（图片来源：摄图网） 11月16日，施普林格·自然(Springer Nature)发布的《自然》增刊自然指数-科研城市报告。其中，中国在全球 科研城市十强中首次占据六席，占比超过一半。 这些城市及其排名如下： 北京（第1位） 杭州（第10位） 这是中国城市在全球科研城市排名中首次占比超过半数，较2023年增加一席，也是该榜单自发布以来，中国 科研城市取得的历史性突破。 此次报告中，中国城市在化学、物理科学以及地球与环境科学三大领域持续领先，成绩斐然。化学领域全球 前十首次全部被中国城市包揽。另外两个领域中国各占六席，北京均居首位。 在生物科学领域，西方城市仍占据优势，纽约与波士顿分列前两位，北京位列第三，全国第一。 北京的科研优势集中在化学、物理、地球与环境科学等基础学科领域，同时在生物科学和健康医学领域也处 于全球前列，形成了基础研究与生命科学并重的科研格局。这种多元协同的科研生态，为前沿产业突破埋下 了关键伏笔。 上海（第2位） 南京（第5位） 广州（第6位） 武汉（第8位） 其中，化学、物理、材料科学等学科处于全球领先地位，恰是破解人形机器人核心技术瓶颈的金钥匙。轻量 化结构材料、精密伺服电机、柔性电 ...

Group 1 - The core idea of the discussions among the academicians is the need for China to transition from following international trends to leading in technological innovation, emphasizing the importance of breaking new ground in research and development [1][2][3] - The meeting highlighted the significance of integrating various scientific disciplines, such as mathematics and artificial intelligence, to address practical industrial needs and foster original research that can solve critical issues [1][2] - The academicians stressed the importance of a supportive environment for innovation, which includes a flexible evaluation system that tolerates failure and a societal respect for creative endeavors [2] Group 2 - The discussions underscored the necessity for researchers to maintain a long-term commitment to their work, akin to "ten years sharpening a sword," and to embrace challenges in unknown territories of science [2] - The meeting concluded with a call for the Chinese Academy of Sciences to align its actions with the central government's strategic decisions, focusing on high-level technological self-reliance and innovation [2] - The academicians expressed that drawing inspiration from traditional Chinese culture can enhance innovation confidence and help China secure a competitive edge in the global technological landscape [3]

Core Insights - The AIMS telescope, the world's first dedicated mid-infrared solar magnetic field observation device, has been officially launched, enhancing human observation capabilities of the sun [1][2] - The development of AIMS fills a significant gap in international solar magnetic field observation in the mid-infrared spectrum, supporting China's leading position in solar physics research [1][3] Group 1: Technological Advancements - AIMS aims to improve magnetic field measurement precision to better than 10 Gauss and has developed the world's first mid-infrared Fourier spectrometer with ultra-high spectral resolution, achieving a 156-fold increase in spectral resolution compared to previous domestic levels [3] - The project has made several key technological breakthroughs since its initiation in 2015, including advancements in polarization measurement technology, which required starting from scratch due to the lack of existing mid-infrared measurement devices [3][4] Group 2: Collaborative Efforts - The AIMS telescope's development involved a multi-disciplinary collaborative effort, with various research institutes contributing to different components, ensuring organized and efficient project execution [3][4] - The project emphasized top-level design from the outset, allowing for smooth integration of various components without design rework issues [4] Group 3: Site Selection and Local Support - The site for AIMS was carefully chosen based on specific requirements such as long sunlight duration, dry climate, and high altitude, with Qinghai's Seishiteng Mountain ultimately selected after evaluating five potential locations [5] - Local government support was crucial for the project's success, facilitating the transportation of equipment and ensuring the necessary infrastructure was developed in a timely manner [5] Group 4: Team Dynamics and Challenges - The project team, primarily composed of young researchers, faced significant challenges due to high-altitude conditions, yet demonstrated resilience and commitment to advancing the project despite difficult living conditions [6] - The team successfully identified and resolved issues related to low-temperature effects on optical performance, showcasing their problem-solving capabilities and dedication to the project's success [6]

"十五五"规划建议提出，"加强基础研究战略性、前瞻性、体系化布局，提高基础研究投入比重， 加大长期稳定支持。"支撑高水平科技自立自强的源头创新，离不开基础研究的突破。AIMS望远镜的建 成启用，填补了国际上中红外波段太阳磁场观测的空白，也为后续大型天文设备在高海拔地区的建设提 供了重要参考。 图①：图为AIMS望远镜所在的塔楼。图②：现场的工程师们看到第一幅光谱图时，难掩内心的喜悦。 图③：团队正在检测引导光学系统成像质量。图④：团队正在检测主镜安装复位精度。以上图片均为中 国科学院国家天文台提供 太阳，这颗距离地球最近的恒星，有诸多未解之谜待揭开。近日，全球首台中红外波段太阳磁场专 用观测设备（AIMS望远镜）正式启用，人类观测太阳又多了一双"慧眼"。 "从0到1"的探索，打开太阳观测新窗口 太阳大气是由磁场主导的巨大等离子体环境，提高太阳磁场观测精度，对太阳物理基础研究、空间 天气预报等都有十分重要的意义。中国科学院国家天文台研究员、AIMS项目负责人邓元勇介绍，"可以 说，磁场是太阳物理的第一观测量。" 过去，对太阳磁场的观测以分辨率为第一追求，对测量精度重视不够，国际上的大口径太阳望远镜 测量精度普遍 ...

太阳大气是由磁场主导的巨大等离子体环境，提高太阳磁场观测精度，对太阳物理基础研究、空间天气 预报等都有十分重要的意义。中国科学院国家天文台研究员、AIMS项目负责人邓元勇介绍，"可以说， 磁场是太阳物理的第一观测量。" 过去，对太阳磁场的观测以分辨率为第一追求，对测量精度重视不够，国际上的大口径太阳望远镜测量 精度普遍在100高斯量级。随着科学研究不断深入，学界逐渐认识到，太阳上的弱磁场研究同样重要， 只重视分辨率远远不够，不光要"看得更清"，还要"量得更准"。 "就像拍照片和拍X光片时看到的人体不同，在不同波段观测到的太阳磁场反映的物理过程也不一 样。"中国科学院国家天文台研究员、AIMS项目技术负责人王东光说，"AIMS望远镜就是要补上太阳磁 场观测在中红外波段缺失的一环。" "我们以精确的磁场测量为突破口，抢占中红外波段太阳磁场观测先机，确保我国在太阳物理前沿观测 阵地上的领先地位。"锚定目标抓紧干，邓元勇带领团队进行攻关。 本报记者 李君强 图①：图为AIMS望远镜所在的塔楼。 图②：现场的工程师们看到第一幅光谱图时，难掩内心的喜悦。 图③：团队正在检测引导光学系统成像质量。 图④：团队正在检测主镜安 ...

Core Insights - The AIMS telescope, the world's first dedicated instrument for observing solar magnetic fields in the mid-infrared spectrum, has been officially launched, enhancing human observation capabilities of the sun [1][2][3] Group 1: Technological Advancements - AIMS telescope aims to improve magnetic field measurement precision to better than 10 Gauss, with a Fourier spectrometer achieving a spectral resolution 156 times higher than previous domestic levels [3][4] - The project has made significant technological breakthroughs since its inception in 2015, including the development of the largest mid-infrared wave plate made from cadmium selenide [3][4] Group 2: Collaborative Efforts - The development of the AIMS telescope involved a multi-disciplinary approach with collaboration among various research institutes, ensuring smooth integration of different components [4][5] - The project emphasized top-level design and clear communication of technical requirements among participating organizations, which minimized design rework [4] Group 3: Site Selection and Local Support - The telescope's location in Qinghai's Se Shiteng Mountain was chosen for its optimal conditions for solar observation, including long sunlight hours and dry climate [5] - Local government support was crucial for the project's infrastructure development, including the use of helicopters for transporting equipment to the high-altitude site [5] Group 4: Team Dynamics and Challenges - The project team, primarily composed of young researchers, faced significant challenges due to high-altitude conditions, yet demonstrated resilience and commitment to advancing the project [6] - The team successfully identified and resolved issues related to low-temperature effects on optical performance, showcasing their problem-solving capabilities [6] Group 5: Future Directions - AIMS telescope has already collected valuable mid-infrared data on solar flares, contributing to the understanding of energy transfer mechanisms during solar eruptions [6] - The project aims to maintain and operate the telescope effectively while focusing on cutting-edge scientific research in solar physics [6]

构建更具全球竞争力的开放创新生态，提升源头创新供给能力，推动科技创新与产业创新互促双 强……"十四五"期间，广东坚持抢先一步、谋深一层，加快建设科技创新强省。 广东科创成绩单 ·"深圳—香港—广州"创新集群创新指数跃居全球第一 ·全省研发经费投入突破5100亿元，继续领跑全国 ·培育形成9个万亿级的产业集群，人工智能核心产业规模超2200亿元、约占全国1/3，数字经济规模居 全国首位 ·高价值发明专利拥有量以及高新技术企业数量均稳居全国第一 11月9日晚，熊熊燃烧的第十五届全国运动会圣火把广东奥林匹克中心的天空映照得一片辉煌。而点燃 这次全运圣火的"源火"，采自南海1522米深处，并通过引燃可燃冰的方式获取。这次深海取火、 燃"冰"成炬，既集中体现了我国深海科技实力，也是广东科技创新的生动写照。 突破可燃冰开采核心技术、研发我国首台国产商业场发射透视电镜、建成江门中微子实验大科学装 置……"十四五"规划以来，广东前沿成果绽放，创新活力涌动。广东加快建设粤港澳大湾区国际科技创 新中心，粤港澳三地创新要素加速流动。全省区域创新综合能力连续9年居全国第一，"深圳—香港—广 州"科技集群跃居全球创新指数第一位。全省研 ...

Core Insights - Shanghai is focusing on fundamental research, with an expected share of 11% of total R&D investment in 2024 [1] - The city is encouraging researchers to tackle world-class challenges, exemplified by projects like dark matter detection and brain-computer interfaces [1][11] - Shanghai's scientific community is actively engaging in national science projects, with 5,037 projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation in 2024, amounting to 3.426 billion yuan, a 2.7% increase from the previous year [1] Group 1: Dark Matter Research - The PandaX team has been exploring dark matter 2,400 meters underground for 16 years, utilizing a multi-ton liquid xenon detector [2][4] - Despite observing many new signals, the detection of dark matter remains elusive, with the team achieving a milestone in sensitivity by detecting solar neutrinos [4] Group 2: Brain-Computer Interface Development - Shanghai is a leading city in brain-computer interface technology, with a comprehensive R&D system covering invasive, semi-invasive, and non-invasive techniques [11] - A patient named Dong, who underwent a brain-computer interface surgery, has shown significant progress, now able to write after initially being able to drink water [11] - The city aims to establish a high-quality brain-control system and achieve clinical applications for semi-invasive interfaces by 2027, with a complete product line by 2030 [11][12] Group 3: Collaborative Research and Innovation - The research institute is fostering a collaborative environment, integrating various scientific disciplines and industry support for large-scale scientific projects [5][6] - Shanghai's "Explorer Program" encourages enterprises to increase investment in fundamental research, expanding from 2 to 12 collaborating companies since its inception [7] Group 4: Future Industry Development - Shanghai is not only focusing on fundamental research but also aims to develop disruptive technologies and establish future industry clusters [8] - The city is positioning itself as a hub for brain-computer interface innovation, with plans for a national-level industry development zone [9]

着眼于夯实平台梯队，完善创新体系，今年我市组织申报的3个江苏省重点实验室重组项目获省委 科技委批复，数量位居全省前列；成功获批建设江苏省概念验证中心（深远海新型能源装备领域），实 现了我市在该层级平台零的突破，为后续原始创新和成果转化提供了有力支撑。（记者 陈志奎 通讯员 马弋 应东昊） 我市还创新组织模式，突破重点领域。我市与省科技厅共同出资2000万元设立基础研究省市联合基 金。首个联合资助重点项目"碳纤维增强热塑复合材料激光原位连接机理研究"已获立项公示，支持经费 300万元，标志着我市在协同攻关重点基础科学问题方面取得突破。 2025年度国家自然科学基金和省自然科学基金项目评审结果陆续公布。记者近日从市科技部门获 悉，我市国家自然科学基金项目立项取得显著成效，共获公示项目230项，较去年同期增长8%，获经费 9372万元、增长5.3%；省自然科学基金项目也大有斩获，获立项108项、省经费3025万元，立项数和资 金数分别位居全省第三（较去年上升一位）和第四位，展现我市基础研究蓬勃发展的良好态势。 近年来，我市积极动员和组织各高校、科研院所及企事业单位系统，开展基础研究与前沿技术探 索，推动了国家自然科 ...

Core Points - The 2024 Beijing Science and Technology Awards recognized 38 scientists and 193 achievements, with over half of the awarded projects involving enterprises for six consecutive years [1] - Basic research achievements accounted for 29.5% of the total awards, indicating a further increase in this category [1] Group 1: Award Highlights - Notable winners include Professor Deng Hongkui from Peking University and researcher Dong Jin from Beijing Microchip Blockchain and Edge Computing Research Institute, both receiving the Outstanding Contribution Zhongguancun Award [1][2] - A total of 57 achievements received the Natural Science Award, including 15 first prizes and 42 second prizes; 24 achievements received the Technological Invention Award, with 6 first prizes and 18 second prizes; and 112 achievements received the Science and Technology Progress Award, including 29 first prizes and 83 second prizes [1] Group 2: Contributions of Enterprises - The project "Advanced Oxide Semiconductor Technology Research and Industrialization Application for Intelligent Display" won the first prize for Science and Technology Progress, showcasing the critical role of enterprises in technological innovation [3] - BOE Technology Group has been actively investing in research and development since 2011, focusing on core components and materials related to display technology, which has led to significant advancements in display resolution and energy efficiency [3] Group 3: Young Talent and Innovation - Over 50% of the awardees are young talents aged 45 and below, highlighting the strong innovative capabilities of younger scientists [5] - Liu Ying, a professor at Peking University, made significant breakthroughs in understanding how cells sense nutrients and energy states, contributing to the field of life sciences [5][6]