南共市与欧洲自贸联盟在里约热内卢签署自贸协定 中新社圣保罗9月16日电 (记者 林春茵)当地时间16日，巴西、阿根廷、巴拉圭和乌拉圭等南方共同市场 (MERCOSUL)创始成员国与瑞士、挪威等欧洲自由贸易联盟(EFTA)成员国在巴西里约热内卢正式签署 自由贸易协定(FTA)，将共建一个覆盖约3亿人口、经济总量超过4.3万亿美元的自贸区。 据南共市和欧盟自贸联盟当天联合发布的声明称，南共市—欧洲自贸联盟自贸协定涵盖货物贸易、服务 贸易、投资、知识产权、政府采购、竞争政策、原产地规则、贸易救济、动植物检疫、技术性贸易壁 垒、争端解决机制，及可持续发展等方面，改善双方97%以上出口产品的市场准入。这将推动双边贸 易，为各成员国企业和民众带来切实利益，尤其是中小企业将迎来更多商业机会。 南共市与欧洲自贸联盟首轮自贸谈判于2017年6月在阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯举行，至今共举行14轮自贸 谈判。2025年7月完成自贸协定谈判。 本文为转载内容，授权事宜请联系原著作权人 中新经纬版权所有，未经书面授权，任何单位及个人不得转载、摘编或以其它方式使用。 关注中新经纬微信公众号(微信搜索"中新经纬"或"jwview")，看更多精彩 ...

Group 1 - The United States is preparing to initiate the largest free trade agreement renegotiation, the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), with public consultations expected to begin within a month [1] - The USMCA includes a mandatory six-year review clause, and after the public consultation, the US government must hold at least one public hearing and submit a report to Congress by January 2026 [1][2] - The USMCA replaced the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and was touted as a key trade achievement during Trump's first term [1] Group 2 - Trump's administration previously imposed high tariffs on Canada and Mexico, citing drug smuggling issues, which disrupted the complex North American supply chains [2] - Despite exemptions for USMCA-compliant goods, significant trade activities between the US and its neighbors remain exposed to tariff risks [2] - Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney indicated that progress is being made in discussions with Trump regarding trade issues, although short-term agreements on tariff reductions are not expected [3] Group 3 - The US Trade Representative's office has not commented on the situation, while discussions between US Secretary of State Marco Rubio and Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum focused on cross-border security cooperation [3] - There is a belief that broader trade agreements will require consensus on security issues, which are critical to the US's anti-drug efforts [3] - Trump extended existing tariffs on Mexican goods for an additional 90 days, citing the complexity of reaching agreements with Mexico [4] Group 4 - The US Trade Representative's office highlighted other barriers in US-Mexico trade, including Mexico's energy policies favoring state-owned enterprises and insufficient copyright protections [5] - Mexico's Economy Minister Marcelo Ebrard acknowledged that the upcoming months will not be easy for the USMCA review, emphasizing the need for mutual cooperation to maintain competitiveness [5]

新华财经圣保罗9月4日电（记者杨家和）据巴西外交部消息，巴西政府认为意大利将在欧盟—南方共同 市场自由贸易协定能否在欧洲理事会获得通过方面发挥"关键性"作用。 该协定如在欧洲理事会获批，须获得至少15个成员国支持，且这些国家需占欧盟总人口65%以上。巴西 方面研判，尽管法国和波兰近期释放出一定善意信号，但由于两国农业游说势力强大，仍存在反对或弃 权的可能，两国合计占欧盟人口近24%。 巴西外交部消息人士表示，意大利人口占欧盟的13%以上，如若投反对票，协议将无法推进。不过，该 人士透露，尽管意大利政府面临本国农户的压力，但总理梅洛尼领导的政府对协定持积极态度。 巴西方面同时密切关注爱尔兰、奥地利、荷兰和比利时等国立场，这些较小成员国若形成合力，也可能 影响协定命运。 目前巴西的判断是，欧洲理事会只有在确保支持票数充足的情况下才会启动正式审议。欧盟委员会之所 以将协定提交理事会，正是因为其认为协定具有获得批准的可能性。至于欧洲议会层面，巴西方面预计 结果虽无明显优势，但多数通过的机会较大。 （文章来源：新华财经） ...

Group 1 - The European Commission has approved a free trade agreement with the Southern Common Market (Mercosur) countries to expand into the Latin American market and offset trade losses due to U.S. tariff policies [1][2] - The agreement, which has been in negotiation for over 20 years, aims to create a free trade area covering approximately 700 million people, with Mercosur committing to gradually eliminate tariffs on 91% of EU goods [1][2] - The EU estimates that if the agreement is implemented, annual exports to Mercosur could increase by up to €49 billion (approximately $57 billion) [1] Group 2 - The agreement requires approval from at least 15 of the 27 EU member states, representing over 65% of the population, as well as the European Parliament [2] - Some EU member states, particularly France and Poland, express concerns that the influx of cheap agricultural products from Mercosur could undermine local agriculture, prompting the EU to propose strong safeguard mechanisms [2] - The EU's support for the agreement is partly driven by the need to counteract trade losses caused by the current U.S. government's tariff policies [3]

转自：成都日报锦观 美对印惩罚性关税生效 印度多举措应对冲击 自美国政府宣布将对印度实施惩罚性关税以来，印度总理莫迪多次在公开讲话中表示，将捍卫本国利益。莫迪25日在古吉拉特邦艾哈迈达巴 德发表讲话强调，印度政府绝不会让小微企业主、农民和畜牧业者受到伤害。"无论压力多大，我们都将不断增强实力以应对压力。" 印度政府估计，美国关税将冲击价值482亿美元的印度出口。美国商务部数据显示，2024年，美印货物贸易规模约为1288亿美元，印度对美贸 易顺差为458亿美元。 总部位于新德里的智库全球贸易研究倡议组织创始人、印度前贸易官员阿贾伊·斯里瓦斯塔瓦表示，这一"战略性冲击"或导致印度主要出口地 区出现大规模失业，降低该国在全球价值链中的参与度。 印度政府承诺 提供财政援助 印度工程出口促进委员会主席潘卡杰·查达表示，为应对关税冲击，印度政府承诺在企业遭受经济损失时提供财政援助，包括加大对银行贷款 补贴的力度、支持产业多元化。此外，印度将促进对近50个国家和地区的出口，尤其是纺织品、食品加工品、皮革制品和海产品等的出口。 据印度媒体报道，印度政府正寻求与一些主要经济体达成自由贸易协定，以促进出口和实现出口市场多元化。 ...

Group 1 - The U.S. government has imposed a 25% punitive tariff on goods imported from India, effective from August 7, 2023, due to India's import of Russian oil, bringing the total tariff rate on Indian products to 50% [1] - The tariffs are expected to reduce India's economic growth by 0.8 percentage points this year and next year, according to Capital Economics [1] - The Indian government estimates that the U.S. tariffs will impact $48.2 billion worth of Indian exports, with a projected trade volume of $128.8 billion between the U.S. and India in 2024 [1] Group 2 - The Indian engineering export promotion council predicts that exports may decline by 20% to 30% due to the new tariffs, as U.S. customers have stopped placing new orders [1] - In response to the tariffs, the Indian government plans to provide financial assistance to affected businesses and promote exports to nearly 50 countries, focusing on textiles, food processing, leather goods, and seafood [1] - The Indian government is seeking free trade agreements with major economies to diversify export markets [2] Group 3 - The Reserve Bank of India is prepared to protect the economy from the impact of high U.S. tariffs, with potential actions to increase credit and liquidity [2] - Indian Prime Minister Modi has emphasized the government's commitment to safeguarding the interests of small businesses, farmers, and livestock owners amid the tariff pressures [2] - The next round of U.S.-India trade negotiations has been postponed due to the cancellation of a U.S. trade delegation's visit to India [2]

Group 1 - The meeting between Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov and Indian Foreign Minister Jaishankar aims to strengthen the strategic partnership between India and Russia, particularly in the energy sector [1][3] - India plans to increase trade with Russia by approximately 50% over the next five years, reaching around $100 billion, amidst rising tensions in India-US relations [3][4] - India remains committed to purchasing Russian oil based on its national interests, despite pressure from the US, which has imposed tariffs on Indian goods [4] Group 2 - The cooperation in oil and gas between India and Russia has yielded "good results," with intentions to develop joint energy production projects [3] - The defense and military technology cooperation between the two countries is at a high level, indicating a solid foundation for future collaboration [3] - India and the Eurasian Economic Union have initiated negotiations for a free trade agreement to explore new markets and address current trade challenges [4]

Core Points - The EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) came into effect on August 1, 2020, allowing over 70% of goods to be traded without tariffs, with plans to eliminate 99% of tariffs over time [1] - Since the agreement's implementation, bilateral trade has increased from $55.4 billion in 2020 to nearly $70 billion by the end of 2024 [1] - Vietnam's total exports to the EU have reached $270 billion, accounting for nearly 40% of the total trade volume between the two parties since 1995, making Vietnam the EU's largest trading partner in ASEAN and the 16th largest globally [1] - The EU is Vietnam's third-largest export market and fourth-largest source of imports [1]

Economic Performance - Cambodia's economy shows strong but uneven performance, with manufacturing and services growth driven by stable exports, particularly in garments and tourism[35] - Agricultural sector employment remains significant, supporting 3.1 million jobs, but its contribution to GDP growth is limited, only 0.2 percentage points in 2024[36] - Total rice production increased by 11.0% in 2024, but structural challenges persist, including reliance on weather conditions and price volatility[36] Trade and Investment - Exports to the US, especially garments, remain strong, with a year-on-year growth of 11.6% in Q1 2025, contributing significantly to consumer confidence[38] - Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows are primarily from China, accounting for 65.5% of total net FDI, while domestic investment approvals have sharply declined by 96.7% year-on-year[39][43] - Total goods exports reached $26.673 billion in 2024, with a significant contribution from the garment, travel goods, and footwear sectors[43] Inflation and Monetary Policy - Inflation rose to 3.7% in March 2025, driven mainly by food price increases, while broad money supply growth reached 19.0%[38] - The banking sector reported a non-performing loan (NPL) rate of 7.9% by the end of 2024, indicating deteriorating asset quality[40] Fiscal Policy and Public Debt - Central government revenue increased by 11.2% year-on-year in Q1 2025, primarily due to significant growth in VAT and non-tax revenues[40] - Public debt remains low at 25.9% of GDP as of the end of 2024, with a projected fiscal deficit of 2.7% of GDP for 2025[41] Social Impact and Inequality - Economic recovery has been uneven, with household consumption per capita growing by 8% from 2021 to 2023, but disparities exist between income groups[42] - The poorest 20% saw a 7% increase in consumption, while the wealthiest 20% experienced a 10% increase, highlighting income inequality[42]

Core Viewpoint - The recent trade agreement between the United States and South Korea has sparked significant domestic criticism in South Korea, with concerns over concessions made by the South Korean government [1][2]. Group 1: Agreement Details - The trade agreement includes a 15% tariff on South Korean products exported to the U.S., while U.S. products will not face tariffs in South Korea [1]. - South Korea is set to invest $350 billion in the U.S. and purchase $100 billion worth of liquefied natural gas and other energy products from the U.S. [1]. - South Korea will fully open its trade to the U.S. and accept U.S. agricultural products, including automobiles [1]. Group 2: Domestic Reactions - The largest opposition party in South Korea, the People Power Party, argues that the agreement has led to excessive concessions, potentially harming South Korea's interests [1]. - Experts have noted that despite the tariff levels being comparable to those faced by Japan and the EU, the agreement is still seen as detrimental to South Korea, which had expected lower tariffs under the existing free trade agreement [2]. - Concerns have been raised regarding the opening of South Korea's agricultural market, particularly in relation to rice and beef, where the South Korean government has sought to maintain restrictions due to food security concerns [1].