中新社北京7月30日电 中新社记者 王恩博 中国"十四五"规划将于今年底收官，下半年经济走势如何，既关乎完成全年发展目标，也关乎为又 一个五年画上圆满句号。 中共中央政治局7月30日召开会议，分析研究当前经济形势和经济工作，传递多重有力信号。 ——经济顶压前行展现活力 在今年二季度以来国际形势急剧变化、外部压力明显加大的情况下，中国经济表现好于预期。 除了上半年5.3%的国内生产总值(GDP)增速快于去年同期和全年，人流、物流、资金流都在改善。 一个突出例子是，上半年中国市场销售环比逐季增长，社会消费品零售总额达24.55万亿元人民 币，52%的经济增长由消费这架"主引擎"贡献。 政治局会议对此给予肯定，认为中国经济"展现强大活力和韧性"。会议提醒，要"用好发展机遇、 潜力和优势，巩固拓展经济回升向好势头"。 国家信息中心经济预测部产业经济研究室主任魏琪嘉分析称，中国经济的体量、韧性以及产业领域 积累的深厚基础、关联关系等，是当前经济稳健运行的强有力保障。加之经营主体的能力和本领在市场 竞争中不断提高，积极应变能力增强，共同助力中国经济在政策推动下稳中有进。 ——宏观政策持续发力、适时加力 这种广受市场认可的 ...

Group 1 - The meeting emphasized the importance of maintaining policy continuity and stability while enhancing flexibility and foresight to achieve economic goals for the year [2][3] - The macroeconomic policy will focus on stabilizing employment, enterprises, markets, and expectations, with a strong emphasis on the livelihood orientation of policies [2][3] - There is a need to boost consumer confidence and continue implementing special actions to stimulate consumption, as the recovery of the consumption market still requires solid foundations [2][3] Group 2 - The meeting highlighted the importance of expanding service consumption as a new growth point while also increasing commodity consumption [3][4] - Service consumption is seen as a key driver for improving livelihoods and promoting consumption industry upgrades, which will help achieve a rapid growth in overall consumption [3][4] - The construction of a unified national market is essential for building a new development pattern and promoting high-quality development [4][5] Group 3 - The meeting called for specific arrangements to deepen the construction of a unified national market, optimizing market competition order and regulating chaotic competition among enterprises [4][5] - There is a focus on controlling new production capacity and optimizing existing capacity in industries facing severe competition, as well as regulating local government investment behaviors [5] - Strengthening the role of price regulation and quality standards is crucial for allowing high-quality products to thrive in the market [5]

近期，在经济平稳运行、股债"跷跷板"效应及资金面波动等因素的综合影响下，国债期货明显回调。短 期债市仍面临走弱压力，需警惕长债、超长债的价格波动风险。 经济运行总体平稳 2025年上半年，在复杂多变的国内外环境中，经济整体表现稳健。实际GDP累计同比增长5.3%，其中 一季度当季增长5.4%，二季度当季增长5.2%，为全年实现5.0%左右的增速目标奠定了较好基础。 2025年上半年，规模以上工业增加值同比增长6.4%，表现超预期向好，主要得益于全球经济景气度回 升、中美关税缓冲期下的"抢出口"及转口贸易增长等因素。6月单月，工业增加值同比增速较上月加快1 个百分点，至6.8%。5月中旬中美达成多项积极共识后，6月出口金额同比增长5.8%，较5月提高1个百 分点。随着关税争端缓和，对美出口显著放量，带动工业增加值同步大幅增长。 2025年上半年，固定资产投资增速有所回落。6月单月，固定资产投资同比增速较5月下行0.1个百分 点，至-0.1%，为2022年以来首次单月负增长，三大行业同步走弱。其中，房地产开发投资同比降幅扩 大0.9个百分点，至12.9%；制造业投资与广义基建投资同比增速分别较5月下行3.4和5个 ...

Core Viewpoint - China's foreign trade showed resilience in the first half of the year, with a total import and export value of 21.79 trillion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 2.9% despite global economic challenges and rising trade protectionism [1] Group 1: Trade Performance - The export of high-end equipment increased by over 20%, and the export of "new three samples" products accelerated [1] - Trade with over 190 countries and regions experienced growth, indicating a broadening of trade partnerships [1] Group 2: Strategic Focus - Emphasis on enhancing hard power through quality supply to boost foreign trade development [1] - Transitioning from price and cost advantages to technological comparative advantages, highlighting the increasing value of "Made in China" [1] - Focus on high-end, intelligent, and green transformation trends in industries to improve the added value and technological content of export products [1] Group 3: Market Expansion - The need to explore new markets while consolidating traditional ones to mitigate risks from market fluctuations [2] - Importance of capturing diverse consumer demands and providing customized products to adapt to changing international market conditions [2] Group 4: Collaborative Networks - Deep integration into global supply chains and sharing development opportunities with other countries through various sectors, such as textiles and agriculture [2] - The establishment of a unified national market in China is expected to provide new opportunities for global trade [2] Group 5: Competitive Advantage - China's comprehensive competitive advantage in foreign trade remains solid, with a focus on maintaining strategic determination and stimulating potential vitality [2] - The steady progress of China's foreign trade is anticipated to inject stronger momentum into the country's economic development and contribute to global trade growth [2]

Group 1 - The meeting emphasized that the "14th Five-Year Plan" is crucial for achieving socialist modernization and that the upcoming "15th Five-Year Plan" will focus on consolidating foundations and comprehensive development [1][2] - The economic indicators for the first half of the year showed a GDP growth of 5.3%, leading to an upward revision of China's economic growth forecast by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) [2] - The meeting highlighted the need for flexible and anticipatory macroeconomic policies to address potential challenges while seizing development opportunities [2][3] Group 2 - The focus on addressing "involution" in industries, particularly in the automotive sector, indicates a shift towards regulated competition and the promotion of consumer confidence [3][4] - The meeting called for effective measures to unleash domestic demand, particularly through initiatives to boost consumption and develop new growth points in service consumption [5] - Specific actions were proposed to support foreign trade enterprises, enhance the attractiveness of domestic capital markets, and stabilize the real estate market through urban renewal efforts [6]

在评价办法方面，国家发展改革委会同有关部门，建立突出基金投向政策取向评价、覆盖基金运营管理 全流程、定量和定性相结合的评价指标体系，并根据党中央、国务院最新要求和宏观政策最新取向等动 态调整。评价指标主要包括三方面：一是政策取向符合性指标，主要评价基金投向对重点产业、新质生 产力、科技创新、全国统一大市场建设、绿色发展、民生就业、创业投资等的支持情况；二是投向布局 优化指标，主要评价基金对国家区域战略的落实情况、与省级重点投资领域清单的契合度和产生有效利 用情况；三是政策执行能力指标，主要评价资金效能和基金管理人投资水平。 同时，基金评价设置投向领域负面行为清单。对于出现清单内负面行为的基金，当年度不予开展投向评 价，并采取适当约束措施。管理办法印发前已设立的政府投资基金投向领域不符合工作指引要求的，原 则上存续期满后应有序退出，同时在保障经营主体合法权益、维护市场秩序的前提下，鼓励推动相关基 金整合重组。 （上接1版） 《管理办法》明确，突出激励约束，推动优化产业布局、强化产业调控。以引导政府投资基金投向或退 出国家鼓励或调控限制的产业领域，有保有压加强和优化产业调控。严防地方政府通过政府投资基金变 相补贴 ...

Economic Outlook - The Politburo meeting on July 30 emphasized the strong vitality and resilience of the economy in the first half of the year, while urging caution for the second half[2] - The focus for the "14th Five-Year Plan" is expected to be on actively expanding domestic demand and responding to external changes, particularly in manufacturing investment and service consumption[2][3] Policy Direction - The macro policy will continue to exert force and adapt as necessary, with a key emphasis on effectively releasing policy effects and potential for domestic demand[3][4] - Fiscal policy will prioritize the implementation of existing policies, focusing on quality rather than quantity, to enhance the fiscal multiplier effect[4] Fiscal and Monetary Measures - The issuance of special bonds and ultra-long-term treasury bonds is expected to maintain a certain intensity in Q3, with a focus on consumption and investment[4] - There is a higher probability of interest rate cuts and reserve requirement ratio reductions in Q4 compared to Q3, given the economic pressures[5] Domestic Demand and Investment - The meeting highlighted the importance of effectively releasing domestic demand potential, with a focus on service consumption growth and investment in urban renewal projects[5][6] - Urban development is shifting from expansion to quality improvement, emphasizing the renovation of existing structures and infrastructure upgrades[6] Market and Trade Stability - The meeting underscored the need to stabilize foreign trade and foreign investment, with policies aimed at maintaining a solid foundation in these areas[6] - There is a continued emphasis on stabilizing the stock market to attract long-term capital and maintain market momentum[6]

苏剑表示，推进全国统一大市场建设的核心在于打破各类显性与隐性壁垒。当前我国仍存在地方贸易保 护、产业进入门槛过高、户籍制度限制等问题，制约了商品和要素的自由流动。 来源：上海证券报·中国证券网 上证报中国证券网讯（记者 李雁争）7月30日召开的中共中央政治局会议明确提出，纵深推进全国统一 大市场建设，推动市场竞争秩序持续优化，为经济高质量发展筑牢制度根基。 北京大学经济学院教授苏剑在接受上海证券报记者采访时表示，这一部署直指当前市场运行中的痛点堵 点，需从破除壁垒、规范竞争、优化治理等多维度发力，让市场在资源配置中更好发挥作用。 苏剑特别强调，坚持"两个毫不动摇"、激发各类经营主体活力，对当前经济发展具有重要现实意义。尤 其要通过制度保障提升民营企业的经营信心，破解其发展中面临的实际困难，让不同市场主体在公平竞 争中共同成长。 "只有扫清这些障碍，才能提高市场经济运行效率，释放规模效应和分工红利。"他强调，建设统一大市 场需同步推动竞争秩序优化，构建充分、公平、公正、透明的市场环境，逐步形成法治化、国际化、市 场化的营商生态。 针对会议提出的"依法依规治理企业无序竞争"，苏剑认为，当前部分领域存在的"内卷式竞 ...

来源：上海证券报·中国证券网 上证报中国证券网讯（记者 李雁争）7月30日召开的中共中央政治局会议指出，要坚定不移深化改革。 坚持以科技创新引领新质生产力发展，加快培育具有国际竞争力的新兴支柱产业，推动科技创新和产业 创新深度融合发展。纵深推进全国统一大市场建设，推动市场竞争秩序持续优化。依法依规治理企业无 序竞争。推进重点行业产能治理。规范地方招商引资行为。坚持"两个毫不动摇"，激发各类经营主体活 力。 对此，清华大学国家金融研究院院长、清华大学五道口金融学院副院长田轩接受上海证券报记者采访表 示，这些部署涵盖科技创新、产业创新、市场秩序优化、重点行业治理等领域，将通过系统性改革夯实 高质量发展基础，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家注入强劲动力。 针对重点行业产能治理，他指出，这是供给侧结构性改革的延续与深化，旨在通过淘汰落后产能，引导 资源向高附加值、绿色低碳领域集中，推动产业结构向更高质量升级。而规范地方招商引资行为，将有 效遏制地方间的政策"内卷"和恶性竞争，从制度层面优化整体投资环境，促进区域协调发展。 田轩强调，会议重申"两个毫不动摇"意义重大，这一部署将切实保障各类经营主体在市场中的平等地 位，通过 ...

Core Points - The meeting of the Central Political Bureau on July 30 emphasized the importance of the upcoming Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, which will focus on the economic situation and work for the second half of the year [1] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" is nearing completion, and the "15th Five-Year Plan" will set the direction for national economic and social development, highlighting the coexistence of strategic opportunities and risks [2][3] - The meeting identified four major advantages for the "15th Five-Year Plan" period: the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, the advantages of a super-large market, a complete industrial system, and abundant talent resources [2][3] Economic Policy and Strategy - The meeting called for sustained macroeconomic policies, effective release of domestic demand potential, deepening reforms, expanding high-level opening-up, and ensuring social welfare [4][5] - It was noted that China's economy showed resilience with a growth rate of 5.3% in the first half of the year, but there are concerns about investment slowdown and real estate market fluctuations [5] - The meeting emphasized the need for a more proactive fiscal policy and moderately loose monetary policy to enhance policy effectiveness and support economic recovery [6][7] Domestic Demand and Consumption - The meeting stressed the importance of effectively releasing domestic demand potential and expanding consumption, particularly in the service sector [7] - It highlighted the need to cultivate new growth points in service consumption and to view the service industry as part of the real economy [7] Reform and Market Development - The meeting reiterated the commitment to deepen reforms, promote technological innovation, and enhance the integration of technology and industry [8] - It emphasized the importance of advancing the construction of a unified national market to optimize market competition and governance [8][10] International Trade and Foreign Investment - The meeting recognized the need to expand high-level opening-up and stabilize foreign trade and investment, particularly in light of increased uncertainties in international trade [10][11] - Specific measures were proposed to support foreign trade enterprises and optimize export tax rebate policies [10]