2025年10月起施行 保障医疗器械网络销售质量 《 医疗器械网络销售质量管理规范》 制图：汪哲平 十四届全国人大常委会第十六次会议表决通过新修订的《中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法》，自10月15 日起施行。 整治"内卷式"竞争行为 "公平竞争是市场经济的基础原则。新修订的反不正当竞争法立足数字经济时代市场竞争的新特点、新 挑战，对虚假交易、数据权益保护、平台责任等焦点问题作出回应，为进一步规范市场秩序和夯实公平 竞争法治根基，促进高质量发展提供更坚实的法治保障。"中国商业法研究会副会长、武汉大学法学院 教授孙晋说。 新修订的《中华人民共和国反不正当 竞争法》规定,平台经营者不得强制 或者变相强制平台内经营者按照其定 价规则,以低于成本的价格 销售商品,扰乱市场竞争秩序 守住永久基本农田保护红线 《永久基本农田保护红线管理办法》 对于永久基本农田划定、管控、保护、 优化调整、质量建设等作出具体规定, 在永久基本农田保护红线整体稳定的 前提下,明确了允许优化 调整的情形、程序和规则 为压缩成本，充电宝行业部分厂商使用劣质电芯，导致安全隐患激增。新修订的反不正当竞争法规定国 家建立健全公平竞争审查制度，依法加强公平 ...

文/ 中国宏观经济研究院党委书记、院长 黄汉权 当前社会各方面比较关注的经济热点问题主要是物价持续低位运行、就业 和收入问题、房地产市场持续调整和部分行业"内卷式"竞争严重等。 当前社会各方面比较关注的经济热点问题主要是物价持续低位运行、就业和收入问题、房地产市场持续调整和部分行业"内卷式"竞争严重等。 针对物价持续低位运行问题， 要标本兼治、长短结合、供给需求双侧发力、政策改革协同配合，把推动物价温和回升作为宏观政策目标的重要内 容，加大逆周期调节力度，实施好更加积极有为的宏观政策，综合整治部分行业内卷式竞争和价格战，在供给侧调控重点行业产能产量，以产品质 量提升带动价格回升，在需求侧增加居民收入、完善社会保障，以释放消费潜力扩大国内需求，推动总供给和总需求关系改善。 当前就业形势面临较大挑战，其中既有经济转型带来的结构性就业阵痛，也有新兴技术发展带来的摩擦性失业。也要看到，中国经济稳定增长、新 兴行业蓬勃发展，也会带来新的就业机会。 从近期情况看，房地产市场运行总体平稳。第一，在各项稳楼市政策作用下，房地产销售基本平稳，上半年，全国新建商品房销售面积45851万平 方米，同比下降3.5%；新建商品房销售额 ...

文/ 中银证券全球首席经济学家 管涛 物价长期低位运行是当前我国经济面临的主要挑战之一，也是导致宏微观 体感温差的主要原因。今年以来，我国在供给侧出台了一系列"反内卷"的 政策措施。然而，需求侧的进一步发力也不可或缺。一是通过政府采购的 方式，聘用毕业一定年限但尚无工作的高校毕业生从事政府部门的工作； 二是适当放松政府和社会集团消费限制；三是聚焦民营企业关切的突出问 题，在扩大准入、打通堵点、强化保障等方面实施一批务实举措；四是进 一步强化宏观政策取向一致性评估，尤其是限制消费的非经济政策要慎重 出台，加强政策协同，形成政策合力。 年初政府工作报告将今年居民消费价格指数（CPI）预期涨幅设定在2%左右，较往年下调了1个百分点，并强调通过各项政策和改革共同作用，改 善供求关系，使价格总水平处在合理区间。今年以来，央行也多次强调把促进物价合理回升作为货币政策的重要考量。至今，尽管国内物价依然维 持低位运行，但出现了一些积极变化，反映了供给侧" 反内卷 "的初步成效。只是稳物价依然任重道远，需要进一步综合施策。 " 反内卷"助力物价改善 今年前8个月，我国CPI累计同比下降0.1%，剔除食品和能源的核心CPI增长0 ...

中新网9月30日电(记者 石睿)中国国际经济交流中心副理事长王一鸣近日在国经中心举办的第189期"经 济每月谈"上指出，治理"内卷式"竞争要供需两端协同发力，一方面通过扩大内需消化产能；另一方面 推进供给侧结构性改革淘汰落后产能，重点在于建立有效的市场退出机制，适度提高产业集中度，在更 高水平上实现供需动态平衡。 建立有效的市场退出机制 王一鸣认为，造成"内卷式"竞争的原因，从宏观层面看主要是有效需求不足，从微观层面看主要是市场 退出机制不健全。 王一鸣：治理"内卷式"竞争要供需两端协同发力 王一鸣表示，一些企业由于产品功能、生产工艺、服务模式趋同，难以形成差异化竞争，从而不惜采取 低于成本价的方式进行恶性竞争。 他进一步分析，目前市场主体"准入易、退出难"的问题比较突出。对于经营困难、存在债务或欠税的企 业而言，破产程序很难完成，导致一些僵尸企业被迫滞留市场。这些企业维持运转的成本低于新进入 者，可以通过极限低价策略参与竞争，从而加剧市场的恶性竞争。因此，需着力构建有效的市场退出机 制，推动市场有效出清。 综合施策治理"内卷式"竞争 三是完善市场监管。细化对超低价竞争的判定标准与监管规则，有效识别以排挤竞争 ...

Group 1 - The core issue of the current "involution" competition is the mismatch between supply and demand, characterized by strong supply and weak demand in quantity, as well as structural misalignment [1][2] - To address "involution" competition, it is essential to focus on long-term mechanisms such as legal system, policy system, and fiscal and tax system reforms, in addition to short-term supply-demand balance policies [1][2] - The current structural issues in demand require improvements in the legal framework, including the recent amendments to the Anti-Unfair Competition Law and the ongoing revisions of the Price Law and Bankruptcy Law [2][3] Group 2 - The transition from survival-oriented consumption to development-oriented consumption necessitates new quality, quantity, and structural demands from residents [2] - Strengthening the policy system in key areas is crucial, including the establishment of a unified national market policy framework and regulations to prevent unfair competition [3] - Enhancing the fiscal and tax system is vital to mitigate the "involution" phenomenon, which involves clarifying the responsibilities between central and local governments and reforming tax collection methods [3]

Group 1 - The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) is focusing on stabilizing electricity and coal prices, and preventing "involution" style competition among enterprises [1] - SASAC will enhance the regular communication mechanism regarding the economic operations of state-owned enterprises, addressing the concerns and suggestions raised by these enterprises [1] - Emphasis is placed on maintaining strategic determination and improving the "five values" to support stable employment, enterprises, markets, and expectations [1] Group 2 - The focus is on optimizing investment structure, particularly in key areas such as industrial chain strengthening, infrastructure construction, and energy resource security [1] - There is a call for resisting "involution" competition and promoting differentiated development and brand competition, while enhancing industry self-discipline [2] - Strengthening risk prevention measures and establishing a regular risk monitoring and early warning mechanism is highlighted to ensure the bottom line of risk control [2]

Group 1: Express Delivery Industry - A nationwide price increase in the express delivery industry has been initiated following notifications received by e-commerce merchants in Shanghai from multiple courier companies [1] - In August, the average revenue per package for major listed express companies showed an increase, with YTO Express at 2.15 yuan, Yunda at 1.92 yuan, Shentong at 2.06 yuan, and SF Express at 13.27 yuan, indicating a general rise compared to July [1] - The price increase is part of a broader "anti-involution" movement in the industry, which was discussed in a meeting held by the State Post Bureau on July 29, aimed at regulating "involutionary" competition among express companies [1] Group 2: Civil Aviation Industry - The civil aviation industry is also facing issues of "ticket price involution," prompting the Civil Aviation Administration to address excessive low pricing and overcapacity in the market [2] - Despite the ongoing efforts, there has not been a significant increase in ticket prices, with average domestic economy class ticket prices in July and August down 6.4% year-on-year and 8.6% compared to 2019 [2] - Some airlines are engaging in price undercutting by releasing low-priced tickets during off-peak times, leading to a competitive cycle of price reductions among carriers [3] Group 3: Challenges in Civil Aviation - The civil aviation sector faces greater challenges in combating "involution" compared to the express delivery industry, as there are 65 passenger airlines competing for market share, leading to overcapacity [4] - The value of airline licenses is high due to the lack of new airline approvals, which complicates the exit mechanism for underperforming airlines [4] - Airlines need to shift from a growth model based on capacity and resource input to one that focuses on meeting diverse passenger needs and innovating their service offerings [4]

Group 1 - The core issue of "price internal competition" in the express delivery and civil aviation industries has drawn attention from regulatory authorities, leading to calls for price stabilization and fair competition [2][3] - In the express delivery sector, companies like YTO Express, Yunda, and Shentong have reported an increase in single ticket revenue in August, reflecting the impact of recent price hikes initiated by various delivery networks [2] - The civil aviation industry is experiencing a similar trend, with the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) noting that excessive low pricing and capacity deployment have resulted in low profitability despite market growth [3][5] Group 2 - The CAAC is currently collecting data from airlines to assess cost structures on different routes, which will inform future regulations on market pricing and dynamic monitoring of ticket prices [3] - Airlines are reportedly engaging in price wars, with some offering low-priced tickets during off-peak times, leading to a cycle of price reductions among competitors [4] - The civil aviation sector faces greater challenges in curbing price competition compared to the express delivery industry, due to the presence of 65 passenger airlines competing for market share and the ongoing issue of excess capacity [5] Group 3 - There is a suggestion that establishing a mechanism for the exit of underperforming airlines could help alleviate price competition, as many airlines have been operating at a loss since the pandemic without exiting the market [5] - The value of airline licenses in China has increased due to the lack of new airline approvals, making it difficult for struggling airlines to exit the market [5] - Airlines need to shift from a growth model based on capacity and resource input to one that focuses on understanding diverse passenger needs and innovating their service offerings [5]

Core Viewpoint - The meeting led by Zhang Yuzhuo emphasized the importance of stabilizing electricity and coal prices, preventing "involution" competition, and enhancing the operational efficiency of central enterprises amid various risks and challenges faced this year [1][2]. Group 1 - Central enterprises are encouraged to maintain strategic focus and enhance the "five values" to support stability in employment, enterprises, markets, and expectations [2]. - The goal of "one increase, one stability, and four enhancements" is to be prioritized, with an emphasis on optimizing operational strategies and reducing costs to improve efficiency [2]. - Investment structures should be optimized, focusing on key areas such as supply chain strengthening, infrastructure construction, and energy resource security, while promoting digital and green upgrades [2]. Group 2 - Central enterprises are urged to resist "involution" competition and adopt a differentiated development and brand competition strategy, fostering industry self-discipline for sustainable development [2]. - There is a call for strengthening risk prevention measures, including the establishment of a regular risk monitoring and early warning mechanism to manage key business risks effectively [2].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in stabilizing electricity and coal prices, preventing "involution" competition, and enhancing economic performance amidst various risks and challenges [1][2] - Central enterprises are encouraged to focus on improving the "five values" to better support stability in employment, enterprises, markets, and expectations [2] - The meeting highlighted the need for SOEs to maintain strategic determination, optimize investment structures, and enhance operational efficiency through cost reduction and effectiveness improvement [2] Group 2 - Central enterprises are urged to resist "involution" competition and adopt a differentiated development and brand competition strategy, promoting healthy and sustainable industry development [2] - There is a strong emphasis on risk prevention, including the establishment of a regular risk monitoring and early warning mechanism to manage key business risks effectively [2]