作者： 赵 伟 申万宏源证券首席经济学家 屠 强 资深高级宏观分析师 联系人： 屠强、耿佩璇 摘要 事件： 2025年3月，工企营收累计同比3.4%、前值2.8%；利润累计同比0.8%、前值-0.3%。3月末，产成 品存货同比4.2%、前值4.2%。 核心观点：利润回升主要源于营收改善，而成本压力等中期约束仍在。 3月利润增速回升主要源于营收改善，其他损益、费用等短期指标也有贡献；而成本压力等中期约束有所 增大。 3月，工业利润当月同比回升2.8pct至2.5%。拆分结构看，利润回升主要源于营收改善，实际营收 支撑利润同比上行6.2%。利润率的贡献主要体现在费用、其他损益（投资收益、营业税金及附加等杂项 支出）等短期指标回升，带动利润同比上行3.8%、0.3%。相比之下，成本对利润仍然构成较大约束，拖 累整体利润下行5.9%。 3月，营收增速回升较大的是煤炭冶金链与下游消费行业，主要受益于基建提速及以旧换新政策拉动。 分结构看，3月基建提速支撑冶金产业链实际营收改善幅度较大，当月同比较前月回升2.5pct至6.3%；以 旧换新政策带动国内商品消费积极改善，也对消费制造业营收有拉动，行业实际营收增速同比边际上行 ...

利润增速有所回升，但改善基础有待夯实。 3月利润增速录得2.6%，较上月上行约3个百分点，主因基数走低 推动，环比增速也低于近五年中位数，结合工企产销率续创历年同期新低，指向利润改善基础有待夯实。 分 企业类型来看 ，私营和股份制企业利润改善明显，国企和外商企业均有回落。 从两年平均增速来看 ，仅私营 报 告 正 文 3 月收入、利润增速双双回升。 2025 年 3 月，规上工企营业收入录得 4.2% ，较上月有所回升。工企利 润增速录得 2.6% ，较上月上行约 3 个百分点，主因基数走低推动，环比增速也低于近五年中位数，结 合工企产销率续创历年同期新低，指向利润改善基础有待夯实。从 工企利润 的构成 来看， 3 月工企的 营收增速有所回升，主因当月 生产大幅改善 。 同时 营收利润率 增速略有上升，共同带动 本月利润增速 上行 。本月成本费用较上月微升， 利润率增速上行或受到春节前置的一定扰动。 往后看 ， 随着外部冲 击影响逐渐显现，叠加去年同期基数走高 ， 利润或将再度承压 ， 静待稳增长政策进一步加码显效 。 此外，有三点值得关注。 一是企业经营压力仍较高 。工企产销率续创近十年来同期新低，而同时其 ...

Core Insights - In the first quarter of 2025, industrial enterprises in China experienced a turnaround in profits, with a 0.8% year-on-year increase compared to a 3.3% decline in the previous year, marking a significant recovery from the continuous profit decline since the third quarter of the previous year [1] - The revenue of industrial enterprises also improved, with a 3.4% year-on-year increase in the first quarter, accelerating by 0.6 percentage points compared to the first two months of the year [1] Group 1: Profit Growth and Industry Performance - Nearly 60% of industries saw profit growth in the first quarter, with 24 out of 41 major industrial categories reporting year-on-year profit increases, and 58.5% of industries either improving or narrowing their profit decline [2] - The manufacturing sector showed notable improvement, with a profit growth of 7.6% in the first quarter, accelerating by 2.8 percentage points [2] - The equipment manufacturing sector was a key driver of profit growth, with a 6.4% year-on-year increase in profits, accounting for 32.0% of total profits among large industrial enterprises [2] Group 2: High-Tech Manufacturing and Policy Impact - High-tech manufacturing led the way in high-quality development, with profits turning from a 5.8% decline in the first two months to a 3.5% increase in the first quarter, outpacing the overall industrial average by 2.7 percentage points [3] - The aerospace industry saw a profit increase of 23.9%, while sectors like smart consumer devices and medical equipment also reported significant profit growth [3] - The "Two New" policies had a pronounced effect on industry profits, with specialized and general equipment sectors seeing profit increases of 14.2% and 9.5%, respectively, significantly above the overall industrial average [4]

炒股就看金麒麟分析师研报，权威，专业，及时，全面，助您挖掘潜力主题机会！ 1—3月份，全国规模以上工业企业实现利润总额15093.6亿元，同比增长0.8%（按可比口径计算）。 1—3月份，规模以上工业企业中，国有控股企业实现利润总额5599.5亿元，同比下降1.4%；股份制企业 实现利润总额11101.5亿元，增长0.1%；外商及港澳台投资企业实现利润总额3883.5亿元，增长2.8%； 私营企业实现利润总额3709.7亿元，下降0.3%。 1—3月份，采矿业实现利润总额2204.4亿元，同比下降25.5%；制造业实现利润总额10826.4亿元，增长 7.6%；电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业实现利润总额2062.8亿元，增长5.4%。 1—3月份，主要行业利润情况如下：农副食品加工业利润同比增长40.3%，有色金属冶炼和压延加工业 增长33.6%，专用设备制造业增长14.2%，通用设备制造业增长9.5%，电气机械和器材制造业增长 7.5%，纺织业增长7.1%，电力、热力生产和供应业增长6.1%，计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业增 长3.2%，化学原料和化学制品制造业下降0.4%，石油和天然气开采业下降3.1 ...

1—3月份，全国规模以上工业企业实现利润总额15093.6亿元，同比增长0.8%（按可比口径计算，详见附注二）。 1—3月份，规模以上工业企业中，国有控股企业实现利润总额5599.5亿元，同比下降1.4%；股份制企业实现利润总额11101.5亿元，增长0.1%；外商及港澳 台投资企业实现利润总额3883.5亿元，增长2.8%；私营企业实现利润总额3709.7亿元，下降0.3%。 1—3月份，采矿业实现利润总额2204.4亿元，同比下降25.5%；制造业实现利润总额10826.4亿元，增长7.6%；电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业实现利润 总额2062.8亿元，增长5.4%。 1—3月份，主要行业利润情况如下：农副食品加工业利润同比增长40.3%，有色金属冶炼和压延加工业增长33.6%，专用设备制造业增长14.2%，通用设备制 造业增长9.5%，电气机械和器材制造业增长7.5%，纺织业增长7.1%，电力、热力生产和供应业增长6.1%，计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业增长3.2%， 化学原料和化学制品制造业下降0.4%，石油和天然气开采业下降3.1%，汽车制造业下降6.2%，非金属矿物制品业下降14.2%，煤炭开 ...

Core Viewpoint - The industrial enterprises' revenue and profit growth rates have both declined in the first two months of 2025, indicating a deterioration in profitability and operational pressure on companies [1][7][14]. Revenue and Profit Growth - In January-February 2025, the revenue of industrial enterprises grew by 2.8%, a decrease from the previous month [1][9]. - Profit growth recorded a decline of -0.3%, dropping over 10 percentage points compared to the previous month, with a two-year average growth rate also showing a downturn [1][7]. Production and Sales Performance - The production and sales rate of industrial enterprises reached a ten-year low for the same period, influenced by the early Spring Festival holiday [3][14]. - The asset-liability ratio of enterprises hit a ten-year high, indicating increased operational pressure [3][14]. Inventory Trends - The nominal inventory growth rate increased to 4.2%, while the actual inventory growth rate rose to 6.5%, reflecting a recovery in inventory levels [5][14]. - Certain midstream manufacturing and downstream consumer goods industries are still in the process of restocking, while industries like paper, chemicals, and synthetic fibers are actively reducing inventory [5][8]. Industry-Specific Insights - The consumer goods sector, particularly in automotive and home appliances, showed significant improvement, driven by government policies such as vehicle replacement subsidies [8][9]. - The mining industry experienced a substantial decline in profit growth, while the raw materials sector continued to recover, and consumer goods industries saw notable profit increases [7][8]. Cost and Profit Margin Analysis - The cost per 100 yuan of revenue for industrial enterprises was 85.11 yuan, with expenses at 8.56 yuan, showing a slight decrease from the previous month [9]. - The revenue profit margin for industrial enterprises fell to 4.53%, down 0.8 percentage points from the previous month, influenced by seasonal factors [9].

很多时候，我们都在是不断地给自己的交易系统在做加法，在失败中反思或总结出一个投资规律，就去执行，然后又是失败，就再总结，再往系统 里加。但实际上大道至简，往往规则太多，会让阻碍你的执行，因为很多信号或规则之间是相互矛盾的。 ——笔记哥《交易》 【笔记20241227— 每逢周五传降准（+工业企业利润数据偏弱+债基继续较大规模净申购+资金面均衡偏松=小下)】 今天看到：华尔街今年最火的交易不是AI和比特币，而是阿根廷。阿根廷MERV指数年初至今涨超175%，有望在2024年成为全球表现最好的股市。经汇 率差异调整后，以美元计仍上涨了100%以上。华尔街资金是在押注总统米莱能够彻底改变长期陷入困境的经济。不知我们的资金疯狂涌入A债是在押注 什么？大抵是愈发强大的主权信用吧。 -------------------------- 【今日盘面】 资金面均衡偏松，长债收益率小幅下行。 央行公开市场开展1078亿元7天期逆回购操作，今日有1016亿元逆回购到期。净投放62亿元。 资金面均衡偏松，跨年资金偏贵，DR007加权利率上行20BP至1.8%附近。 | | | | 银行间资金 | (2024. 12. 27) | ...