2026 年债市展望：度尽劫波，守候周期 20260105 摘要 2026 年或延续出清阶段，企业部门杠杆率维持高位，政府部门加杠杆， 居民部门负债压力缓解，整体风险偏好有望随新质生产力显现而回升， 并促进资产价值重估。 预计 2026 年通胀温和修复，但总体物价难有趋势性大幅改善。猪周期 或在 2026 年见底回升，能源价格供强需弱格局难改，核心通胀虽有修 复但难以支撑整体通胀大幅上升。 合理的政策组合应为财政和货币双宽松。预计 2026 年广义赤字率维持 在 10%左右水平，货币政策通过小幅降息维持名义利率低位，并运用降 准、MLF 等工具投放流动性。 名义 GDP 增速或接近归零，经济增长更多依赖实际产出提升。需通过财 政货币双宽松稳定总需求，确保资产价格上涨不伴随名义利率明显回升。 2025 年中长期流动性投放积极，预计 2026 年维持宽松。货币政策操 作框架更注重短期利率和资金利率调控，资金面和流动性运行将相对平 稳，呈现"资金的新常态"。 预计 2026 年居民中长期信贷延续回落趋势，信贷增量主要依赖政策推 动的投资需求回升，如新型政策性金融工具扩量。 在陡峭收益率曲线下推荐期限策略，大幅上行概 ...

证券研究报告 【平安固收】2025年12月托管月报： 跨年后债券供给上升，市场承接力 面临考验 平安证券研究所固定收益团队 请务必阅读正文后免责条款 刘璐 投资咨询资格编号：S1060519060001 张君瑞 投资咨询资格编号：S1060519080001 2026年1月5日 核心摘要 4 1.1同业存单新增托管量明显下降，地方债小幅下降 2 25年11月新增债券规模同比下降。2025年11月，债券托管余额为193.57万亿元，同比增速为13.37%，较上月下降0.67个百 分点；11月新增托管规模为14397亿元，同比下降 8221亿元。 分券种：25年11月债券供给同比下降，主要受同业存单拖累。25年11月利率债新增托管量同比小降，其中国债和地方债 下降，政金债增加；11月公司信用债新增托管量同比增加374亿元，全靠产业债支撑。 分机构：25年11月银行明显多增配，其余投资者需求偏弱。25年11月10Y国债利率小幅上升3.7BP，银行明显多增配，其 余投资者普遍降仓位。考虑央行买断式逆回购后，25年11月商业银行债券投资同比多增9170亿元，银行增持政府债规模/ 政府债净供给为90.9%，明显上升且处于 ...

证券研究报告：固定收益报告 发布时间：2026-01-05 研究所 分析师:梁伟超 SAC 登记编号:S1340523070001 Email:liangweichao@cnpsec.com 分析师:谢鹏 SAC 登记编号:S1340525120001 Email:xiepeng@cnpsec.com 研究助理:王一 SAC 登记编号:S1340125070001 Email:wangyi8@cnpsec.com 近期研究报告 《保险配置的久期刚性与资本约束— —2026 年展望系列八》 - 2025.12.31 固收专题 度尽劫波，守候周期 ————2026 年债券市场展望 ⚫ 债务周期：杠杆率的出清和转移仍将持续 2026 年债券市场运行的核心背景仍是债务周期"出清阶段"的延 续。居民部门债务依旧承压，政府部门继续承担加杠杆职能，宏观杠 杆率呈现"结构分化、总量稳定"的格局。在此背景下，经济与通胀修 复均以温和渐进为主，名义利率需要维持低位来配置债务周期出清， 债券收益率中枢下行空间有限，但大幅上行风险同样可控。 ⚫ 物价形势：通胀对名义增长的拖累或将归零 通胀在 2026 年大概率进入温和修复阶段。CP ...

聊一聊明年的机构行为展望。在低利率环境下，市场更多呈现存量博弈特征，而存量博弈的核心在于跟 踪配置盘、交易盘的指标约束与仓位变化——这有助于我们更精准地刻画当前市场拥挤度，以及判断短 期市场的演绎方向。 明年大的交易机会可重点关注三个预期差：一是叙事共识的预期差，当前市场对明年预期偏乐观，需警 惕超预期偏差；二是政策层面"开门红"的预期差，关注财政落地节奏、发债计划及货币政策配合带来的 利率择时机会；三是负债端跟踪的预期差，持续关注机构负债变化对相关品种超额收益的影响。 在机构行为方面，我们重点分析两类配置机构——今年部分配置机构的配置意愿、诉求及配置规模，对 市场波动产生了显著影响。今年市场超长期限品种出现阶段性大幅波动，核心原因在于配置盘承接意愿 不足，例如我们前文提到的商业银行，受利率风险影响，其操作呈现"卖长买短"特征。若明年EVE指标 未在监管层面出现明显改善，这一情况大概率仍将持续，相关品种或继续承压。 最后做一个简单总结：我们认为明年的宏观环境、流动性环境以及货币政策宽松诉求，均相对确定。因 此，明年债券市场大概率呈现偏震荡格局，但震荡过程中的波动幅度可能较大。 在这样的市场环境下，最具配置与交 ...

我们可以简单地回顾一下2025年的债券市场。应该说从年初到现在12月中旬，马上要过完今年了，是一 个非常波澜壮阔的行情。虽然我们看到可能从年初跟当前相比，整个利率波动的幅度其实并不高，但是 在今年一个低利率的环境下，可能20到30个基点的波动足以让大部分的债券从业人员产生非常不适的感 受。 我们也看到了今年的债券市场，大家都在聊说今年是和基本面脱敏的一年。我们可以看到，当基本面出 现阶段性承压的时候，债券市场并没有走出一波偏利多的趋势，反而是出现了一些波折，尤其在跨年的 前后。我们也看到了部分期限的品种出现了非常大的波动。 风险提示： 投资人应当充分了解基金定期定额投资和零存整取等储蓄方式的区别。定期定额投资是引导投资人进行 长期投资、平均投资成本的一种简单易行的投资方式。但是定期定额投资并不能规避基金投资所固有的 风险，不能保证投资人获得收益，也不是替代储蓄的等效理财方式。 无论是股票ETF/LOF基金，都是属于较高预期风险和预期收益的证券投资基金品种，其预期收益及预期 风险水平高于混合型基金、债券型基金和货币市场基金。 基金资产投资于科创板和创业板股票，会面临因投资标的、市场制度以及交易规则等差异带来的特 ...

丨证券研究报告丨 固定收益丨点评报告 [Table_Title] 14 天逆回购重启，同业存单利率下行 ——流动性和机构行为周度观察 报告要点 [Table_Summary] 2025 年 12 月 15 日-12 月 19 日，央行短期逆回购小幅净回笼资金。2025 年 12 月 15 日-12 月 21 日，政府债净缴款规模较前一周有所增加，同业存单到期收益率多数下行，银行间债券市场 杠杆率均值提升。2025 年 12 月 22 日-12 月 28 日，政府债预计净缴款 3066 亿元，同业存单 到期规模约为 8822 亿元。2025 年 12 月 19 日，测算中长期、短期利率风格纯债基久期中位数 周度环比分别下降 0.20 年、提升 0.04 年。 分析师及联系人 [Table_Author] 赵增辉 马月 SAC：S0490524080003 SAC：S0490525080001 SFC：BVN394 请阅读最后评级说明和重要声明 %% %% %% %% research.95579.com 1 [Table_Title 14 天逆回购重启，同业存单利率下行 2] ——流动性和机构行为周度观察 [T ...

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints - This week (12.8 - 12.12), the funds' interest rates were divided, the daily average of large - bank lending decreased, and funds slightly increased leverage. The maturity of certificates of deposit (CDs) increased, and the yield curve of CD maturities flattened. In the cash bond trading, the main buyers were large banks, insurance companies increased the allocation of ultra - long - term bonds, funds increased positions in 3 - 5Y and 7 - 10Y interest - rate bonds and credit bonds within 5Y, and rural commercial banks mainly sold bonds [4]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Monetary Fundamentals - There were 1.5118 trillion yuan of reverse repurchase maturities this week (12.8 - 12.12). The central bank cumulatively injected 668.5 billion yuan of reverse repurchases, with a net liquidity injection of 4.7 billion yuan for the whole week. Next week, there will be 60 billion yuan of outright reverse repurchases injected and 40 billion yuan of outright reverse repurchases maturing [4][7]. - As of December 12, R001, R007, DR001, and DR007 were 1.35%, 1.51%, 1.27%, and 1.47% respectively, changing by - 2.46BP, 1.12BP, - 2.56BP, and 3.11BP compared to December 5, and were at the 15%, 9%, 10%, and 4% historical quantiles respectively [4][9]. - From December 8 to December 12, the total large - bank lending scale was 21.99 trillion yuan, with a daily maximum lending scale of 4.6 trillion yuan and a daily average lending scale of 4.4 trillion yuan, a decrease of 60 billion yuan compared to the previous week's daily average [4][14]. - The trading volume of pledged repurchase increased. The daily average trading volume was 8.08 trillion yuan, with a daily maximum of 8.25 trillion yuan, a 1.91% increase compared to the previous week's daily average. The proportion of overnight repurchase transactions decreased, with a daily average proportion of 89.4% and a daily maximum of 90.2%, a decrease of 0.09 percentage points compared to the previous week's daily average, and was at the 92.4% quantile as of December 12 [4][16]. 3.2 Certificates of Deposit and Bills - This week (12.8 - 12.12), the issuance scale of CDs increased, and the net financing decreased. The total issuance was 940.93 billion yuan, an increase of 445.82 billion yuan compared to the previous week; the total maturity was 1.0624 trillion yuan, an increase of 613.59 billion yuan compared to the previous week. The net financing was - 121.5 billion yuan, a decrease of 167.77 billion yuan compared to the previous week [4][19]. - By bank type, city commercial banks had the highest CD issuance scale. This week, the CD issuance scales of state - owned banks, joint - stock banks, city commercial banks, and rural commercial banks were 244.69 billion yuan, 272.25 billion yuan, 361.74 billion yuan, and 56.43 billion yuan respectively, changing by 79.09 billion yuan, 173.02 billion yuan, 165.58 billion yuan, and 27.27 billion yuan compared to the previous week [19]. - By term type, the 6M CD issuance scale was the highest. The issuance scales of 1M, 3M, 6M, 9M, and 1Y CDs were 84.21 billion yuan, 257 billion yuan, 401.28 billion yuan, 59.56 billion yuan, and 138.88 billion yuan respectively, changing by 17.61 billion yuan, 196.65 billion yuan, 183.92 billion yuan, 17.62 billion yuan, and 30.02 billion yuan compared to the previous week. The 6M CDs accounted for the highest proportion (42.65%) of the total CD issuance of banks by type, mainly issued by city commercial banks; the 3M term accounted for 27.31%, also mainly issued by city commercial banks [20]. - This week, the CD maturity increased. The total maturity was 1.0624 trillion yuan, an increase of 613.59 billion yuan compared to the previous week. Next week (12/15 - 12/19), the CD maturity will be 1.06285 trillion yuan [23]. - This week, the CD issuance interest rates of each bank and each term showed differentiation. By bank type, as of December 12, the one - year CD issuance interest rates of joint - stock banks, state - owned banks, city commercial banks, and rural commercial banks changed by - 0.33BP, 1.67BP, - 1.69BP, and 0.08BP respectively compared to December 5, and were at the 4%, 6%, 6%, and 5% historical quantiles; by term, as of December 12, the 1M, 3M, and 6M CD issuance interest rates changed by 2.38BP, 3.64BP, and - 0.2BP respectively compared to December 5, and were at the 9%, 8%, and 4% historical quantiles [25]. - This week, most Shibor interest rates increased. As of December 12, the overnight, 1 - week, 2 - week, 1M, and 3M Shibor interest rates changed by - 2.2BP, 3.5BP, 0.1BP, 0.5BP, and 0.5BP respectively compared to December 5, reaching 1.28%, 1.45%, 1.51%, 1.53%, and 1.59% [27]. - This week, the CD maturity yields flattened. As of December 12, the 1M, 3M, 6M, 9M, and 1Y maturity yields of AAA - rated ChinaBond commercial bank CDs were 1.62%, 1.62%, 1.64%, 1.65%, and 1.66% respectively, changing by 3.57BP, 0BP, 0.5BP, - 0.25BP, and 0.5BP compared to December 5 [4][31]. - This week, the bill interest rates increased. As of December 12, the 3M state - owned bank direct discount rate, 3M state - owned bank transfer discount rate, 6M state - owned bank direct discount rate, and 6M state - owned bank transfer discount rate were 0.66%, 0.5%, 0.91%, and 0.95% respectively, changing by - 6BP, 5BP, 10BP, and 8BP compared to December 5 [4][33]. 3.3 Institutional Behavior Tracking - The leverage ratio of broad - based funds slightly increased. As of December 12, the bank leverage ratio, securities leverage ratio, insurance leverage ratio, and broad - based fund leverage ratio were 103.5%, 183.5%, 132.1%, and 104.6% respectively, changing by 0.01BP, 6.88BP, 2.52BP, and 0.32BP compared to December 5, and were at the 28%, 1%, 89%, and 14% historical quantiles respectively [4][36]. - The central value of the net - buying duration of funds rebounded, and wealth management and insurance increased their durations. As of December 12, the weighted average net - buying duration (MA = 10) of funds was - 3.52 years, a decrease from - 8.48 years on December 5, and was at the 4% historical quantile; the weighted average net - buying duration (MA = 10) of wealth management was 3.80 years, an increase compared to December 5, and was at the 95% historical quantile; the weighted average net - buying duration (MA = 10) of rural commercial banks was 1.14 years, a decrease compared to December 5, and was at the 56% historical quantile; the weighted average net - buying duration (MA = 10) of insurance was 12.23 years, a decrease compared to December 5, and was at the 87% historical quantile [4][38]. - The inter - bank leverage ratio increased. As of December 12, the total inter - bank bond - market leverage ratio increased by 0.34 percentage points to 106.68% compared to December 5, and was at the 45.30% historical quantile since 2021 [39]. - This week, the duration of medium - and long - term pure - bond funds increased. As of December 12, the duration of medium - and long - term pure - bond funds increased by 0.16 years to 3.13 years compared to December 5, and was at the 54% historical quantile since this year; the duration of short - term pure - bond funds increased by 0.20 years to 1.82 years compared to December 5, and was at the 89% historical quantile since this year [45].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the content. 2. Core View of the Report From December 8 - 12, 2025, the central bank's 7 - day reverse repurchase had a small net capital injection, and the 6M repurchase in December had a net injection of 20 billion yuan. The government bond net payment scale decreased, the inter - bank bond market leverage ratio increased on average, and the median duration of medium - long - term and short - term interest - style pure bond funds changed. Tax - period disturbances may hinder the decline of overnight funding rates [2][7]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Funds - **Central Bank Operations**: From December 8 - 12, 2025, the central bank's 7 - day reverse repurchase had a net injection of 470 million yuan. In December, the 6M repurchase had a net injection of 20 billion yuan. From December 15 - 19, 7 - day reverse repurchases worth 66.85 billion yuan will mature, 40 billion yuan of 6M repurchases will mature, and 60 billion yuan will be issued. The decrease in net repurchase injection in December may be due to banks' preference for 1 - year policy tools [6]. - **Funding Rates**: From December 8 - 12, 2025, the average values of DR001 and R001 decreased by 1.2 and 0.7 basis points respectively compared to December 1 - 5. The average values of DR007 and R007 increased by 1.1 and 0.6 basis points respectively. The overnight rate DR001 dropped below 1.30%. However, due to the tax - period payment disturbance after December 15, overnight funding rates may face volatility [7]. - **Government Bond Net Financing**: From December 8 - 14, 2025, the government bond net payment scale was about 1.48 billion yuan, 17.18 billion yuan less than December 1 - 7. From December 15 - 21, the expected net payment scale is - 8.394 billion yuan [7]. 3.2 Inter - bank Certificates of Deposit - **Yield and Curve**: As of December 12, 2025, the 1M and 3M inter - bank certificate of deposit yields were 1.6150%, up 3.6 and 0.0 basis points respectively from December 5. The 1Y yield was 1.6600%, up 0.5 basis points from November 28. The decline in certificate of deposit rates was hindered by weak bond market sentiment and limited impact of marginal changes in funding on pricing [8]. - **Net Financing**: From December 8 - 14, 2025, the net financing of inter - bank certificates of deposit was about - 12.06 billion yuan. From December 15 - 21, the expected maturity repayment amount is 106.29 billion yuan, with high roll - over pressure [8]. 3.3 Institutional Behavior - **Leverage Ratio**: From December 8 - 12, 2025, the average leverage ratio of the inter - bank bond market was 107.63%, up from 107.56% in December 1 - 5 [9]. - **Bond Fund Duration**: On December 12, 2025, the median duration of medium - long - term interest - style pure bond funds increased by 0.44 years week - on - week, reaching the 92.6% quantile since early 2022. The median duration of short - term interest - style pure bond funds decreased by 0.30 years week - on - week, at the 18.2% quantile [9].

大行买短，农商接长 ——流动性与机构行为跟踪 证券研究报告/固收定期报告 2025 年 12 月 08 日 分析师：吕品 执业证书编号：S0740525060003 Email：lvpin@zts.com.cn 执业证书编号：S0740525070001 Email：suht@zts.com.cn 1、《基金、券商共振抛券》2025-12-01 2、《资金波动，大行融出下行》 2025-11-24 3、《债基久期再回落》2025-11-20 分析师：严伶怡 本周（12.1-12.5）关注要点：本周资金利率下行，大行融出日均环比增加，基金降杠 杆；存单到期减少，存单到期收益率曲线上移；现券成交来看，买盘主力来自农商， 增持 7-10Y 利率债为主，基金延续抛盘，主要卖出 7-10Y 和 20-30Y 利率债并增持短 端信用，大行增持 3Y 以内利率债，保险继续增配 20-30Y 超长利率债。 货币资金面 机构行为跟踪 请务必阅读正文之后的重要声明部分 报告摘要 联系人：苏鸿婷 相关报告 本周（12.1-12.5，下同）共有 15118 亿元逆回购到期。周一至周五央行分别投放逆 回购 1076、1563、793、 ...

证券研究报告：固定收益报告 发布时间：2025-12-08 分析师:梁伟超 SAC 登记编号:S1340523070001 Email:liangweichao@cnpsec.com 近期研究报告 《货币政策重心转移————2026 年 展望系列四》 - 2025.12.03 固收周报 30 年国债超跌了吗？ ——流动性周报 20251207 l 30 年国债交易的至暗时刻，也是配置的良机 观点回顾：以机构心态视角来看，年末对收益的诉求普遍偏弱， 明年一季度理财类机构和保险机构存在抢筹的意愿。年内债市行情限 于区间震荡的局面可能不易改变，年末时点存在提前抢筹、行情升温 的契机。 从期限利差视角，30 减 10 的期限利差再次回到近年高位，虽然 很难判断超长债期限利差的合理水平，因为超长期政府债的发行压力 始终存在，但是在居民部门加杠杆之前，风险偏好的修复很难驱动超 长端期限利差回到更高的位置。 从利率比价视角，扣除税收之后的 30 年国债收益率和房贷利率 之间已经持平，以央行对不倒挂的要求出发，30 年国债收益率不应再 大幅上行。虽然这种比较关系并非严格有效，但依然可以作为定价参 考； 研究所 从机构行为视角 ...