新华财经日内瓦1月9日电（记者王其冰）制药业是瑞士第一大出口产业，药品出口占全国出口总额的40%，其中60%以上出口至美国。2024年，瑞士对美国 的药品出口约为350亿美元，美国总统特朗普认为这是在"占美国便宜"，一度威胁要对瑞士药品征收100%关税。在美国胁迫下，欧洲"药谷"不得不调整其产 业发展布局。 瑞士"风光行业" 苏黎世联邦理工学院瑞士经济研究所的统计数据显示，2025年制药业在瑞士GDP的占比超过7%，药品出口占瑞士出口总额的40%左右。 这是2024年1月20日在瑞士伯尔尼拍摄的城市风光（无人机照片）。新华社记者孟鼎博摄 美国是瑞士药品的最大市场，以瑞士最大两家药企为例，近两年，罗氏制药全球收入的约50%来自美国，诺华公司的这一比例约为40%。 制药业是瑞士的科技创新引擎。截至2025年，瑞士已连续15年在世界知识产权组织发布的全球创新排行榜上占据首位，而制药业在瑞士全国研发支出中占比 最高。根据瑞士联邦政府统计数据，2021年瑞士研发活动总投资为168亿瑞郎，其中制药业投资达62亿瑞郎，占比约37%。 瑞士制药业还是本土高附加值就业的保证。2025年瑞士总人口约900万，其中制药行业从业人员 ...

【文/观察者网 陈思佳】美军袭击委内瑞拉并掳走委总统马杜罗后，美国总统特朗普仍不满足，又开始 向其他国家发出威胁。据路透社1月5日报道，特朗普4日警告印度，称如果印度政府没有按照美国的要 求减少俄罗斯石油进口，美国可能进一步提高对印度的关税。 特朗普在空军一号上接受媒体采访时称："（印度总理）莫迪是个好人。他知道我不开心，让我开心很 重要。"当被问及印度与俄罗斯之间的石油贸易时，特朗普威胁说："他们确实有贸易，但我们可以很快 提高对他们的关税。" 随行的美国共和党参议员、特朗普的亲密盟友林赛·格雷厄姆声称："如果你购买廉价俄罗斯石油，你就 是在帮助俄罗斯的军事行动。我们正试图通过关税，让总统有能力迫使对方作出一个艰难抉择。"他正 支持一项立法，威胁对购买俄罗斯能源的国家征收500%关税。 《印度教徒报》称，印度政府的统计数据显示，印度石油进口商在2025年6月至10月减少了俄罗斯石油 进口。但在2025年11月，印度从俄罗斯进口了770万吨石油，同比增长近7%，达到2025年5月以来的最 高水平，占到当月印度石油进口总量的35.1%。 不过，为平衡与美国的贸易关系，印度也在提高美国石油的进口量。数据显示，20 ...

马克龙还是不答应。特朗普于是威胁道："如果你不这样做，我就要对法国卖到美国的一切东西征收 25%的关税。" 据悉，特朗普在佛罗里达州海湖庄园描述当时情形时称："我说：'埃马纽埃尔，你们必须提高药 价。'他回答：'不、不、不，我们不会这样做。'" 按照特朗普的说法，马克龙随后回答"我明白了"，接受了他的要求。 "你必须这样做。"特朗普坚持道，马克龙则继续拒绝。 "埃马纽埃尔，你会这样做的，百分之百会。请现在就答应。"特朗普仍不罢休。 据央视新闻消息，美国总统特朗普22日称，他在与法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙就药品价格的一次交锋 中利用"关税大棒"迫使对方屈服。 相关消息称，特朗普先前屡次要求欧洲国家提高当地药价，他认为欧洲国家"药价低"，制药商为了确保 能获得较高利润，得在美国市场上提高药价。 ...

美国总统特朗普22日称，他在与法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙就药品价格的一次交锋中利用"关税大 棒"迫使对方屈服。 据悉，特朗普在佛罗里达州海湖庄园描述当时情形时称："我说：'埃马纽埃尔，你们必须提高药 价。'他回答：'不、不、不，我们不会这样做。'" "埃马纽埃尔，你会这样做的，百分之百会。请现在就答应。"特朗普仍不罢休。 马克龙还是不答应。特朗普于是威胁道："如果你不这样做，我就要对法国卖到美国的一切东西征收 25%的关税。" 按照特朗普的说法，马克龙随后回答"我明白了"，接受了他的要求。 相关消息称，特朗普先前屡次要求欧洲国家提高当地药价，他认为欧洲国家"药价低"，制药商为了确保 能获得较高利润，得在美国市场上提高药价。 "你必须这样做。"特朗普坚持道，马克龙则继续拒绝。 ...

Group 1 - Macron's visit to China initially showcased cooperation in nuclear energy and renewable sectors, but his tone shifted to a hardline stance upon returning to France, criticizing the trade deficit and threatening tariffs [1] - France's trade deficit with China reached $10.6 billion in the first ten months of 2025, surpassing the total for 2024, highlighting the imbalance in trade where China exports high-value products while France mainly exports traditional goods [1][2] - A report from CEPII indicates that Chinese manufacturing is surpassing Europe in high-end sectors, placing European industry on the brink of crisis [1] Group 2 - Macron's political pressure stems from domestic manufacturing decline and high unemployment, leading him to adopt a tough stance on China to appease voters and assert influence within the EU [2] - The notion of "trade imbalance" is contested, with data showing that nearly 40% of exports from European companies in China return to Europe, indicating that the profits are primarily retained by European firms [2] - The EU's trade policy requires consensus among its 27 member states, and Germany, with a trade volume with China exceeding $200 billion, may oppose Macron's tariff threats, complicating the situation [4][5] Group 3 - Previous attempts by the EU to impose tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles demonstrated that tariffs do not resolve structural issues, as China's complete industrial chain and technological strength are not easily undermined by trade protection measures [7] - Macron's linkage of European technology export restrictions to China's rare earth exports is viewed as flawed logic, as these resources are essential for Europe's industrial upgrades [7]

拿到好处刚回国，马克龙便开始有话说？ 马克龙此次访华行程从12月3日持续至5日，先后访问了北京和成都两地。在成都大熊猫基地，他看着大 熊猫"圆梦"啃竹笋的画面在社交媒体上热传，半小时后就冲上了中法两国社交网络热搜之外。 这经贸合作方面取得的成果也相当可观。中国商飞与空客签署了价值160亿欧元的采购协议，中国还同 意支持空客在天津建设第二条总装线，并将法国电动车进口配额从每年5万辆提高到12万辆。 刚笑脸就冷脸，马克龙去四川游一圈，"变脸"学到了精髓！ 然而12月7日，返回法国的马克龙在接受《回声报》采访时的表态却与访华期间的热情洋溢判若两人。 他声称："如果他们不做出反应，解决欧盟与中国之间的贸易逆差问题，我们欧洲人将不得不采取严厉 措施，像美国那样停止合作，例如对中国商品加征关税。" 这实际已不是马克龙首次上演"变脸"戏码。2023年4月马克龙访华时，也曾受到中方高规格礼遇，签下 空客扩产、核能合作等重磅大单，但回国后却在欧盟层面牵头推动对中国电动车加征最高35.3%的惩罚 性关税。 只得说，对于欧洲，纵然马克龙高呼"向东看"，但法国也离不开欧洲。 而欧盟对华贸易逆差会创下新高，甚至超过美国，首先从数据看， ...

Core Viewpoint - The ongoing U.S.-China trade negotiations are marked by a mix of cooperation and tension, with U.S. Treasury Secretary's threats of tariffs on China highlighting the complexities of the relationship [3][4][18]. Group 1: Trade Negotiations Progress - Recent discussions in Kuala Lumpur have led to significant agreements, including the cancellation of a 10% tariff on Chinese goods and a one-year suspension of certain investigations into China's maritime and logistics sectors [4][5]. - U.S. Secretary of the Treasury expressed confidence that a trade agreement could be finalized soon, with China expected to purchase 25 million tons of U.S. soybeans by the end of the year [4][5]. - Despite these advancements, U.S. Trade Representative's comments indicate that core issues in U.S.-China relations remain unresolved, suggesting a dual approach of negotiation and pressure [4][5][18]. Group 2: Tariff Strategy - The U.S. is continuing to leverage tariffs as a tool against China, with Secretary of the Treasury indicating a desire to rally allies to impose similar tariffs [5][10]. - The U.S. has implemented various tariffs on imports, including a 25% tariff on steel and aluminum, and a 25% tariff on certain automotive products [11][12][13][16]. - This pattern of tariff imposition reflects a broader strategy of unilateralism and pressure to gain leverage in trade negotiations [16]. Group 3: Rare Earth Elements - The focus on China's rare earth export controls is significant, as these materials are crucial for advanced industries, including defense and technology [7][8]. - The U.S. is attempting to reduce its reliance on Chinese rare earths while simultaneously seeking to establish alliances for mining and refining these critical materials [10][9]. - The complexity of developing a domestic supply chain for rare earths is acknowledged, with estimates suggesting it could take 5 to 10 years to achieve significant production capabilities [10]. Group 4: Future of U.S.-China Relations - The ongoing trade tensions are characterized by a "talk and hit" strategy, where the U.S. seeks to maintain pressure while negotiating [16][19]. - The outcome of U.S.-China relations will depend on both parties' commitment to principles of equality, respect, and mutual benefit [19][20].

Core Points - The recent US-China trade negotiations in Malaysia resulted in a preliminary framework agreement, with China agreeing to delay restrictions on rare earth exports by one year and committing to purchase a certain amount of US soybeans, while the US promised not to impose a 100% tariff on China [1][3][5] Group 1: Negotiation Outcomes - The US Treasury Secretary, Behnam, announced a "very successful negotiation framework," indicating a perceived victory for the US, while China's representative emphasized the firm stance of China in protecting its interests [1][3] - The agreement includes a one-year postponement of China's rare earth export restrictions, which is seen as a strategic move to provide both sides with a buffer period, avoiding immediate escalation of tensions [1][3][7] - The US's abandonment of the 100% tariff threat reflects its deep reliance on China's rare earth materials, as China controls over 85% of global rare earth processing capacity [3][5] Group 2: Strategic Implications - The postponement of rare earth restrictions is not a relinquishment of rights by China but rather a strategic maneuver that maintains leverage over the US, allowing for adjustments in response to any US violations of the agreement [7] - The negotiations highlight a shift in the US's approach, moving from a high-pressure stance to one of "equality and respect," indicating recognition of China's countermeasures [5] - Despite the framework agreement, structural contradictions between the two countries suggest that the trade conflict is far from over, with ongoing issues such as TikTok ownership remaining contentious [7]

Core Viewpoint - The foreign exchange market currently shows indifference to the new round of tariff threats from the United States, which may indicate a desensitization to tariff measures or that the impacts have been fully priced in [1] Group 1: Tariff Impact - Tariffs are continuing to push up inflation expectations in the U.S., making it difficult for the market to further price in the Federal Reserve's rate cut potential [1] - Other countries' rate cut expectations have stabilized, contrasting with the U.S. situation [1] Group 2: Trade Data - Current trade data shows only a slight impact from tariffs, but this does not imply that tariffs have no effect; the impact may simply take longer to manifest [1]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that Trump's decision to impose an additional 100% tariff on all Chinese goods reflects emotional responses and indicates a lack of effective strategies in the U.S.-China trade conflict [1] - The U.S. has limited options to counter China's recent export controls on rare earths, which complicates U.S. efforts to rebuild its rare earth supply chain [1][3] - The U.S. has historically engaged in trade bullying without facing significant pushback, but China's strong countermeasures have disrupted the U.S.'s previous advantages [3] Group 2 - The U.S. continues to rely on traditional methods to exert pressure on China, particularly in high-tech industries and geopolitical issues like Taiwan, despite the ineffectiveness of these strategies [4] - Recent actions, such as Poland halting the operation of the China-Europe Railway, suggest U.S. influence in attempts to disrupt China's trade routes [4] - The U.S. lacks confidence in its ability to militarily confront China in the Pacific, and its trade tactics have lost their effectiveness [5] Group 3 - As military options become less viable, the U.S. may need to reassess its approach to China and consider a more rational policy focused on peaceful coexistence [7]