Core Viewpoint - Forest food has become the third largest agricultural product in China, following grains and vegetables, with significant growth in production due to government support and local initiatives [1] Group 1: Production and Economic Impact - In Jiangxi Province, a cooperative has established a sprinkler irrigation system covering over 1,000 acres, resulting in a 10% increase in edible mushroom production [1] - In Yunnan Province, local residents have cultivated 20 acres of bamboo fungus under rubber trees, tapping into the potential of the forest economy [1] - The diverse supply of woody oil and food, along with various high-quality forest products such as forest poultry, livestock, mushrooms, and honey, has greatly enriched the diet of the population [1] Group 2: Scale and Distribution - Over 2,400 out of more than 2,800 counties in China are engaged in the cultivation of economic forests, contributing to an annual production of over 200 million tons of various forest foods [1]

Group 1 - The National Audit Office reported that 175 counties intercepted over 4.1 billion yuan in agricultural subsidies, affecting nearly 3 million key groups who missed out on benefits [3] - The report highlighted issues in key livelihood sectors such as education, elderly care, high-standard farmland, and agricultural subsidies [3] Group 2 - The development of the under-forest economy is emphasized as a new initiative post-collective forest rights reform, playing a significant role in job preservation, improving livelihoods, and increasing income in mountainous areas [4] - The central government's recent documents have outlined plans for the development of the under-forest economy, indicating its importance in rural revitalization [4] Group 3 - Guangdong Province is advancing its modern marine ranching strategy with the breeding of high-quality marine species such as red-spotted grouper and tiger grouper, which are referred to as "marine chips" [6] - The initiative aims to enhance the ecological system of the South China Sea through sustainable practices [8][9] Group 4 - The harvesting of Huangpi fruit in Gaozhou has begun, with prices ranging from 4 to 5 yuan per kilogram, and premium fruits reaching 7 yuan per kilogram, indicating a positive trend in farmer income [11] - Gaozhou is recognized as a major production area for Huangpi, with over 20,000 acres of cultivation [12] Group 5 - The "Highzhou Lychee Fresh to Chang'an" promotional event showcased the historical significance and modern innovation of lychee, contributing to rural revitalization and regional development [14] - This event reflects Guangdong Province's commitment to high-quality development initiatives in rural areas [14] Group 6 - Guangdong Province is distributing one million fish seedlings to local modern marine ranching enterprises and typical village aquaculture operators as part of its development strategy [18] - This initiative is aligned with the "Hundred Counties, Thousand Towns, and Ten Thousand Villages" high-quality development project [18]

Core Insights - Forest food is the third largest agricultural product in China, following grains and vegetables, with many regions currently harvesting forest foods during the summer [1] - The development of the forest economy is diversifying from single crop cultivation to multi-faceted production, enhancing the added value of forest products [7][8] Group 1: Forest Food Production - In Jiangxi Province, a cooperative has established a 1,000-acre edible mushroom cultivation base, resulting in a 10% increase in mushroom yield due to a new irrigation system supported by the government [1] - In Yunnan's Mengla Town, 20 acres of bamboo fungus are being cultivated under rubber trees, showcasing the potential of forest under-economy [3] - Nationally, over 2 billion tons of various forest foods are produced annually, with more than 2,400 out of 2,800 counties engaged in economic forest cultivation [5] Group 2: Value Addition and Processing - The local mango industry in Lijiang, Yunnan, has developed deep processing capabilities, producing mango juice, dried mango, and frozen fruit blocks, with a sales network extending nationwide and internationally [10] - The processing of fresh fruit into high-value medicinal materials has increased the value of products like bitter orange by over five times through 14 processing steps [12] Group 3: Ecological and Tourism Development - The forest landscape is being utilized to create economic value, with various regions expanding their ecological product value transformation channels [15] - In Zhejiang's Tiantai County, a forest wellness industry has been developed, attracting tourists for health and recreation, with multiple forest wellness bases established [17] - In Heilongjiang's Yichun, the region is leveraging its ecological resources to develop a forest wellness tourism cluster, which has spurred growth in related sectors like homestays and cultural products [19] Group 4: Economic Impact - Since 2018, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration has launched several national forest tourism routes, contributing to an annual output value of approximately 1 trillion yuan from the forest economy, benefiting millions of forest farmers [21]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the development of the "under-forest economy" in Guangdong, highlighting its significance in promoting employment, improving livelihoods, and increasing income in mountainous and forested areas. The government is actively supporting this initiative through policies and reforms aimed at enhancing forest quality and optimizing land use [2][4][10]. Group 1: Policy Support - The central government has prioritized the development of the under-forest economy, as indicated in key documents such as last year's Central No. 1 Document and this year's government work report [3][4]. - Guangdong has a substantial forest area, covering over 1.62 billion acres, with a forest stock volume of 578 million cubic meters, which is approximately double the national average [5][6]. - The province has established a solid foundation for the under-forest economy due to its rich ecological resources and ongoing reforms in collective forest rights [8][9]. Group 2: Economic Achievements - As of 2024, the operating area of the under-forest economy in Guangdong has reached 32.41 million acres, generating a total output value of 52.71 billion yuan [23][24]. - The province has created various demonstration bases and industrial parks, including one national forestry industry demonstration park and 30 provincial-level bases [24][25]. - The development of the under-forest economy has been supported by a series of policies since 2012, focusing on various models such as "forest medicine," "forest fruits," and "forest poultry" [28][30][32]. Group 3: Reform Initiatives - The collective forest rights reform has been crucial in activating the under-forest economy, allowing for more flexible land use and management [38][45]. - The implementation of the "three rights separation" policy aims to innovate forest management and improve land transfer regulations [50][51]. - The active transfer of collective forest land has been increasing, providing opportunities for local communities to engage in profitable agricultural practices [53][54]. Group 4: Diversification of Under-Forest Economy - The under-forest economy in Guangdong has diversified, with various models emerging, including the cultivation of edible fungi and medicinal herbs [64][66][70]. - Local initiatives have been established to integrate different industries, such as "forest + health care" and "forest + agriculture," to enhance economic resilience [68][72]. - The province is leveraging its ecological resources to develop a multi-faceted under-forest economy, including tourism and deep processing of forest products [75][76]. Group 5: Brand Development - The lack of large leading enterprises has hindered the formation of influential brands in the under-forest economy, making it difficult to achieve premium pricing for high-quality products [90][91]. - The Guangdong Forestry Bureau is focusing on brand building and has initiated various promotional activities to enhance the visibility of local products [93][94][100]. - The establishment of a product traceability system and a trading platform aims to elevate the economic value of forest products and promote sustainable development [105][106].

Core Viewpoint - The transformation of previously idle land in Inner Mongolia into a flourishing peony flower economy demonstrates the successful integration of agriculture and tourism, enhancing both ecological and economic benefits for the local community [1][2]. Group 1: Economic Development - The peony flower industry has created over 100 jobs, with villagers earning an additional annual income of 40,000 to 50,000 yuan through land transfer and participation in flower care and tourism services [2]. - The flower garden, covering over 1,500 acres, was previously an abandoned area that has now become a significant source of income for local farmers [1][2]. Group 2: Agricultural Innovation - The introduction of a forestry technology company has led to the cultivation of peonies and other flowers in previously unused land, enhancing the area's agricultural productivity [1]. - The peony flowers are not only for ornamental purposes but also have medicinal value, with plans to establish procurement agreements with enterprises for the roots once they mature [2]. Group 3: Tourism and Cultural Integration - The first Peony Cultural Festival was held, showcasing local agricultural products and promoting the integration of flower cultivation with tourism, thereby addressing the challenge of reduced visitor numbers after the flower season [3]. - The development of seasonal picking tourism projects and the establishment of standardized greenhouses for various fruits and vegetables aim to attract visitors year-round, ensuring continuous economic activity [3].

Group 1 - The core idea is the development of medicinal herb cultivation in sandy areas of Liaoning province, specifically in Zhangwu County, to enhance economic value and combat land degradation [1][2] - Zhangwu County has a history of land desertification, with 96% of its area affected, prompting local efforts to integrate forestry and under-forest economies for better economic returns [1][2] - The local government is implementing a model combining party leadership, cooperatives, and enterprises to encourage villagers to plant drought-resistant medicinal herbs, with expected annual income of 19,000 yuan per acre during the peak production period [1] Group 2 - In 2024, Zhangwu County will release a five-year development plan focusing on forestry and under-forest economies, aiming for a diversified development model that includes medicinal herbs, seedlings, flowers, vegetables, fungi, and silkworm farming [2] - Since 2023, Liaoning province has invested 2.4 billion yuan in combating desertification, achieving comprehensive management of 9.92 million acres and exploring green and prosperous development through projects like grafting Chinese red pine onto other species [2] - In Changtu County, a forest farm has completed afforestation of over 125,000 acres, protecting surrounding farmland and generating significant economic benefits through grafting red pine onto other trees [2]

Core Viewpoint - The development of the under-forest economy is crucial for promoting rural revitalization, increasing farmers' income, and enhancing consumption, as emphasized by national leaders and government reports [1][2][3]. Summary by Sections Under-Forest Planting - Under-forest planting involves cultivating various crops within forest areas, including medicinal herbs, mushrooms, tea, fruits, and vegetables [2][3]. - The environmental conditions of forest land significantly influence the types of economic crops that can be grown, necessitating local adaptations [2][3]. Regional Advantages - Yunnan province, with its diverse climate and rich biodiversity, has seen its under-forest economy flourish, with total output value rising from 65 billion yuan in 2019 to 148.1 billion yuan in 2023 [3]. - The province's unique ecological conditions support the growth of wild edible mushrooms and medicinal herbs, contributing to its leading position in the national under-forest economy [3]. Collaborative Models - The "enterprise + forest farm + base + farmer" model is proposed to enhance cooperation among different stakeholders, reducing market risks and ensuring mutual benefits [4]. - In Fujian, the collaboration model has led to significant production in bamboo shoots, with an annual output of 2.136 million tons [4]. Challenges in Under-Forest Economy - The under-forest economy faces challenges such as small-scale operations, lack of market information, and difficulties in technical dissemination [3][4]. - The reliance on traditional methods and the absence of a robust technological support system hinder the potential for scaling and industrialization [24][25]. Under-Forest Animal Husbandry - Under-forest animal husbandry includes sustainable practices for raising livestock, poultry, and bees, with annual outputs of approximately 4.9 billion poultry and over 50 million livestock [6][8]. - Successful examples include the revival of deer farming in Guangxi through improved breeding techniques and management practices [9]. Processing and Branding - The development of deep processing capabilities and brand recognition is essential for enhancing the value of under-forest products [13][15]. - Successful cases in regions like Hunan and Fujian demonstrate the potential for integrating local resources into broader economic models, such as tourism and cultural experiences [15][16]. Policy and Financial Support - Strengthening policy support and financial backing is critical for scaling the under-forest economy, with calls for innovative financing solutions tailored to the unique characteristics of forestry [27][25]. - The government aims to enhance the under-forest economy's contribution to rural income, targeting an annual output value of around 1 trillion yuan [27][28].

Core Insights - The article highlights the ecological and economic development initiatives in Yinxing County, focusing on the integration of ecological conservation and tourism, as well as the development of the cold-water fish industry, particularly sturgeon farming and caviar production [7][10][11]. Group 1: Ecological Development - Yinxing County has a forest area of 160,000 hectares and a forest coverage rate of 80.3%, the highest in the province, aiming to transform its ecological advantages into development momentum [7]. - The county has been selected as a pilot area for the provincial ecological product value realization mechanism and recognized as a "Beautiful Sichuan Construction Practice Base" [7]. - The establishment of the Giant Panda National Park in Yinxing County is crucial for the conservation of the local panda population, with 31 pandas recorded in the area [8]. Group 2: Cold-Water Fish Industry - The Yinxing Cold-Water Fish (Caviar) Modern Agricultural Park has been established, with a target to produce over 200 tons of caviar and achieve a value exceeding 500 million yuan by 2024 [10]. - The introduction of Hangzhou Qian Dao Lake Sturgeon Technology Co., Ltd. has significantly boosted local aquaculture, with the first local caviar produced in September 2024 [10]. - The county plans to develop a comprehensive cold-water fish industry cluster, with a projected total output value exceeding 10 billion yuan [11]. Group 3: Forest Economy and Agricultural Integration - Yinxing County is leveraging collective forest rights reform to activate forest resources and promote the integration of forest economy and ecological tourism [12]. - The county has initiated a "Forest Grain Bank" project to enhance forest resource utilization and increase local farmers' income through sustainable practices [13][14]. - The county's forestry management area reached 600,000 acres, achieving a comprehensive forestry output value of 1.39 billion yuan in 2024 [15].

Core Insights - The development of the under-forest economy in Qiongzhong has led to an annual output value exceeding 500 million yuan, with a total area of 235,200 acres by the end of 2024, making it the highest in the province [1][6] - The integration of various industries such as planting, breeding, and landscape utilization has transformed green resources into tangible economic benefits [1][6] Group 1: Under-Forest Economy Development - The villagers of Luodan have successfully cultivated Yizhi fruit under ecological forests, generating an income of 6.405 million yuan [1][2] - The under-forest economy leverages natural products like Yizhi, Wujiao pig, and wild honey, requiring low startup costs and maintenance, thus effectively increasing farmers' income [2][6] - The cooperative model in Liemushan has expanded the scale of Zongye (sticky rice dumpling leaves) cultivation to over 5,300 acres, becoming the main production area in Hainan [5][6] Group 2: Agricultural and Cultural Integration - The "mountain-sea co-construction" project with Hainan University has transformed the tourism potential of villages, significantly increasing visitor numbers [7][8] - The integration of tourism, culture, and transportation is enhancing the economic potential of the region, with new tourism routes and experiences being developed [8] - Future plans include extending the industrial chain and promoting the integration of cultural, sports, and tourism industries to create new growth points [8]

Core Insights - The article discusses the development of the Yizhi fruit industry in Hainan, focusing on the integration of cultivation, processing, and research to enhance the value chain of this crop [2][4]. Group 1: Economic and Ecological Benefits - The Yizhi fruit is cultivated under rubber trees, allowing farmers to achieve dual income without significant additional investment [3]. - In areas like Wuzhishan, one acre of rubber forest can yield approximately 200 pounds of fresh Yizhi fruit, translating to about 1,200 yuan in additional income per acre [3]. - The total planting area of Yizhi in Hainan is around 400,000 acres, accounting for 40% of the national planting area, which supports local farmers' income [4]. Group 2: Deep Processing and Market Expansion - Hainan is establishing a deep processing industry for Yizhi, with products like Yizhi wine and honey being developed to enhance market reach [4]. - The introduction of processing enterprises in Qiongzhong aims to create over 200 jobs and is expected to generate an annual output value of 300 million yuan once fully operational [4]. Group 3: Resource Utilization and Technological Innovation - A project initiated by the provincial science and technology department aims to explore and utilize Yizhi genetic resources, enhancing product quality and market competitiveness [5]. - The project includes the establishment of a resource nursery, patent applications for innovative technologies, and the development of new products to increase the added value of the Yizhi industry [5].