自2023年春季以来，中国房地产市场悄然掀起一股调整浪潮。根据六月份的百城房价数据，惊人的91座城市房价呈现下跌态势，这无疑是一个历史性的时 刻。深入剖析，跌幅最显著的是三四线城市，下滑了0.3%；紧随其后的是二线城市，下跌0.27%；而一线城市也未能幸免，录得0.13%的跌幅。值得注意的 是，这轮调整并非局限于二三四线城市，即便是北京、上海、广州、深圳等一线城市，房价亦显现出明显的调整迹象。 尽管房价持续走低，但整体而言，购房成本依然不菲。数据显示，2023年6月，全国100个重点城市二手住宅平均价格高达15553元/平方米，新建住宅的平均 价格更是达到了16179元/平方米。这意味着，购置一套普通商品房，动辄需要花费150万元以上。面对如此居高不下的房价，许多购房者不禁发出疑问：如 今价值150万的房屋，五年后究竟会升值还是贬值？ 其次，改善型购房需求趋于理性。过往，一些人盲目跟风购房，不顾自身经济承受能力。经历过三年多的疫情，许多原本有改善性购房需求的群体，因收入 减少或失业，对未来收入增长预期下降。如今，他们在购房决策上变得更加审慎，会根据实际情况来考量。更重要的是，改善型购房者具有"买涨不买跌"的 ...

2025.12. 11 本文字数：1105，阅读时长大约2分钟 作者 | 第一财经 陈益刊 近期，内蒙古自治区人民政府发布《关于明确房产原值减除比例的通知》，明确自2026年1月1日至 2030年12月31日，从价计征的房产税，依照房产原值一次减除30%后的余值计算缴纳。 一些人士据此认为，内蒙古将从明年开始征收房产税。而这是误解。 早在1986年，国务院发布了《中华人民共和国房产税暂行条例》，自当年10月1日起在全国开征房 产税。因此房产税并非新税种，包括内蒙古在内的各省份早在1986年就已经开征。且国务院规定对 个人住房（即非营业用的房产）免征房产税，因此除了个别城市外，房产税政策调整跟普通老百姓税 负无关。 然而上述消息引起民众误解，一个可能的原因是，老百姓混淆了已经开征的"房产税"和计划出台 的"房地产税"，而两者不是一个税种。 相比于已经开征了近40年的房产税，房地产税还是一个正在立法中的新税种，且短期内预计不会出 台。 第 一 财 经 持 续 追 踪 财 经 热 点 。 若 您 掌 握 公 司 动 态 、 行 业 趋 势 、 金 融 事 件 等 有 价 值 的 线 索 ， 欢 迎 提 供 。 专 ...

一些人士据此认为，内蒙古将从明年开始征收房产税。而这是误解。 早在1986年，国务院发布了《中华人民共和国房产税暂行条例》，自当年10月1日起在全国开征房产 税。因此房产税并非新税种，包括内蒙古在内的各省份早在1986年就已经开征。且国务院规定对个人住 房（即非营业用的房产）免征房产税，因此除了个别城市外，房产税政策调整跟普通老百姓税负无关。 2018年全国人大发布的《十三届全国人大常委会立法规划》中，将房产税法列为立法第一类项目，即属 于条件比较成熟、任期内拟提请审议的法律草案。但该法草案最终并未在任期内审议。2023年全国人大 发布的《十四届全国人大常委会立法规划》中，不再提房地产税立法。2025年国务院立法工作计划和全 国人大常委会立法工作计划均未提及房地产税法。 房产税早在1986年开征，并非立法中的房地产税 中国政法大学财税法研究中心主任施正文曾告诉第一财经，房地产税立法由于涉及居民财富、房价和房 地产市场，因此立法需要特别慎重。在当前房地产市场低迷和经济恢复尚不牢固等现状下，十四届人大 常委会立法规划不将房地产税立法纳入一二类项目，是稳妥的，这意味着房地产税立法暂缓。 近期，内蒙古自治区人民政府发 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - The rating for stock index futures is "oscillation" [4] 2. Core Views of the Report - This week, global stock markets rose initially and then fell, with significant fluctuations. Overseas, the potential end of the US government shutdown and unannounced economic data have created uncertainty. Domestically, the A - share market saw a recovery in pharmaceutical and consumer stocks and an adjustment in technology stocks, but current fundamental pressures are increasing. The market is expected to experience intensified high - level oscillations and a higher probability of a downward trend. Attention should be paid to Sino - Japanese relations, the possibility of real - estate tax implementation, and the impact on export - chain enterprises due to Tesla's requirements [2][10] 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 One - Week View and Macro Key Event Overview 3.1.1 Next - Week View - The market's high - level oscillations will intensify, and the probability of a downward trend is increasing. Three factors need attention: Sino - Japanese relations, the possibility of real - estate tax implementation, and the impact on export - chain enterprises from Tesla's requirements [2][10] 3.1.2 This Week's Key Event Focus - On November 10th, central enterprises completed over 3 trillion yuan in fixed - asset investment in the first three quarters, with about 40% in emerging industries. The State Council issued 13 measures to promote private investment [11][12] - On November 11th, 500 billion yuan of new policy - based financial instrument funds were fully disbursed. The central bank released the Q3 monetary policy report, emphasizing a moderately loose monetary policy [13][15] - On November 12th, overseas investors' holdings of A - shares exceeded 3.5 trillion yuan [16] - On November 13th, in October, M2 increased by 8.2% year - on - year, and M1 increased by 6.2% year - on - year [17] - On November 14th, China's economic indicators in October declined. The State Council meeting studied the in - depth implementation of "two major" construction work [18][20] 3.2 One - Week Market Quotes Overview 3.2.1 Global Stock Market Weekly Overview - From November 10th to 14th, global stock markets denominated in US dollars rose. The MSCI Global Index increased by 0.41%, with frontier markets (+1.20%) > developed markets (+0.43%) > emerging markets (+0.29%). The South African stock market led the world with a 5.2% increase, while the Taiwan, China stock market had the worst performance, falling 1.88% [21] 3.2.2 Chinese Stock Market Weekly Overview - During the same period, Chinese equity assets showed mixed performance, with Hong Kong stocks > A - shares > Chinese concept stocks. The average daily trading volume of the Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Beijing stock markets was 2044 billion yuan, a decrease of 31.4 billion yuan from last week. Among A - share broad - based indices, the micro - cap stock index had the best performance, rising 3.10%, while the Sci - tech Innovation 50 Index had a decline of 3.85% [24] 3.2.3 Weekly Overview of GICS Primary Industries in Chinese and Foreign Stock Markets - This week, global GICS primary industries showed mixed performance. The healthcare sector led with a 3.94% increase, while the consumer discretionary sector performed poorly, falling 1.19%. In the Chinese market, healthcare led with a 3.27% increase, and information technology lagged with a 4.27% decline [27] 3.2.4 Weekly Overview of China A - Share CITIC Primary Industries - Among A - share CITIC primary industries this week, 20 rose (17 last week) and 10 fell (13 last week). The consumer services sector led with a 4.81% increase, and the communication sector led the decline with a 4.90% decrease [28] 3.2.5 Weekly Overview of China A - Share Styles: Large - Cap Value Prevailed - This week, value stocks outperformed growth stocks, and the market - capitalization style favored large - cap stocks [33] 3.2.6 Futures Basis Overview - Information presented through relevant charts, but no specific data summarized in text [36] 3.3 Index Valuation and Earnings Forecast Overview 3.3.1 Broad - Based Index Valuation - Provided PE and PB data for various broad - based indices this week, including their eight - year percentiles, values at the beginning of the year, and changes during the year [44] 3.3.2 Primary Industry Valuation - Provided PE and PB data for various primary industries this week, including their eight - year percentiles, values at the beginning of the year, and changes during the year [45] 3.3.3 Broad - Based Index Equity Risk Premium - The ERP of the CSI 300, CSI 500, and CSI 1000 increased slightly this week [46][51] 3.3.4 Broad - Based Index Consensus Earnings Growth Forecast - The expected earnings growth rate of the CSI 300 in 2025 was adjusted down to 8.73% and up to 9.23% in 2026; the CSI 500's 2025 rate was adjusted down to 27.88% and 2026 down to 20.68%; the CSI 1000's 2025 rate was adjusted down to 28.62% and 2026 up to 25.56% [52] 3.4 Liquidity and Fund Flow Tracking 3.4.1 Interest Rates and Exchange Rates - This week, the 10 - year yield declined, the 1 - year yield increased, and the spread narrowed. The US dollar index was 99.3, and the offshore RMB exchange rate was 7.10 [60] 3.4.2 Trading - Type Fund Tracking - This week, the average daily northbound trading volume decreased by 17.8 billion yuan compared to last week, and the margin trading balance increased by 12.6 billion yuan [64] 3.4.3 Tracking of Funds Flowing in through ETFs - There were 29 on - exchange ETFs tracking the CSI 300, 29 tracking the CSI 500, 15 tracking the CSI 1000, and 39 tracking the CSI A500. This week, the share of ETFs tracking the CSI 300 decreased by 300 million, the share of those tracking the CSI 500 increased by 120 million, the share of those tracking the CSI 1000 increased by 40 million, and the share of those tracking the CSI A500 decreased by 2.9 billion [67][72] 3.5 Tracking of Domestic Macro High - Frequency Data 3.5.1 Supply - Side: Crude Steel Production Contracted - Information presented through relevant charts, such as the national blast - furnace operating rate and domestic crude steel daily output [74] 3.5.2 Consumption - Side: Real - Estate Transactions Remained Sluggish - Information presented through relevant charts, including the transaction area of first - hand and second - hand houses in major cities, and land transaction area [82] 3.5.3 Inflation Observation: Producer Goods Prices Stabilized, and Agricultural Product Prices Rebounded - Producer goods prices gradually stabilized, and agricultural product prices continued to recover [92]

Core Viewpoint - The real estate market in China is experiencing a significant decline in both transaction volume and prices, indicating a potential long-term downward trend in property values [1][3][11]. Group 1: Market Trends - As of April 2023, 44 cities reported a month-on-month decline in new home prices, while 76 cities saw a drop in second-hand home prices, reflecting a worsening trend compared to the previous month [1]. - New home sales plummeted by 48.9% month-on-month in March 2023, indicating a severe contraction in the market [3]. - The average price of new homes in 100 cities was 16,181 yuan per square meter, and second-hand homes averaged 15,826 yuan per square meter, suggesting that purchasing a typical property still requires over 1.5 to 2 million yuan [4]. Group 2: Future Outlook - Industry experts believe that the real estate market bubble will gradually be deflated, leading to a return of property prices to levels that align with local residents' income [6][11]. - The demand for housing is expected to decrease due to an aging population and changing social dynamics, such as lower marriage rates and reduced birth rates, which will diminish the need for new housing [9]. - The imminent implementation of a real estate tax is anticipated to increase the holding costs for families with multiple properties, further impacting market dynamics [9]. - The demand for improved housing is becoming more rational as individuals reassess their financial situations post-pandemic, leading to a decline in speculative buying [10]. - The introduction of affordable housing options is expected to divert demand away from the commercial housing market, contributing to a long-term decrease in property prices [10].

Market Overview - The real estate market is experiencing significant polarization, with first-tier cities showing signs of recovery while third and fourth-tier cities continue to struggle with declining property values [3] - In 2025, urbanization rate in China surpassed 68%, but there is a notable population outflow from northeastern and northwestern regions, indicating a shift in demographic trends [3] Policy Adjustments - New policies introduced in November 2024 include raising the tax exemption area for property transactions from 90 square meters to 140 square meters, aimed at stimulating market activity [5] - The shift from a restrictive policy framework to a more collaborative approach between supply and demand is evident, with measures such as the unification of tax exemption periods for second-hand homes [5] Capital Movements - Real estate companies are adjusting their strategies, with firms like Wanda and Sunac focusing on reducing debt and shifting towards asset-light operations [7] - Foreign investment in commercial real estate in first-tier cities is on the rise, with a reported 15% increase in 2025, particularly in core business districts [7] Consumer Trends - The concept of "good housing" has emerged as a key policy focus in 2025, influencing consumer preferences towards properties with better amenities rather than just larger spaces [9] - A survey indicates that 65% of post-90s homebuyers are willing to pay a premium for enhanced community facilities, reflecting a shift in housing demand [9] Taxation Implications - The anticipated introduction of property tax legislation is reshaping market dynamics, with debates on its potential impact on speculation and housing prices [11] - The uncertainty surrounding property tax implementation raises questions about the behavior of multi-property owners and its effects on the rental market [12]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the critical state of China's real estate market and the implications for the macro economy, emphasizing the need for a shift in policy and perception regarding housing prices and land finance [2][4]. Group 1: Land Finance and Policy - Land finance is defined as the fiscal mechanism of local governments that possess land transfer and planning rights [4]. - To stabilize the real estate market, it is essential to abandon quantity targets and halt the influx of new land supply, focusing instead on redeeming excess properties [4]. - The current approach of relying on land sales for financing contradicts the central government's strategy of transitioning from incremental expansion to qualitative improvement [4]. Group 2: Impact of Housing Prices - The decline in housing prices primarily affects ordinary citizens rather than the wealthy, as housing constitutes a significant portion of household assets in China [4]. - The homeownership rates are notably high, with urban residents at 96.3% and rural residents at 94.8%, indicating that housing is a critical asset for the majority [4]. - The article argues that rising housing prices can help reduce wealth inequality, contrary to the belief that falling prices benefit the majority [4]. Group 3: Market Structure and Transformation - A dual-track system is proposed, distinguishing between market-driven housing and affordable housing, to ensure both price stability and housing accessibility [5]. - The article suggests that the best source of affordable housing is not new construction but rather the repurchase of excess market housing [5]. - The handling of unfinished projects should focus on rescuing banks rather than merely saving companies [5]. Group 4: Current Market Conditions - The real estate sector is currently in a downturn, with significant declines in new housing sales and investment [7][9]. - From January to August 2023, new housing sales dropped by 4.7% in area and 7.3% in value, while real estate development investment fell by 12.9% [7][9]. - The inventory of unsold properties has increased, with a notable rise in the waiting period for inventory clearance [10][13]. Group 5: Economic Contribution and Future Outlook - The real estate sector contributes approximately 20% to GDP and 40% to fiscal revenue, highlighting its importance to the economy [19][22]. - Despite its significance, the probability of housing prices continuing to rise is deemed low due to oversupply and demographic challenges [23][24]. - The article emphasizes that the real estate market must return to a supply-demand balance, as excessive price increases lead to unsustainable debt levels for developers [28][31].

Core Viewpoint - Despite favorable policies and reduced mortgage rates, the Chinese real estate market continues to experience a downward trend in prices, raising concerns about oversupply and the long-term viability of property investments [1][2][3] Policy Environment - In May 2025, the central bank announced a 0.5% reduction in the reserve requirement ratio and a 0.1% decrease in loan rates, injecting approximately 1 trillion yuan into the market [2] - The housing provident fund loan rate has dropped to a historical low of 2.6%, down from 3.1% in 2023, significantly reducing monthly payments for homebuyers [2] - The down payment for second homes has been lowered from 25% to 15%, aligning it with first-home purchases, which could save buyers substantial amounts [2] Market Response - Despite policy incentives, only 24 out of 70 major cities saw new home prices increase in January 2025, indicating persistent downward pressure on the market [3] - Over the past three years, cities like Zhengzhou and Tianjin have seen home prices drop by as much as 30%, with some areas around Beijing experiencing declines exceeding 50% [5] Demographic Changes - The birth rate in China fell to 9.02 million in 2024, while the elderly population reached 290 million by the end of 2023, indicating a shrinking demand for new homes [7][14] - Young people's preferences are shifting towards experiences rather than homeownership, leading to a more active rental market in major cities [7][14] Investment Trends - The golden era of real estate investment is over, with average home prices rising from 2,000 yuan/sqm in 2000 to 11,000 yuan/sqm in 2021, a 5.5-fold increase [8] - The current market is transitioning from speculation to a focus on housing as a necessity, with government policies aimed at stabilizing the market rather than inflating prices [8][13] Financial Environment - Real estate investment accounted for less than 20% of fixed asset investment in the first half of 2025, marking a historical low [10] - Local governments are increasingly reliant on non-land revenue sources, with land sale income dropping from 870 billion yuan in 2021 to 320 billion yuan in 2024, reducing the incentive to inflate land prices [11] Corporate Challenges - Major real estate companies like Evergrande and Sunac are facing severe financial difficulties, with sales for even top firms like Vanke dropping over 40% from peak levels [13][17] - The market is characterized by a "three no's" state: developers are hesitant to acquire land, banks are reluctant to lend, and buyers are cautious about purchasing [13] Future Outlook - The real estate market is expected to undergo a long-term adjustment, with a focus on deleveraging and returning to rational investment practices [21][22] - The shift in consumer behavior towards renting and the increasing costs associated with property ownership suggest a fundamental change in the market dynamics [9][14]

Core Insights - The Chinese real estate market is undergoing a significant transformation, with a shift from rapid price increases to deep adjustments, particularly affecting third and fourth-tier cities [1][4][6] - The average housing price in 300 cities is projected to be 16,425 yuan per square meter by mid-2025, reflecting a mere 1.2% year-on-year increase, the lowest in nearly a decade [1][4] - The housing price-to-income ratio remains high, with an average of 8.6 nationally and 14.8 in first-tier cities, indicating a heavy financial burden on ordinary citizens [3] Market Dynamics - Population decline is a critical factor affecting housing demand, with a projected birth rate drop to 7.8 million by 2025, leading to a forecasted housing vacancy rate of 22% by 2030 [4][6] - The disparity between cities is widening, with only 42 out of 337 cities classified as "growth-type," while 147 are "shrinkage-type," indicating that over 43% of cities may face downward price pressure in the next five years [4][6] Price Trends - First-tier and strong second-tier cities like Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Nanjing are expected to maintain some price stability, with Shanghai's new home price reaching 72,346 yuan per square meter in Q1 2025, a 1.3% increase [5][6] - Conversely, third and fourth-tier cities are projected to see a cumulative price drop of 20% by 2030 due to severe population outflow and declining sales [6][12] Policy Impact - Despite over 400 supportive policies introduced since 2022, including lower down payments and mortgage rates, the market response has been tepid, with a 18.7% year-on-year decline in new personal housing loans in Q1 2025 [7][9] - The anticipated expansion of property tax trials by 2026 may further suppress investment demand, with Morgan Stanley predicting a potential 30% reduction in investment purchases [12] Asset Allocation Changes - The proportion of real estate in Chinese households' total assets has decreased from 70% in 2017 to 62% in 2025, reflecting a shift towards diversified investments in stocks, funds, and insurance [8][9] - A significant 38% of young individuals (under 35) now express uncertainty about the necessity of homeownership, compared to just 12% in 2015 [8] Future Opportunities - Urban renewal is emerging as a key opportunity in the real estate sector, with a projected urbanization rate of 66.8% by 2025 and plans to renovate at least 80,000 old communities, impacting 180 million people [10][14] - The integration of technology in real estate, such as AI and digitalization, is expected to reshape the industry, with a 24% increase in digital investment in 2024 [13][14] Conclusion - The value of real estate investments will increasingly depend on location, with first-tier and strong second-tier cities likely to see modest appreciation, while weaker markets may face significant depreciation [15][16]

Core Insights - The Chinese real estate market is undergoing a significant transformation characterized by an unprecedented wave of property sales, with a 28.7% year-on-year increase in second-hand housing listings in 50 key cities by Q2 2025, marking a five-year high [2][3] Group 1: Market Dynamics - The decline in property sales area is indicative of a structural adjustment rather than a simple cyclical fluctuation, with a 12.3% year-on-year decrease in national commodity housing sales area in H1 2025 [3] - The adjustment is not limited to lower-tier cities but is a comprehensive, multi-layered phenomenon affecting all city tiers [3] Group 2: Policy Impact - The "housing is for living, not for speculation" policy and the introduction of real estate tax trials are setting a new tone for the market, influencing participant behavior [6][9] - The real estate tax, starting in March 2025 in 11 cities, has increased holding costs for property owners, further motivating them to sell [9] Group 3: Financial Constraints - The growth of real estate loans was only 3.2% year-on-year as of June 2025, the lowest since 2009, with a 15% increase in bank loan rates adding financial pressure on investors [7] - A survey indicated that 67% of multi-property owners are considering selling at least one non-primary residence to alleviate financial burdens [7] Group 4: Market Sentiment - A fundamental shift in market sentiment is occurring, with 35.2% of respondents now viewing housing primarily as a place to live rather than an investment, an increase of 11.7 percentage points from 2023 [10] - The average price of new residential properties in first-tier cities fell by 0.8% year-on-year in June 2025, with second-hand prices down by 2.3% [10] Group 5: Buyer Opportunities - Increased supply has enhanced buyers' bargaining power, with the average price difference between transaction and listing prices in Shanghai's second-hand market widening to 8.7% in Q2 2025 [12] - For first-time buyers, the price correction represents a favorable opportunity, with costs for a 100 square meter apartment in first-tier cities down by approximately 50-100 million yuan compared to 2023 highs [13] Group 6: Future Outlook - The real estate investment focus is shifting from capital appreciation to rental income and service value, indicating a more rational and diversified investment logic [15] - By 2030, urbanization in China is expected to reach around 70%, providing ongoing demographic support for the real estate market, although it will play a less dominant role in economic growth [15]