Core Insights - The European Central Bank's annual report indicates a slight decline in the dollar's share of global foreign exchange reserves, now at 46% in 2024, down from the previous year [1] - Gold has seen a significant increase in its share of foreign exchange reserves, rising to 20%, surpassing the euro to become the second-largest reserve asset globally [1] - The report highlights a trend among central banks to diversify their foreign exchange reserves and mitigate geopolitical risks [1] - The euro maintains a stable share of 19% in various metrics, including foreign exchange reserves, international trade settlements, and the global bond market, remaining the second-largest currency in the world [1]

人民银行6月7日发布的最新数据显示，截至5月末我国黄金储备达到7383万盎司。这一数字较4月末增加6万盎司，标志着央行连续第7个月增持黄金。自去年 11月重新启动增持以来，央行对黄金的配置策略呈现出明显的持续性特征。 2025年前5个月，外汇储备分别实现66.79亿美元、182亿美元、134.41亿美元、410亿美元和36亿美元的增长。这种持续增长态势受到多重因素影响，包括主 要经济体财政政策、货币政策变化以及全球金融资产价格波动等。汇率折算和资产价格变化等因素的综合作用，为外汇储备规模的稳定提供了支撑。 央行黄金储备持续增长态势 我国经济的持续回升向好态势，以及经济发展质量的稳步提升，为外汇储备规模保持基本稳定奠定了坚实基础。这种经济基本面的改善不仅有助于外汇储备 的稳定，也为央行进行包括黄金在内的多元化资产配置提供了更大空间。 外汇储备结构优化进程 与黄金储备增长相呼应的是，我国外汇储备整体规模也保持了稳定增长态势。国家外汇管理局数据显示，截至5月末外汇储备规模为32853亿美元，较4月末 上升36亿美元，升幅为0.11%。这已是外汇储备连续第5个月实现增长。 央行黄金储备的连续增持反映出货币当局对贵金属 ...

Central Banks' Gold Purchasing Trends - Central banks are accumulating gold at a record pace, with estimates suggesting they are hoarding approximately 80 tons of gold monthly, valued at around $8.5 billion at current prices [1] - The World Gold Council reports that central banks and sovereign wealth funds purchase a total of 1,000 tons of gold annually, accounting for at least a quarter of the yearly gold production [1] - A survey by HSBC indicated that over one-third of central banks plan to increase their gold purchases by 2025, with none intending to sell [1] Geopolitical Influences - The current wave of gold purchases began before the U.S.-China trade war and reflects growing concerns among countries about excessive dollar holdings [4] - The surge in gold prices in recent years has further enhanced its attractiveness as a safe-haven asset during geopolitical tensions [4] - Following the freezing of Russian foreign reserves due to the Ukraine conflict, the pace of central bank gold purchases has doubled [4] Secrecy in Purchases - Many central bank gold purchases remain undisclosed, with only about one-third of the reported purchases being publicly available [7] - The trend of secretive gold buying has been noted since the 1990s, with significant purchases often going unreported [6][10] - The average global gold reserve ratio for central banks is around 20%, which is seen as a reasonable medium-term target for emerging market central banks [11] Market Dynamics and Future Projections - The influx of gold into Switzerland has surged since 2022, with over 1,200 tons of gold reportedly entering the country, indicating a shift in reserve management strategies [14] - Concerns over the weaponization of the dollar and potential threats to the independence of the Federal Reserve have prompted central banks to diversify their reserves away from the dollar [14][15] - If just 0.5% of foreign-held U.S. assets were redirected to gold, prices could potentially rise to $6,000 per ounce by 2029, according to JPMorgan [15]

Core Insights - The article discusses the strategic reduction of U.S. Treasury holdings by China, highlighting the shift in global debt ownership dynamics, particularly with Japan and the UK increasing their holdings [1][4][17]. Group 1: Changes in U.S. Treasury Holdings - As of March, Japan increased its U.S. Treasury holdings by $4.9 billion, totaling $1.1308 trillion, making it the largest foreign holder [1][4]. - The UK surpassed China as the second-largest holder of U.S. Treasuries, with holdings rising to $779.3 billion, while China's holdings decreased to $765.4 billion after selling $18.9 billion in long-term Treasuries [1][4][17]. - Overall, foreign investors increased their U.S. Treasury holdings by $233.1 billion in March, reaching $9.05 trillion, indicating strong demand despite China's selling [4]. Group 2: Strategic Reasons for China's Actions - China's reduction in U.S. Treasury holdings is part of a broader strategy to diversify its foreign exchange reserves and reduce reliance on the U.S. dollar, especially in light of U.S. tariffs and geopolitical tensions [8][11][17]. - The share of U.S. Treasuries in China's foreign exchange reserves has decreased from a peak of 45% in 2014 to 23.9% in March 2025, reflecting a shift towards a more diversified asset base [8][11]. - The strategy includes increasing gold reserves, with China adding 182 tons of gold in 2024, resulting in a total of 7,377 million ounces by April 2025, a 41% increase from 2022 [8][11]. Group 3: Market Reactions and Future Implications - The article notes that the reduction in U.S. Treasury holdings by China has positioned it advantageously during market turmoil, such as the sell-off triggered by Trump's tariffs [5][11]. - The U.S. national debt has surpassed $36 trillion, with interest payments consuming 15% of the federal budget, raising concerns about the sustainability of U.S. debt [14][15]. - China's ongoing strategy may involve a gradual reduction of U.S. Treasury holdings by $50-80 billion annually until the holdings drop to 15% of its foreign exchange reserves, indicating a long-term trend towards reducing dependence on U.S. assets [17][18].

当地时间5月16日，美国财政部公布了最新数据，截至2025年3月底，中国减持189亿美元美国国债，持仓量降至7654亿美元。 而英国则逆势增持290亿美债，持仓量达7793亿美元，二十多年来首次超越中国，成为美国第二大海外债主，重塑了美债持有格局。 中国减持美债并非偶然，而是基于对全球经济形势和规避风险的审慎考量，实际上，自2022年4月起，中国美债持仓持续低于1万亿美元。 要知道，美国目前面临严峻的债务危机，截至2025年4月，美国联邦债务总额已达36.2万亿美元，占GDP的123%，美债的信用风险正在不断攀升，而美联储 近年来频繁的加息降息操作，也导致美债收益率有着波动剧烈。 另外，特朗普政府在4月向全球发动"关税战"，不仅破坏了全球经济秩序，也加剧了美国国内的经济矛盾，导致通胀预期升高，经济滞胀风险加大。 特朗普慌了？中国抛售了189亿美债，与此同时，央行也出手了，连续6个月增持黄金，这是怎么一回事呢？ 在这样的背景下，中国减持美债，是降低美元资产风险敞口、规避潜在金融风险的必要举措，而中国在减持美债的同时，在黄金储备方面也在持续发力。 值得注意的是，据国家外汇管理局的数据显示，4月末，中国的黄金储备报 ...

中国在5月15日宣布减持美国国债189亿美元。这一动作，仿佛是一个重磅炸弹，撼动了原本就处于风雨飘摇的美国债务市场，也让特朗普对此感到无比紧 张。这到底意味着什么？背后又隐藏着怎样的复杂利益和未来走向？ 面对中国的这一决定，特朗普自然不会坐视不理。从他近期的外交行程安排上来看，他似乎有意向中国示好。特朗普的"飞来中国"计划，表面上看是为了缓 解日益紧张的中美关系，实际上反映出他对当前美国经济和国际市场的深切忧虑。在美国内部，一方面是高企的债务让人心惊，另一方面是需要融洽国际关 系来提振市场信心。 但是，特朗普能否通过此行略微平息投资者的不安情绪，仍然充满悬念。尤其是在美国即将出台的新一轮减税法案背景下，预计将对财政造成巨大的压力， 加剧美国的财政赤字，这无疑会让市场对美国的信心产生动摇。而如果中国继续减持美债，或许将引发更多国家跟随，这将导致国际金融市场信心的崩溃， 最终形成毁灭性的"连锁反应"。 值得注意的是，英国在美债市场的逆势增持，似乎也是一种不得已的选择。作为传统盟友，英国希望通过维护与美国的经济联系，巩固自己在美元体系中的 影响力。在当前英国经济前景不明朗的情况下，增持美债不仅是为了维持与美国的金融 ...

区域经济结构的深刻变化也在推动黄金市场升温。越南房地产市场交易量大幅下滑，储蓄利率随之走 低，大量资金被迫转向黄金市场；泰国投资者更是打破"高价抛售"的常规，在金价上涨时反而逆向增 持，这一异常现象折射出他们对经济前景的深度忧虑。正如世界黄金协会所指出的，地缘政治冲突的加 剧和全球供应链的重塑，进一步强化了黄金的避险属性。 从国家层面看，各国央行的战略选择同样重要。2024年，全球央行黄金净购买量连续三年突破1000吨， 东南亚各国央行纷纷加速增持黄金。这一趋势与美元信用的削弱密切相关，美联储通过加息和缩表收割 新兴市场，促使各国加快外汇储备多元化步伐。调查数据显示，超过80%的央行计划在未来12个月内继 续增持黄金。 传统文化与市场分化构成了东南亚黄金需求的独特区域逻辑。在马来西亚的传统婚礼中，新娘佩戴的黄 金首饰是家族地位的重要标志；在泰国，佛教寺庙的金色装饰和节庆活动等催生了大量黄金需求；在越 南，黄金佩戴数量成为社会地位的象征。这些文化因素赋予了黄金超越投资品的社会功能。 经济分化则塑造了不同国家各具特色的市场形态。越南和泰国的黄金市场以避险需求为主导，尽管越南 央行抛售黄金在短期内抑制了价格，但房地 ...