Supply and Demand Dynamics - The total supply of long-term government bonds in 2026 is projected to be between 6.5 trillion and 7.2 trillion yuan, slightly higher than the 6.4 trillion yuan in 2025[2][4]. - The issuance of long-term government bonds has increased significantly since 2019, with the proportion of bonds with a maturity of over 10 years rising from less than 5% before 2019 to around 25% in recent years[2]. Market Behavior and Trends - From November 20 to December 15, 2025, net sales of bonds with maturities over 10 years totaled 659 billion yuan by brokerages, with funds also selling 458 billion yuan during the same period due to relative ranking pressures[1]. - The yield on 10-year government bonds rose from 1.81% to 1.87%, while the yield on 30-year bonds increased from 2.14% to 2.28%, leading to a widening yield spread of 43 basis points[1]. Issuance Patterns - In 2025, the issuance of special government bonds accounted for 1.3 trillion yuan, while ordinary long-term bonds totaled 211 billion yuan, indicating a shift towards longer maturities[3]. - The issuance of long-term local government bonds peaked in the first quarter of 2025, with significant amounts issued in subsequent months, reflecting a balanced issuance rhythm throughout the year[5][6]. Institutional Demand and Capacity - Major banks have been net sellers of long-term government bonds, with cumulative net sales of 3.58 trillion yuan for large banks and 2.79 trillion yuan for joint-stock banks in 2025[8]. - Insurance companies have emerged as significant buyers of long-term bonds, with net purchases of 2.36 trillion yuan in long-term government bonds and 1.88 trillion yuan in local bonds in 2025[9]. Future Outlook - The demand for long-term government bonds in 2026 may be constrained by potential declines in insurance premium growth and regulatory pressures on asset management products, which could limit their capacity to absorb new issuances[10][11]. - The market's ability to improve the supply-demand structure will be crucial for the performance of long-term bonds, with potential adjustments in bank capacity and central bank interventions being key factors to watch[12].

证券研究报告 固收定期报告 hyzqdatemark 2025 年 12 月 13 日 如何解读 11 月金融数据？ ——2025 年 11 月金融数据点评 投资要点： 事件：12 月 12 日傍晚央行披露了 11 月金融数据：新增贷款 3900 亿元，社融增量 2.49 万亿元。11 月末，M2 达 337.0 万亿，YoY+8.0%；M1 YoY +4.9%；社融增速 8.5%。 证券分析师 廖志明 SAC：S1350524100002 liaozhiming@huayuanstock.com 请务必仔细阅读正文之后的评级说明和重要声明 联系人 信贷需求持续偏弱，11 月新增贷款同比少增。由于信贷需求偏弱，季初月新增贷款 往往较低，季末月银行偏好冲信贷规模以做大季末时点贷款规模。11 月新增贷款仅 3900 亿，同比大幅少增。11 月个贷-2063 亿，对公+6100 亿，非银同业贷款-147 亿。11 月个贷短期-2158 亿，个贷中长期+100 亿，均同比大幅少增，反映居民主 动去杠杆，消费及按揭信贷需求皆弱。11 月对公短贷+1000 亿，对公中长期+1700 亿，票据融资+3342 亿，对公信贷需 ...

华西证券指出，如果将2025年的财政与货币政策节奏线性外推，债市内部或难形成明确的共识方向，市 场对通胀回升的担忧和"严监管"的推进，2026年债市可能延续25年偏弱的震荡格局，这也是当前市场较 为一致的预期。然而，一致性预期总是容易被打破。2026年可能变化的方向：一是宽财政向稳财政的转 变，如果经济增速目标下降，对应的财政赤字率也可能同步回落，由此对债券市场来说，政府债的供给 压力减轻；二是稳货币能否过渡为宽货币，进而推动债市表现超出预期。货币政策主动发力，可能需要 一些自下而上的风险事件发酵，如果没有外部因素的刺激，货币政策可能还是以稳为主。2026全年债市 行情的关键，是等待货币政策的实质性变化。从节奏上看，或是"前慢后快"，一季度（或春节前）蛰 伏，等待货币政策的变化，及消化潜在的通胀担忧，二、三季度出击，进而容易形成全年低点。 (本文来自第一财经) ...

（文章来源：第一财经） 华西证券指出，如果将2025年的财政与货币政策节奏线性外推，债市内部或难形成明确的共识方向，市 场对通胀回升的担忧和"严监管"的推进，2026年债市可能延续25年偏弱的震荡格局，这也是当前市场较 为一致的预期。然而，一致性预期总是容易被打破。2026年可能变化的方向：一是宽财政向稳财政的转 变，如果经济增速目标下降，对应的财政赤字率也可能同步回落，由此对债券市场来说，政府债的供给 压力减轻；二是稳货币能否过渡为宽货币，进而推动债市表现超出预期。货币政策主动发力，可能需要 一些自下而上的风险事件发酵，如果没有外部因素的刺激，货币政策可能还是以稳为主。2026全年债市 行情的关键，是等待货币政策的实质性变化。从节奏上看，或是"前慢后快"，一季度（或春节前）蛰 伏，等待货币政策的变化，及消化潜在的通胀担忧，二、三季度出击，进而容易形成全年低点。 ...

Macroeconomic Insights - November inflation data shows CPI increased by 0.7% year-on-year, meeting expectations, while month-on-month decreased by 0.1%. Core CPI, excluding food and energy, rose by 1.2% year-on-year. PPI decreased by 2.2% year-on-year, lower than the expected -2%, but increased by 0.1% month-on-month [5][7]. - The IMF projects China's economy to grow by 5.0% in 2025 and 4.5% in 2026 [7]. - The bond market continued its recovery, with long-term government bonds showing significant improvement. The main contract for 30-year government bonds rose by 0.3% [7]. Equity Market Analysis - The market exhibited a rebound after a dip, indicating strong support at lower levels. The computing hardware sector was pivotal in driving the index's recovery, and its core stocks will be crucial for future observations [9]. - The Ministry of Commerce's promotion of the "Fat Donglai model" focuses on the lower-tier market, indicating a shift in retail competition towards refined operations, personalized services, and deep digital integration for high-quality development [10]. - Hainan's free trade port's full island closure and its 14th Five-Year Plan mark a new phase of higher-level openness. Short-term investment prospects include consumer return and policy benefits, while medium-term focuses on modern service industries and unique industrial clusters [10].

中信证券研报称，经测算，12月基本不存在流动性缺口，资金面对债市的风险有限。参考2021年以来 10Y国债收益率各月表现，年末债市利率整体趋于下行。随着今年11月债市调整，10年国债收益率回升 至1.75%~1.85%区间的偏上位置，交易机会也开始浮现。然而，中信证券认为年末行情的空间可能仍然 较为有限，建议结合债市边际变化灵活调整策略节奏。 ...

Group 1: Investment Rating - No information provided about the industry investment rating Group 2: Core Views - Forecasts 2025 November new loans to be 450 billion yuan and social financing increment to be 2.15 trillion yuan; at end - Nov, M2 to reach 337.2 trillion, YoY +8.1%, new - caliber M1 YoY +5.6%, and social financing growth rate to be 8.4% [1] - November new loans may be less than the same period last year due to weak credit demand and banks' low motivation for credit issuance; future new loans may also be less year - on - year [2] - November M1 growth rate may decline, and M2 growth rate may slightly decline month - on - month [2] - Social financing growth rate may continue to decline, and it may drop to about 7.3% by the end of 2026 [2] - December bond market is promising, and the report is bullish on the bond market [2] Group 3: Summary by Related Catalogs New Loans - Predicts 450 billion yuan in new loans in November 2025, with individual loans +5 billion, corporate loans +35 billion, and non - bank inter - bank loans +5 billion; individual short - term loans - 5 billion, individual long - term loans +10 billion; corporate short - term loans +0 billion, corporate long - term loans +15 billion, and bill financing +20 billion [2] M1 and M2 - Predicts the new - caliber M1 growth rate at the end of November to be 5.6%, with a slight month - on - month decline; the M2 growth rate at the end of November to be 8.1%, with a slight month - on - month decline [2] Social Financing - Predicts 2.15 trillion yuan in social financing increment in November 2025, less than the same period in 2024; the growth rate at the end of November to be 8.4%, with a 0.1 - point month - on - month decline [2] Bond Market - Due to factors such as slow growth in bond fund scale and banks' and insurers' increased influence on bond market pricing, and considering factors like banks' lower liability costs and insurers' asset - liability duration gap, the report is bullish on the December bond market [2]

证券研究报告：固定收益报告 发布时间：2025-12-01 研究所 分析师:梁伟超 SAC 登记编号:S1340523070001 Email:liangweichao@cnpsec.com 近期研究报告 《涨不动后，信用如何参与？——信 用周报 20251125》 - 2025.11.26 固收周报 年末机构行为百态 ——流动性周报 20251130 l 年末机构"做收益"的意愿普遍偏弱 年末机构"做收益"的意愿普遍偏弱。并非所有机构都面临负债 压力，或者对债券后市的观点极度悲观，但有一个共通点，就是不指 望也不诉求在年末做收益，即使是配置型机构也没有往年末的"抢筹" 意愿。 公募类账户：更多希望规避波动，应对负债压力。从公募类账户 管理人的心态来看，年末做收益并不是第一位的，即便有债券行情的 出现，也会选择较为谨慎的操作，以保证一定的流动性头寸。 理财类账户：年内诉求不强，但对明年一季度有诉求。部分机构 所采取的策略是，在年底不诉求规模的增长，以避免抬高基数；依然 准备在明年一季度诉求规模增长，也会在明年一季度集中配置票息类 资产，这从对规模的管理上和对投资机会的把握上，都是合理的。 银行自营类账户：注重 ...

Group 1 - The latest price for the 5-10 year government bond ETF (511020) is 115.58 yuan, while the government development bond ETF (159651) is priced at 106.67 yuan. The current scale of the 5-10 year government bond ETF has reached 1.631 billion yuan [1] - Recent trading activity shows that long-term interest rate bonds (20 years and above) experienced a net sell-off of 6.6 billion yuan by bond funds, while insurance funds bought 4.3 billion yuan. Over the past week, broker proprietary trading sold off 22.8 billion yuan, and bond funds sold 11.4 billion yuan, with insurance funds purchasing 23.3 billion yuan and rural commercial banks adding 6.4 billion yuan [1] - Institutions indicate that the recent adjustment in long-term interest rate bonds is primarily due to selling by broker proprietary trading and bond funds. There are ongoing rumors regarding new regulations on fund redemption fees, which are causing fluctuations in the bond market. The implementation of these new regulations is expected to mark the beginning of the second wave of the bond market in Q4 [1] Group 2 - The 5-10 year government bond ETF closely tracks the CSI 5-10 Year Government Bond Active Index, which includes bonds with maturities of 5, 7, and 10 years. The index is calculated using a non-market capitalization weighted method to reflect the overall performance of these bonds [2] - The government development bond ETF closely follows the China Bond 0-3 Year Development Bank Bond Index, which includes policy bank bonds with a maturity of up to 3 years. This index serves as a performance benchmark for investments in this category of bonds [2]

新华财经北京11月25日电（王菁）债市周二（11月25日）小幅走弱，国债期货全线收跌，银行间现券收 益率小幅回升0.5BP左右；公开市场单日净回笼1054亿元，多项扰动已过、资金利率多数回落。 机构认为，年内货币政策缺乏想象空间对债市形成压制，在此前修复行情过后，市场机构普遍做多信心 不足。亦有观点指出，债市情绪依然脆弱，在12月中央经济工作会议之前，债市行情或仍延续震荡。 【行情跟踪】 国债期货收盘多数下跌，30年期主力合约跌0.33%报115.16，10年期主力合约跌0.08%报108.22，5年期 主力合约持平于105.98，2年期主力合约涨0.01%报102.422。 银行间主要利率债收益率普遍上行，30年期国债"25超长特别国债06"收益率上行0.85BP报2.1685%，10 年期国开债"25国开15"收益率上行0.45BP报1.878%，10年期国债"25附息国债16"收益率上行0.45BP报 1.8175%。 中证转债指数收盘上涨0.22%，报485.08点，成交金额624.32亿元。欧通转债、振华转债、大中转债、 国城转债、利扬转债涨幅居前，分别涨9.35%、8.19%、7.85%、7.79 ...