. Group 3: Mechanism of Action - The effect of Vitamin C in delaying ovarian aging is partially mediated through the NRF2 pathway, which plays multiple protective roles in human ovarian cells, including delaying aging, inhibiting inflammation, maintaining chromatin stability, and enhancing mitochondrial function [5]. Group 4: Implications - This research validates the concept of using a single compound to delay ovarian aging in primate models and highlights the potential of Vitamin C in developing interventions for human ovarian aging [8].