缘何对信用债行情有期待？ 债市震荡期，自然是寻求票息稳定，加之资金面演绎宽松，给增持票息类资产提供了相对舒适的环境，加之以下两点 微观逻辑有一定支撑：一是利率债低位震荡，信用债行情通常有跟随预期；二是机构持债行为的倾向性，特别是基金 和理财配置信用债的诉求稳定。遗憾的是，补涨未现，调整先行，这是经历过去"急涨"后，首次出现情绪上的波动。 信用债久期还面临什么问题？ 第一，过于平坦的收益率曲线，难以兼顾流动性和收益。信用债极致的期限利差收窄，一是要借助资产荒行情，比如 去年 5 月至 7 月，二是利差有压缩的空间，然而两个条件似乎目前都不太具备。不仅是利率低位还未突破，难构成资 产荒，而且拉长时间维度来看，期限利差难继续收窄。以 AA+城投债 5 年与 1 年期限利差为例，1 月上旬利率低位时， 该样本期限利差约在 23bp，目前的读数为 21bp，要进一步收窄则取决于是否诞生更强力的催化剂，打开短端空间， 而这也决定着中长久期信用债收益的底部。第二，绝对收益过低，不宜炒作信用债。4 月以来，不同等级关键期限城 投债和中票平均资本利得达到 0.35%，几乎是票息贡献的 3 倍。矛盾的是，一般信用债交易难度不小， ...

• 二季度信用债市场预计供需错配，供给端受季节性因素和政策收紧影响， 需求端受益于理财扩容和信用 ETF 发展，利差压降空间可期，信用债表现 或优于利率债。 • 资金面平稳或边际宽松预期下，建议适度拉长信用债久期至 3-5 年以获取 更高收益，同时关注杠杆操作空间，但需警惕 4 月以来关税扰动带来的市 场波动风险。 • 科创公司债虽名为"科创"，但多数发行主体不具备科创属性，主要服务 于成熟优质主体转型，投资价值需结合具体情况分析，国企占主导，民企 参与度较低。 • 科创债主要集中在传统行业，募集资金用途多为偿还旧债和补充流动性， 直接用于股权基金投资和项目建设的比例较低，但未来或将提升。 • 科创债与普通信用债定价差距不大，民企科创债存在 10-15BP 的溢价，新 券换手率较高，但近期流动性与整体信用债板块相当。 • 未来科创债发展方向包括优质主体放量支持中小企业，以及高收益特征的 小企业科技创新，银行参与或将压缩科创债估值，类似于绿贷市场。 • 地方债务管理核心是中央加杠杆与地方降杠杆并行，严格监管隐性债务， 城投债供给可能偏紧，重点关注政策套利空间和新发主体的业务模式。 摘要 Q&A 2025 年一季 ...

作者：招商银行研究院 零售客群部 私人银行部 | | 本期要点摘要 | | | --- | --- | --- | | 回顾 | 近１月 | 2025 年以来 | | 固收产品 | 中长期借鉴>范佳音等>高美级目小在审指音 | 昌等级同业存审指基 > 现金管理 > 短债塞金>中长 | | 收益回顾 | >现金管理>含权债基 | 期债基 > 含权债基 | | | 近一个月资金面转松,关税冲击国内名义经 | | | 债市回顾 | 济增长预期,信贷扩张趋稳,债市情绪明显 | 1月偏强震荡,2月-3月中旬债市大幅调整,3月 | | | 改善后转而关注政策对冲和关税进展,债券 | 中旬以来转为偏强震荡。 | | | 利率快速下行后转为窄幅震荡。 | | | 行业事件 | | 1、银行理财、保险资管首次获得网下 IPO"打新"入场券。短期有助于理财固收+产品"稳中求 | | 跟踪 | 进"策略更好实现,长期或推动理财权益投资占比进一步提升,有利于产品多样化。 | | | 展望 | 短期(1个月维度) | 中期(3-6个月维度) | | | | 债券市场中长期仍有机会。美国经济"滞胀"压力 | | | -同业存单:预计利率 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content Core Viewpoints - In a high - volatility bond market environment, balancing offense and defense is a challenge for investors. Although credit bonds lack effective coupon protection and have lower liquidity, coupon - type assets still have value for increased holdings. By decomposing the comprehensive return of credit bonds into holding return and capital gain and conducting stress tests on individual bonds, investors can adjust their allocation strategies [2][10]. - The increase in bond market volatility places higher requirements on investors' liability - side management and trading timing capabilities [3][15]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs I. Individual Bond Stress Test Tool - **Bond Market Volatility Background**: Since last September, the bond market has experienced multiple fluctuations. After the "924" new policy impulse, it entered a cycle of redemptions and sharp declines. In November, with the release of loose capital signals, it entered a pre - emptive trading phase. After the New Year, the bond market was affected by factors such as tight capital in January, strong equity performance and improved economic fundamentals in February, and volatile equity trends and tariff factors in March. As of last Friday, the proportion of outstanding credit bonds with yields below 2.2% rose to 71%, and those below 2.0% reached 38%, leading to high volatility in the bond market [9]. - **Analysis of Credit Bonds**: Credit bonds currently lack effective coupon protection and have lower liquidity than interest - rate bonds. The window period for market trends is short under high volatility. To balance liquidity and return enhancement, coupon - type assets are still worth increasing. Decomposing the comprehensive return of credit bonds into holding return and capital gain can help judge entry and exit points [2][10]. - **Stress Test of Urban Investment Bonds**: In April, the absolute yield of urban investment bonds dropped to a low level. Assuming purchase at the current coupon rate and holding for two weeks or three months, in the two - week holding scenario, low - coupon urban investment bonds' comprehensive return can hardly withstand capital gain losses. In the three - month holding scenario, for a 50bp yield increase, the comprehensive return of 1 - year urban investment bonds is still positive; for a 20bp increase, some AA and AA(2) term varieties can also achieve coupon coverage of losses [2][10]. - **Stress Test of Bank Sub - debt**: The stress test results of bank sub - debt are less favorable. Whether holding for two weeks or three months, even when facing a 20bp yield increase, the comprehensive return of Tier 2 capital bonds and perpetual bank bonds is difficult to maintain in the positive range [3][13].

摘要 根据 Wind 数据，折价成交个券中，"22 遵桥 05"债券估值价格偏离幅度较大。净价上涨成交个券中，"20 万科 08" 估值价格偏离程度靠前。净价上涨成交二永债中，"23 华兴银行二级资本债 01"估值价格偏离幅度较大；净价上涨成 交商金债中，"24 珠海农商"估值价格偏离幅度靠前。成交收益率高于 10%的个券中，地产债排名靠前。 信用债估值收益变动主要分布在(0,5]区间。非金信用债成交期限主要分布在 0.5 年内，其中 3 至 4 年期品种折价成 交占比最高；二永债成交期限主要分布在 4 至 5 年，其中 1.5 年内品种折价成交占比最高。分行业看，汽车行业的债 券平均估值价格偏离最大。 风险提示 统计数据偏差或遗漏，高估值个券出现信用风险 敬请参阅最后一页特别声明 1 扫码获取更多服务 固定收益动态(动态) 图表1：折价成交跟踪 | 大幅折价个券成交跟踪 | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 剩余期限 估值价格偏 估值收益率 | | | 估值净价 ...

Macro Strategy - In Q1, China's export scale exceeded 6 trillion yuan, achieving a rapid growth of 6.9%, demonstrating strong resilience under pressure [2] - Private enterprises accounted for 5.85 trillion yuan in imports and exports, growing by 5.8%, and their share increased to 56.8% [2] - High-tech product exports from private enterprises reached a historical high of nearly 1 trillion yuan, maintaining their position as the largest import and export entity [2] - The customs authority noted four positive changes in foreign trade: increased activity among business entities, expanded cooperation space, optimized regional opening layout, and enhanced "new content" in foreign trade, with self-owned brand product exports growing by 10.2% [2] Industry Company - Steel Industry - The steel sector declined by 6.29% last week, underperforming the benchmark index (CSI 300) by 3.42 percentage points [9] - The steel industry's PE valuation stands at 15.6 times, at the 62.35% percentile over the past decade, while the PB valuation is at 0.95 times, at the 25.49% percentile [9] - Steel production showed a slight decrease, with iron water production and blast furnace operating rates remaining high; as of April 11, the operating rate increased by 0.15 percentage points week-on-week [10] - Demand for five major steel products decreased by 2.14% week-on-week, influenced by tariff policies and limited downstream industry operations [10] - Total steel inventory decreased by 1.71% week-on-week, although the decline rate has narrowed; inventory pressure is mainly on factory stocks, which increased by 2% [10] - Short-term outlook suggests that tariff issues may further suppress domestic steel demand, leading to weak steel prices; however, long-term prospects for high-end and green transformation in the industry are promising [10]

摘要 折价幅度靠前 50 只 AA 城投债（主体评级）中，"25 河南路桥 MTN002"估值价格偏离程度最大。净价跌幅靠前 50 只 个券中，"24 川发 K3"估值价格偏离幅度最大。净价上涨幅度靠前 50 只个券中，"22 万科 07"估值价格偏离幅度最 大。净价上涨幅度靠前 50 只二永债中，"24 建行二级资本债 02B"估值价格偏离程度最大。 风险提示 统计数据偏差或遗漏，高估值个券出现信用风险 敬请参阅最后一页特别声明 1 扫码获取更多服务 固定收益动态(动态) 图表1：折价幅度靠前 50 只 AA 城投债（主体评级） | 债券名称 | 剩余期限 | 估值价格 | 估值净价 | 估值收益率 | 当日估值 | 票面利率 | 隐含 | 主体 | 成交日期 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | (年) | 偏离(%) | (元) | 偏离(bp) | 收益(%) | (%) | 评级 | 评级 | | | 25 河南路桥 MTN002 | 2.89 | -0.27 | 99.74 | 10.17 | 4.5 ...

Core Viewpoint - The current environment is favorable for credit bonds, with analysts suggesting that the time for the central bank to implement a selective easing policy has arrived, driven by tariff impacts and positive market sentiment [1][2]. Group 1: Credit Bond Market Performance - Credit bonds have shown strong performance, with yields declining significantly due to a shift towards a looser funding environment and the impact of unexpected U.S. tariff policies [2]. - As of April 1, the AA-rated one-year credit spread narrowed by 27 basis points (BP), while mid to long-term lower-rated bonds saw spreads narrow by over 10 BP [2]. - City investment bonds have outperformed the overall credit bond market, with three-year bonds across all ratings narrowing by over 10 BP [2]. Group 2: Future Outlook for Credit Bonds - April is typically a window for credit bond allocation in the second quarter, with historical data indicating that credit spreads often narrow from April to May [3]. - Increased market demand and reduced supply are expected to contribute to the narrowing of credit spreads during this period, with over 1 trillion yuan in growth in wealth management products historically observed in April [3]. - Analysts suggest that if the central bank's easing policy is implemented in the second quarter, April is likely to be a key period for credit bond allocation [3]. Group 3: Institutional Preferences - City investment bonds are favored by institutions due to their perceived lower risk and improved credit binding with local governments following debt resolution policies [4]. - The trading volume of lower-rated city investment bonds has increased significantly, particularly in regions like Hebei, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, and Chongqing, with monthly turnover rates exceeding 15% [4]. - Analysts recommend a "downward strategy" for city investment bonds, particularly focusing on bonds from central provinces while being cautious of high-profile regions [4]. Group 4: Investment Strategies - Institutions are advised to actively position themselves in credit bonds, leveraging the current favorable conditions for potential capital gains [6][7]. - Suggested strategies include focusing on AA-rated bonds with maturities of three years or more for short-term capital gains, and a "long duration + moderate downward" strategy for broader credit bond allocation [7]. - For risk-averse investors, AAA or AA+ rated bonds with maturities of five to seven years are recommended, balancing potential returns with risk management [7].

量化信用策略 截至 4 月 3 日，利率风格组合优势明显，二级资本债重仓策略收益随之出现不小涨幅。节前一周债市超预期上涨，各 类策略组合综合收益趋近年初水平。其中，信用风格二级资本债重仓策略周度收益上涨 26.4BP，为涨幅最大的一类策 略，久期及混合哑铃组合单周绝对收益均接近 0.6%，而利率风格组合收益普遍超过对应信用风格组合。 品种久期跟踪 城投债、产业债、保险公司债久期处于较高历史分位。截至 4 月 4 日，城投债、产业债成交期限分别加权于 2.12 年、 2.75 年，城投债与产业债均处于 2021 年 3 月以来较高位水平，商业银行债中，二级资本债、银行永续债以及一般商 金债加权平均成交期限分别为 3.82 年、3.17 年、2.23 年；从其余金融债来看，证券公司债、证券次级债、保险公司 债、租赁公司债久期分别为 1.52 年、1.95 年、4.06 年、1.20 年，一般商金债、证券公司债、银行永续债位于较低历 史分位，保险公司债位于较高历史分位。 票息资产热度图谱 截至 2025 年 4 月 7 日，存量信用债中，民企地产债估值收益率及利差整体高于其他品种。与上周相比，非金融非地 产类产业债 ...

Market Performance - A-shares experienced a collective rebound with the Shanghai Composite Index rising by 1.16%, the Shenzhen Component Index increasing by 2.25%, and the ChiNext Index up by 2.27% on April 10, 2025 [1] - The total trading volume in the Shanghai and Shenzhen markets reached 1.61 trillion yuan, a decrease of 901 billion yuan compared to the previous day [1] ETF Performance - Several US stock ETFs saw significant gains, with the S&P Oil & Gas ETF rising by 10.06%, the Nasdaq Index ETF increasing by 10.04%, and the Nasdaq 100 ETF up by 10.03% [1] - The US stock market indices experienced substantial increases, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average up by 2,962.86 points (7.87%), the S&P 500 up by 474.13 points (9.52%), and the Nasdaq Composite up by 1,857.06 points (12.16%) [2] ETF Trading Volume - The top ETFs by trading volume included the Yinhua Daily ETF with 14.6 billion yuan, the Hang Seng Technology ETF with 13.93 billion yuan, and the Hang Seng Technology Index ETF with 13.70 billion yuan [5] - The top ETFs by turnover rate were led by the Benchmark Treasury ETF at 314.35%, followed by the New Economy ETF at 216.55% and the S&P Consumer ETF at 205.95% [6] New ETF Launch - The Dachen Shenzhen 100 ETF (code: 159216) is set to launch on April 11, 2025, closely tracking the Shenzhen 100 Index, which reflects the performance of core quality listed companies in the Shenzhen market [7] - The Shenzhen 100 Index is characterized by a significant weight in large-cap stocks, with 44.61% of its components having a market capitalization exceeding 200 billion yuan [7] Sector Focus - The Shenzhen 100 Index components are concentrated in TMT (Technology, Media, and Telecommunications), high-end manufacturing, and consumer sectors, indicating long-term growth potential aligned with China's economic transformation and high-quality development [8]