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冠通期货资讯早间报-20251103
Guan Tong Qi Huo· 2025-11-03 02:25
1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant information provided in the content. 2. Core Views of the Report The report presents a comprehensive overview of overnight market trends, important macro - economic and industry - specific news, and future economic data release schedules. It provides information on various sectors including commodities, finance, and industries, offering insights for potential investment decisions. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs Overnight Night - Market Trends - International precious metal futures generally closed lower, with COMEX gold futures down 0.06% at $4013.40 per ounce, down 3.01% for the week and up 3.62% in October; COMEX silver futures down 0.75% at $48.25 per ounce, down 0.69% for the week and up 3.45% in October [5] - U.S. oil and Brent crude oil futures had mixed results, with U.S. oil up 0.51% at $60.88 per barrel, down 1.01% for the week and down 1.64% in October; Brent crude up 0.33% at $64.58 per barrel, down 0.95% for the week and down 1.15% in October [6] - London base metals mostly rose, with LME tin up 1.08% at $36180.00 per ton, up 1.06% for the week; LME aluminum up 0.86% at $2888.00 per ton, up 1.01% for the week; etc. [6] - As of the close on October 31 at 23:00, domestic futures contracts showed mixed results, with low - sulfur fuel oil (LU) and rapeseed meal up over 1%, and soda ash, BR rubber, methanol down over 2% [8] Important Information Macro - Information - China's manufacturing PMI in October was 49.0%, down 0.8 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a decline in manufacturing prosperity [10] - The U.S. Treasury Secretary said that the China - U.S. trade agreement could be signed as early as next week, and the Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson mentioned cooperation discussions during the leaders' meeting [10] - Shanghai export container freight indices showed an increase as of October 31 [10] - China's National Development and Reform Commission emphasized boosting consumer spending during the "15th Five - Year Plan" period [10] - The State Council executive meeting chaired by Li Qiang focused on deepening key - area reforms and opening up [11] - Some Fed officials opposed further interest - rate cuts in December [13] - China Futures Association issued the "Rules for the Management of Futures Market - Making Transactions" [13] - U.S. may provide long - range Tomahawk missiles to Ukraine [13] - Chinese President Xi Jinping attended the APEC meeting and announced the hosting of the 33rd APEC leaders' meeting in Shenzhen next year [14] - Chinese Commerce Minister Wang Wentao met with Canadian officials to discuss economic and trade relations [14] Energy and Chemical Futures - Thailand's natural rubber exports in the first three quarters of 2025 decreased by 8% year - on - year, with different trends for different types of rubber; exports to China increased by 6% [17] - Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange cancelled the designated p - xylene delivery warehouse qualification of Jiangsu Sanfangxiang International Storage Co., Ltd. [18] - U.S. President Trump denied plans to strike military targets in Venezuela [19] - Some OPEC + members may agree to increase production by 137,000 barrels per day in December, but a suspension of production increase is also possible [19] Metal Futures - China Non - Ferrous Metals Industry Association proposed setting a production ceiling for copper, lead, zinc, etc. [21] - Last week, copper inventory increased by 11,348 tons, aluminum inventory decreased by 4,594 tons, etc. in Shanghai Futures Exchange [22] - As of October 31, the market average price of polysilicon was 50 yuan per kilogram, with a profit of 10.4 yuan per kilogram [23] - Morgan Stanley expects gold prices to reach $4500 per ounce by mid - 2026 [25] - New tax policies for gold were announced by the Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration [25] Black - Series Futures - As of October 27, national power plants had 220 million tons of coal in storage, and underground gas storage completed injection tasks [27] - Tangshan lifted the heavy - pollution weather emergency response [27] - The steel industry PMI in October was 49.2%, up 1.5 percentage points month - on - month [27] - China's steel production in the first three quarters decreased by 2.9% year - on - year, and is expected to continue to decline for the whole year [29] - Iron ore inventories at ports increased, and blast furnace operating rates decreased [29] Agricultural Product Futures - Indonesia set the reference price for crude palm oil in November at $963.75 per ton, with export taxes unchanged [31] - A hearing on the anti - dumping case of pork and pork by - products was held [31] - Dalian Commodity Exchange will list soybean meal and corn options contracts starting from February 2, 2026 [32] - Canada's rapeseed exports increased by 25.4% in the week ending October 26 [33] - Malaysia's palm oil exports increased in October [35][36] - Pig - raising profits improved but still showed losses [35] Financial Market Finance - After the Shanghai Composite Index reached 4000 points, A - share markets adjusted last week. Institutions suggest investors focus on low - valued and undervalued sectors [38] - As of October 31, domestic listed companies' performance in the first three quarters was positive, with revenue and profit growth [38] - Many funds adjusted their benchmarks, and a draft guideline for public - fund benchmarks was issued [40] - Some foreign - funded public funds performed well this year, and fund managers are optimistic about the fourth - quarter A - share market [40] - Foreign institutions actively surveyed A - share companies in October [41] - Insurance institutions increased their A - share holdings, with a large proportion in the financial and manufacturing sectors [41] - More listed companies announced cash - dividend plans, and the total cash - dividend amount was large [41] - Shanghai Suyuan Technology Co., Ltd. started the listing - guidance process [42] - CITIC Securities believes there are still structural opportunities in the A - share market and suggests investment in specific directions [44] - Brokerages' November gold - stock lists are concentrated in certain sectors, and the market is expected to rise [44] Industry - New - energy vehicle retail sales in October are expected to reach 1.32 million, with a penetration rate of about 60%. Some car - makers had high delivery volumes [45] - Hainan adjusted its car - scrap and replacement subsidy policy [45] - Shenzhen's property market cooled in October, with lower new - and second - hand housing sales [45] - A villa in Shenzhen was auctioned at a high price [46] - Liquor prices continued to decline, and e - commerce promotions were more subdued [47] Overseas - The U.S. federal government's "shutdown" has lasted 32 days, and it may last until late November [48] - U.S. Treasury Secretary suggested Fed rate cuts and mentioned no tariff on Canada [48] - Fed officials have different views on December interest - rate cuts, and the probability of a 25 - basis - point cut has decreased [48] International Stock Markets - U.S. stock trading hours will be postponed by 1 hour starting from November 3 due to winter time, and economic data release times will also be postponed [50] Commodities - New tax policies for gold were announced, which are expected to improve the market environment [51] - OPEC + agreed to increase production in December and suspend production increase in the first quarter of next year [52] Bonds - Shanxi Province issued 2.373 billion yuan of government bonds through Beijing Stock Exchange, with an average interest rate of 2.02% [53] Economic Data Release Schedule - Various economic data such as China's October S&P manufacturing PMI, Switzerland's October CPI, etc. will be released at different times [56] Events Schedule - There are events such as the expiration of China's central - bank reverse - repurchase operations, speeches by central - bank officials, and international meetings [58] Market Closure Information - Tokyo Stock Exchange was closed due to Culture Day [60]
十大券商看后市|A股慢涨行情有望延续,结构性机会仍存
Xin Lang Cai Jing· 2025-11-03 01:44
Group 1 - The A-share market is expected to continue a slow rising trend due to multiple favorable factors, including the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the commencement of the Federal Reserve's interest rate cut cycle [11][12][13] - Current index levels are considered to have better quality compared to 2015, with significantly lower valuation levels, suggesting that excessive focus on index points is unnecessary [3][11] - The market is entering a period of performance and policy vacuum after the third quarter reports, which may lead to a phase of consolidation [8][14] Group 2 - Short-term market movements are characterized by narrow fluctuations, with the technology growth sector losing some attractiveness, necessitating a wait for upward breakout factors [4][15] - Fund holdings have shifted, with a notable increase in electronic sector allocations, indicating a potential for structural adjustments in the market [6][7] - The market is expected to maintain a balanced configuration, with a focus on sectors like brokerage, steel, and consumer goods, transitioning from a "technology-first" approach to a more "balanced" allocation style [14][15] Group 3 - The upcoming months are anticipated to be a period of consolidation, with a focus on new industry trends such as commercial aerospace, AI applications, and innovative pharmaceuticals [8][10] - The market's performance is likely to be influenced by the economic recovery and the gradual improvement of demand-side conditions, particularly in sectors like energy storage [4][10] - The overall market sentiment is expected to remain stable, with a potential for structural opportunities in high-growth sectors [9][16]
电池和光伏主题ETF爆发 宽基ETF“吸金”
Zhong Guo Zheng Quan Bao· 2025-11-02 20:16
Group 1 - The Nikkei 225 ETF recorded a significant monthly increase of 21.72%, leading the performance among ETFs in October, with several other cross-border ETFs also showing gains exceeding 10% [2] - In the A-share market, battery and photovoltaic-themed ETFs showed strong performance, with weekly increases of over 7% for products like the Jia Shi Battery ETF and the Photovoltaic Leader ETF [2][3] - The technology sector experienced a pullback, with the Sci-Tech Chip Design ETF and several others declining by more than 5% during the week of October 27 to 31 [2][3] Group 2 - During the week of October 27 to 31, the CSI 300 ETF saw the highest net inflow of funds, amounting to 5.893 billion yuan, while other broad-based ETFs like the Sci-Tech 50 ETF and A500 ETF also attracted over 2 billion yuan each [3] - The Sci-Tech Bond ETFs continued to attract significant capital, with the Tianhong and Taikang Sci-Tech Bond ETFs leading in net inflows during the same period [3] - Conversely, gold-related ETFs experienced substantial net outflows, with several products losing over 1 billion yuan [3] Group 3 - The average daily trading volume for several ETFs, including the Hong Kong Securities ETF and various Sci-Tech Bond ETFs, exceeded 10 billion yuan during the week of October 27 to 31 [4] - The market outlook suggests a potential continuation of a fluctuating upward trend, driven by favorable policy environments and capital market conditions, particularly in sectors like AI, new energy, and innovative pharmaceuticals [4][5] - The market is expected to undergo wide fluctuations to alleviate capital pressure, with a balanced style becoming more likely as the domestic policy framework becomes clearer [5]
关键时刻,最新研判!
中国基金报· 2025-11-02 15:13
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent rise of the Shanghai Composite Index (SHCI) above 4000 points, driven by a recovery in market confidence, structural changes in the economy, and the potential for a new "healthy slow bull" market to emerge [1][2]. Market Drivers - The primary driver for the recent market rise is the restoration of confidence in the capital market, supported by favorable policies and improved corporate earnings, particularly in high-growth sectors [19][20]. - Liquidity improvement and industry logic, particularly in technology sectors like AI and renewable energy, have also contributed to the market's strength [21][22]. - The market is experiencing a structural recovery, with a shift from valuation-driven growth to profit-driven growth as earnings reports improve [22][23]. Sources of Incremental Capital - Incremental capital is primarily coming from long-term institutional funds, insurance, social security, and the transfer of household savings into equity markets [24][25]. - The current funding structure is healthier compared to previous years, with a significant increase in the proportion of long-term patient capital [30][31]. Main Investment Themes - The technology growth sector remains the main investment theme, with AI expected to be a significant opportunity over the next 3-5 years [32][34]. - There is an expectation of a balanced market style, with potential shifts between growth and value stocks as the market evolves [37]. Policy Impact - The "policy combination" has played a crucial role in stabilizing market expectations and boosting investor confidence, which is essential for the current market rally [38][39]. - Continuous and coordinated policy efforts have successfully managed market expectations and supported the recovery of investor confidence [41][42]. Potential Risks - The primary risk identified is the possibility of global macroeconomic growth falling short of expectations, which could impact corporate earnings [45][46]. - High valuation sectors may face risks if earnings do not meet market expectations, leading to potential corrections [49][50]. Investment Strategy Adjustments - Investment strategies should focus on managing volatility and selecting stocks with strong fundamentals, rather than chasing high-flying stocks [52][53]. - A shift towards optimizing portfolio structure is recommended, balancing defensive and growth positions while avoiding overcrowded trades [54]. Conditions for a "Healthy Slow Bull" Market - Conditions for a new "healthy slow bull" market are in place, including stable blue-chip stocks, strong long-term capital inflows, and a favorable environment for emerging industries [55][56]. - The market is establishing a foundation for a structural slow bull market, characterized by stable funding, supportive policies, and improved fundamentals [57].
机构最新研判!市场轮动或加速
Zhong Guo Zheng Quan Bao· 2025-11-02 14:45
Market Overview - The A-share market experienced fluctuations after the Shanghai Composite Index surpassed the 4000-point mark, with expectations of accelerated market rotation in November, favoring technology growth sectors while maintaining a more balanced approach compared to Q3 [1] - Institutions suggest investors begin to position in undervalued sectors with expected profit recovery, while continuing to explore opportunities in technology growth based on economic outlook [1] Tax Policy Impact - The Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration announced tax policies regarding gold sales, stating that taxpayers not using the Shanghai Gold Exchange or Shanghai Futures Exchange must pay VAT according to existing regulations, while transactions through these exchanges are exempt from VAT [2] Fund Performance Guidelines - The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) released a draft for public consultation on performance benchmarks for publicly offered securities investment funds, aiming to enhance the regulatory framework for fund managers and establish a performance benchmark element library [3] State-Owned Enterprise Reform - The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) emphasized the need for high-quality completion of state-owned enterprise reform and risk management, focusing on safety and stability to support high-quality development [4] Investment Outlook - China Galaxy Securities indicated that macro policies are expected to strengthen, creating a favorable environment for the A-share market, with a positive trend expected to continue despite short-term fluctuations [5] - Industrial Securities proposed two strategies for year-end positioning: focusing on technology growth while exploring cyclical sectors benefiting from economic recovery [6] - GF Securities advised against frequent style switching in November, recommending initial positions in undervalued sectors with profit recovery potential and maintaining focus on high-growth sectors [7] Sector-Specific Insights - Investment in leading consumer stocks is seen as having a favorable risk-return profile, especially as the market adjusts to previous gains in technology and metals sectors [9] - Q4 is expected to see continued interest in humanoid robots and dividend-paying sectors, with confidence in the performance of companies with strong fundamentals and clear industry trends [9] - The internet giants are anticipated to benefit from the ongoing AI wave, leveraging their financial strength and technological capabilities to enhance their business fundamentals [9]
4000点之后,A股怎么走?最新解读来了!
Zhong Guo Ji Jin Bao· 2025-11-02 14:32
Group 1: Market Overview - The A-share market is currently at a critical point after surpassing 4000 points, with various brokerages providing insights on future trends and strategies [9] - The State Council is focusing on deepening reforms and expanding institutional openness, which may influence market dynamics [1] Group 2: U.S.-China Trade Relations - The U.S. Treasury Secretary indicated that a U.S.-China trade agreement could be signed as early as next week, with China expressing a willingness to enhance cooperation in economic and trade relations [2] Group 3: Semiconductor Industry - The Ministry of Commerce stated that it will consider exemptions for exports related to Anshi Semiconductor, highlighting the impact of external interventions on global supply chains [3] Group 4: Fund Management Regulations - A draft guideline for public fund performance benchmarks has been released, emphasizing the responsibility of fund managers and introducing five key requirements for performance evaluation and accountability [4] Group 5: Gold Tax Policy - The Ministry of Finance announced a tax policy for gold transactions, exempting value-added tax for certain transactions, which may affect trading dynamics in the gold market [5] Group 6: Company Financials - Cambricon Technologies is facing a lawsuit from a former key technical staff member claiming compensation for stock incentive losses amounting to 4.287 billion yuan, which could have implications for the company's financial health [6] - Berkshire Hathaway reported a net profit of $30.796 billion for Q3 2025, exceeding market expectations, with a cash reserve reaching $381.67 billion [7] - Vanke has secured a loan framework agreement with Shenzhen Metro Group for up to 22 billion yuan, which may enhance its liquidity position [8] Group 7: Brokerage Insights - Citic Securities suggests focusing on structural opportunities in traditional manufacturing, overseas expansion, and AI sectors, while being cautious about market timing [10] - Cinda Securities emphasizes the importance of fund allocation strategies in bull markets, noting historical patterns of fund over-allocation to leading sectors [16] - Galaxy Securities highlights the positive outlook for the A-share market due to favorable macro policies and resilient corporate earnings, despite a potential short-term adjustment phase [17]
4000点之后,A股怎么走?最新解读来了!
中国基金报· 2025-11-02 13:49
Key Points - The article discusses the outlook for A-shares after surpassing the 4000-point mark, summarizing major events and insights from ten securities firms for investment reference [2] Major Events - The State Council held a meeting to deepen reforms in key areas and expand institutional openness, focusing on enhancing market access and optimizing regulatory systems [3] - The U.S. Treasury Secretary indicated that a U.S.-China trade agreement could be signed soon, with China expressing a willingness to cooperate on economic issues [4] - The Ministry of Commerce addressed concerns regarding ASML Semiconductor, emphasizing support for companies facing difficulties and potential export exemptions [5][6] - A draft guideline for public fund performance benchmarks was released, outlining five key requirements for fund managers to enhance accountability and performance monitoring [7] Securities Firms' Insights - **CITIC Securities**: Emphasizes that the current index level is more favorable than in 2015, suggesting focus on structural opportunities in traditional manufacturing, overseas expansion, and AI [14] - **CITIC Construction Investment**: Warns of potential market adjustments after a surge in sentiment, recommending caution in increasing positions and focusing on sectors like coal, oil, and new energy [15] - **Shenwan Hongyuan**: Notes that the market is in a narrow fluctuation phase, with technology stocks losing attractiveness, and suggests that future upward movements may rely on tech growth [16] - **Guotai Junan**: Highlights the need for rebalancing in the market, with opportunities emerging beyond AI as GDP growth outpaces corporate earnings [18] - **Dongfang Caifu**: Predicts active theme investments in November, with a focus on sectors expected to see growth in the coming year [19] - **Xinda Strategy**: Analyzes the impact of fund allocation on market trends, noting that accelerated allocation often coincides with market volatility [20] - **Galaxy Strategy**: Points to positive external and domestic factors supporting market stability, with a focus on high-quality development and technological self-reliance [21] - **Xingzheng Strategy**: Discusses the importance of valuation adjustments based on next year's economic expectations, suggesting a shift in investor focus [22][23] - **Zheshang Strategy**: Observes market divergence post-4000-point breakthrough, recommending a balanced approach to sector allocation [24] - **Guangfa Securities**: Describes November as a period where market movements are less correlated with current fundamentals, suggesting a focus on undervalued sectors with recovery potential [25]
10年6倍的长江电力:为什么缺席了本轮牛市?
Ge Long Hui A P P· 2025-11-01 09:51
Core Viewpoint - The performance of Changjiang Electric Power has been underwhelming in the current bull market, despite the overall A-share market rising nearly 20% this year, indicating a shift in market dynamics and investor sentiment towards growth sectors over traditional dividend stocks [1][10]. Group 1: Company Performance and Historical Context - From July 2014 to July 2024, Changjiang Electric Power's stock price increased approximately 650%, with a market capitalization ranking it 11th in A-shares [3]. - The company operates six major hydropower stations, including the Three Gorges and Gezhouba, benefiting from a high barrier to entry and a stable revenue model due to the renewable nature of water resources [3][4]. - Revenue grew from 24.2 billion yuan to 84.5 billion yuan from 2015 to 2024, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 13%, while net profit increased from 11.5 billion yuan to 32.5 billion yuan, with a CAGR of approximately 11% [4]. Group 2: Recent Performance and Market Dynamics - In the first half of this year, the company reported a 5% increase in revenue and nearly 15% growth in net profit, primarily due to favorable upstream water conditions [7]. - The valuation of Changjiang Electric Power rose from around 10 times earnings in 2014 to nearly 30 times in 2024, reflecting a significant increase in market preference for defensive stocks during periods of economic uncertainty [8][9]. Group 3: Challenges and Future Outlook - Since July 2024, the stock price has stagnated, with only a 2% increase despite a broader market rally, indicating a shift in the underlying growth expectations and valuation sustainability [10][11]. - The anticipated growth in earnings has weakened, as there are no new power stations to be integrated into the company, leading to a potential valuation bubble that may require correction [11]. - The ongoing market reforms in the electricity sector pose risks of downward pressure on electricity prices, which have historically shown cyclical behavior [12]. - The market sentiment has shifted from dividend-paying stocks to growth-oriented sectors, which may continue to influence investor behavior and stock performance in the near future [16][20].
10年6倍的长江电力:为什么缺席了本轮牛市?
格隆汇APP· 2025-11-01 09:37
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the underperformance of Changjiang Electric Power in the context of a bullish A-share market, highlighting the reasons behind its stagnant stock price despite a strong historical performance [2][4][16]. Group 1: Company Performance - Changjiang Electric Power has seen a cumulative increase of approximately 650% from July 2014 to July 2024, with minimal volatility during this period [5]. - The company's revenue grew from 24.2 billion to 84.5 billion yuan, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 13%, while net profit increased from 11.5 billion to 32.5 billion yuan, with a CAGR of around 11% [7]. - In the first half of this year, the company reported a 5% increase in revenue and nearly 15% growth in net profit, primarily due to favorable upstream water conditions [10]. Group 2: Market Position and Valuation - The business model of Changjiang Electric Power is considered superior due to its ownership of six large hydropower stations, which are less affected by commodity price fluctuations compared to thermal power [6]. - The valuation of Changjiang Electric Power has increased significantly, from around 10 times earnings in 2014 to nearly 30 times at its peak, reflecting its status as a defensive dividend stock during market downturns [12][14]. - The company has maintained a high dividend payout ratio of over 70%, making it attractive to institutional investors [14]. Group 3: Changing Market Dynamics - Since July 2024, the stock price of Changjiang Electric Power has stagnated, with only a 2% increase despite a broader market rally [16]. - The expectations for continuous earnings growth have weakened, as there are no new power stations to be injected into the company, leading to a potential valuation bubble [18]. - The ongoing market reforms in the electricity sector pose a risk of declining electricity prices, which could impact the company's profitability [19]. Group 4: Shift in Market Style - The market style has shifted from dividend-focused stocks to growth-oriented sectors, driven by macroeconomic policies aimed at stimulating the economy [20][23]. - The recent economic policies have led to a transition in market leadership from defensive sectors like electricity to technology and growth stocks, which may continue in the current bull market [24][30]. - The article suggests that the previous strong performance of dividend stocks may not be sustainable, and investors should consider viewing Changjiang Electric Power as a long-term low-risk investment with stable dividends rather than expecting significant capital appreciation [30].
10月30日,赶紧将冷冻股换成冬眠股,散户们一起来看看
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-10-31 03:09
Group 1 - The meeting between the leaders of China and the U.S. in Busan on October 30 aims to discuss bilateral relations and common concerns, which may alleviate trade tensions and enhance market risk appetite [1] - The A-share market is experiencing fluctuations around the 4000-point mark, with a daily trading volume exceeding 2.2 trillion yuan, indicating significant stock divergence despite overall index movements [1][8] - "Frozen stocks" are characterized by extremely low trading volumes and long-term turnover rates below industry averages, with a net outflow of 618 million yuan from major funds, suggesting a lack of interest from large investors [1][10] Group 2 - "Hibernating stocks" are primarily found in high-tech, advanced manufacturing, and new energy sectors, showing continuous growth in revenue and net profit, even as their price-to-earnings ratios decrease due to rising earnings [3][4] - The rise in global capital risk appetite provides external support for quality assets in the A-share market, which has a total market value of over 10 trillion USD, highlighting the growth potential of quality companies [4][12] - The shift from "frozen stocks" to "hibernating stocks" is not merely a matter of cutting losses; many investors are reluctant to sell underperforming stocks, but holding onto them without fundamental support is unlikely to yield positive results [6][18] Group 3 - Recent data indicates that institutional funds are reallocating from traditional industries to technology growth sectors, with margin financing balances continuing to rise, reflecting a preference for more elastic investment options [6][12] - The upcoming U.S. Federal Reserve meeting on December 9-10 may lead to further interest rate cuts, which could enhance the valuation ceiling for growth stocks [6][16] - The A-share market has over 5,000 listed companies, but only a small fraction is worth holding long-term, emphasizing the need for investors to focus on core assets and abandon underperforming stocks [12][14] Group 4 - The recent high trading volume in the A-share market indicates active capital searching for new directions, although it is concentrated in a few popular sectors [8][14] - "Hibernating stocks" tend to have high institutional ownership, with long-term funds like social security and insurance willing to hold them, providing price support [14][18] - Investors should avoid blindly chasing high prices and instead wait for technical pullbacks in "hibernating stocks" to enter positions gradually, which can help lower acquisition costs [10][16]