这篇文章我们结合最近民生证券的一篇电子行业深度报告和AIDC的行业调研纪要，来看下我国数据 中心的市场，这些数据中心都建在什么地方？投资主体的格局是怎样的？ 全球数据中心格局 根据最新行业预测数据显示，全球数据中心（含IT基础设施）建设将迎来持续增长周期。2023年至 2026年期间，全球规划新增数据中心建设规模预计达到47GW，其中2023年现有基数为49GW，预计 到2026年总规模将突破96GW。值得注意的是，在新增容量中约85%（对应40GW）将投向智算中心 （IDC）领域，反映出人工智能算力需求的爆发式增长。 4. 其他主体：包含高校科研机构及自建企业，合计占比约5% end 中国市场 在我国数据中心市场中，传统通用计算（通算）与人工智能计算（智算）的复合增长率分别为 3%-4%和20%+。当前存量市场中，通算设施已出现供给过剩现象，核心节点机柜上架率维持在 40%-50%区间。根据民生证券的这篇研报，中国的智算中心布局如下： 从这个图可以看出，中国智算中心的大头是在中西部，像宁夏、内蒙古、甘肃、重庆、贵州都有超 过3万PF的大型算力网络国家枢纽节点，而东部和沿海最大的就是京津冀的2.28万PF智算 ...

Group 1 - Company Softcom Power (SZ 301236) announced on May 7 that its board approved a private placement of shares to no more than 35 specific investors, in compliance with the China Securities Regulatory Commission's regulations [1] - The total number of shares to be issued will not exceed approximately 286 million shares, accounting for no more than 30% of the total share capital prior to the issuance [1] - The company aims to raise up to approximately RMB 3.378 billion, with funds allocated for several projects including the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Soft Communication Intelligent Manufacturing Base, AIPC Intelligent Manufacturing Base, and the Softcom Power Huailai Intelligent Computing Center [1] Group 2 - For the year 2024, Softcom Power's revenue composition is as follows: High-tech and manufacturing 32.33%, communication equipment 27.54%, internet services 20.73%, finance 11.33%, and others 8.03% [2] - As of the latest report, Softcom Power's market capitalization stands at RMB 57.4 billion [3]

Market Overview - The main board saw significant gains with stocks like Yanshan Technology (+10.10%), Laibao High-Tech (+10.03%), and Putian Technology (+10.02%) leading the charge [1] - The ChiNext board also performed well, highlighted by Tianyuan Dike (+20.00%) and Dineike (+19.98%) [1] - The Sci-Tech Innovation board was led by Shengyi Electronics (+14.98%) and Changyang Technology (+12.32%) [1] - Active sub-industries included SW Printed Circuit Boards (+5.28%) and SW Communication Application Value-Added Services (+4.90%) [1] Domestic News - BYD announced a projected sales volume of 380,100 new energy vehicles for April 2025, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 21.33% [1] - Maosilicon expects to complete its silicon carbide production line by the end of June this year, adding a monthly capacity of 3,000 silicon carbide wafers [1] - Beijing will support private enterprises in building intelligent computing centers and provide financial assistance for the procurement of self-controlled GPU chips [1] - Pingxin Technology's N300 storage-computing integrated NPU enhances traditional MCU chips with AI capabilities, offering a revolutionary solution for edge devices [1] Company Announcements - Zhongwang Software reported a share buyback of 379,805 shares, representing 0.313% of its total share capital as of April 30, 2025 [2] - Yingfang Software received government subsidies totaling RMB 5.4 million related to its revenue [2] - Dongni Electronics announced a government subsidy of RMB 3.82 million, accounting for 33.17% of its audited net profit for 2024 [2] - Obsidian Light reported a share buyback of 362,884 shares, which is 0.09% of its total share capital as of April 30, 2025 [2] Semiconductor Industry Insights - German chip manufacturing equipment suppliers indicated that tariffs could disrupt the semiconductor supply chain, increasing costs and potentially leading to economic recession [3] - The Trump administration may announce details of semiconductor tariffs, with rates estimated between 25% and 100% [3] - Demand for TV panels is weakening, with brands requesting price concessions from panel manufacturers, leading to an expected adjustment in average industry utilization rates by 6%-7% [3] - Nvidia is accelerating the development of a new AI chip compliant with U.S. export regulations to maintain its market share in China following the ban on its H20 chip [3]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Buy" rating for the company [4][7]. Core Views - The company reported a total revenue of 4.4 billion yuan for 2024, a slight increase of 0.3% year-on-year, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 1.79 billion yuan, up 1.6% year-on-year [1]. - The adjustment in revenue recognition method and ongoing data center renovations have temporarily pressured the company's performance, but the long-term growth logic remains intact [2][3]. - The company is focusing on core business areas, particularly the AIDC (Artificial Intelligence Data Center) segment, which is expected to drive future growth [3]. Summary by Sections Financial Performance - In 2024, the company achieved total revenue of 4.4 billion yuan, with a net profit of 1.79 billion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 1.6% [1]. - The AIDC business revenue for the year was 1.45 billion yuan, showing a growth of 21% year-on-year, while IDC business revenue was 2.9 billion yuan, down 8% year-on-year [2]. Business Strategy - The company is undergoing significant renovations of old data centers, which is expected to enhance capacity and efficiency, with billing power exceeding 90% of pre-renovation levels by March 2025 [3]. - The focus is shifting towards the construction of new-generation intelligent computing centers, with major projects set to be delivered in 2025 [3]. Market Position and Future Outlook - The company has a strong competitive edge due to its substantial energy resource reserves, which increased by 130% year-on-year by the end of 2024 [4]. - Revenue projections for 2025-2027 are estimated at 6.3 billion, 7.9 billion, and 9.6 billion yuan, respectively, with net profits expected to reach 2.68 billion, 3.30 billion, and 3.99 billion yuan [4].

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Outperform the Market" [6][4][32] Core Views - The company is actively reserving scarce energy resources and steadily advancing the construction and delivery of intelligent computing centers [1][3] - The company is experiencing a transitional period from IDC to AIDC, which is putting short-term pressure on performance [1][18] - The AIDC business is rapidly developing, with significant growth in revenue and gross margin due to attracting high-quality AI clients [2][18] Financial Performance - In 2024, the company achieved total revenue of 4.365 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.32%, and a net profit of 1.79 billion yuan, up 1.62% year-on-year [10][5] - The company's AIDC business generated revenue of 1.45 billion yuan in 2024, a year-on-year growth of 21%, with a gross margin of 51.7% [2][18] - The IDC business faced challenges, with revenue of 2.914 billion yuan in 2024, a decline of 7.6% year-on-year, and a gross margin of 47.53% [18][31] Business Development - The company has built seven intelligent computing infrastructure clusters across six major regions, with plans for approximately 61 intelligent computing centers and 320,000 cabinets [3][30] - The company is expanding its energy resource reserves, with a 130% increase in energy indicators compared to the end of 2023 [3][30] - The company has applied for the first public REITs in the industry to diversify financing and strengthen its market position [3][30] Profit Forecast - The profit forecast for the company has been adjusted downwards, with expected net profits of 2.693 billion yuan, 3.292 billion yuan, and 4.030 billion yuan for 2025, 2026, and 2027 respectively [4][32] - The current stock price corresponds to a PE ratio of 30, 24, and 19 for 2025, 2026, and 2027 respectively [4][32]

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Buy" (maintained) [1] Core Views - The company's revenue and performance are expected to rise steadily, with overseas expansion and AIDC (Artificial Intelligence Data Center) likely to contribute to incremental growth [1] - The company reported a revenue of 7.76 billion yuan in 2024, a year-on-year decrease of 4.71%, and a net profit of 315.18 million yuan, down 37.90% year-on-year [7] - The data center business is showing strong growth, with revenue from this segment reaching 3.15 billion yuan in 2024, up 14.70% year-on-year, accounting for over 40% of total revenue [7] - The company is focusing on core products and product upgrades, which has led to improved profitability despite a decline in revenue from certain segments [7] - The company is increasing its overseas business efforts, particularly in the renewable energy sector, which is expected to recover by the end of Q3 2025 [7] - The company has demonstrated excellent cost control, with operating expenses decreasing by 5.7% year-on-year in 2024 [7] - The forecast for net profit for 2025-2027 is 688 million yuan, 1.05 billion yuan, and 1.4 billion yuan respectively, with corresponding growth rates of 118%, 52%, and 34% [7] Financial Summary - Total revenue is projected to be 8.92 billion yuan in 2025, with a year-on-year growth of 14.93% [1] - The net profit for 2025 is expected to be 688 million yuan, reflecting a significant increase from the previous year [1] - The company's earnings per share (EPS) is forecasted to be 1.33 yuan in 2025, with a price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of 30.69 [1] - The company’s total assets are estimated to reach 13.02 billion yuan by 2025, with total liabilities of 7.78 billion yuan [8]

Core Insights - The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has intensified global strategic competition, with intelligent computing centers becoming a new infrastructure in tech competition [1] - Investment in intelligent computing centers in China has surged from hundreds of billions to trillions, with nearly 150 operational projects and close to 400 under construction or planning as of November 2024 [2][3] Investment Trends - As of August 2024, the total number of intelligent computing center projects in China exceeded 300, with a computing power scale surpassing 500,000 PFlops, and over 50 new projects launched in 2024 alone [3] - The total investment in 128 disclosed projects reached over 430 billion yuan, but only 16 projects are in operation or trial phases, indicating a significant gap between planned and actual deployment [3][9] Structural Issues - The market is experiencing a "structural mismatch" rather than an outright surplus of computing power, with significant demand growth in AI inference driving the need for more efficient resource allocation [5][9] - Some intelligent computing centers report utilization rates as low as 10-15%, with certain centers having GPU utilization below 30%, leading to concerns about resource wastage [9][11] Management and Operational Challenges - The supply chain uncertainties, particularly regarding NVIDIA chips, pose challenges for intelligent computing centers, prompting a shift towards domestic chip manufacturers providing comprehensive solutions [12][14] - The industry is moving towards "refined management," with traditional leasing models becoming less profitable, necessitating mergers and resource reallocation to enhance efficiency [14][15] Future Outlook - The ongoing demand for AI inference and the acceleration of domestic chip development are critical for the industry's future, with a focus on building a sustainable computing power system [14] - The integration of AI technology with industry applications requires a skilled workforce, emphasizing the need for professionals who understand both AI and industry-specific needs [14]

Financial Performance - In 2024, the company's total revenue was CNY 7.757 billion, a decrease of 4.71% year-on-year [3] - Data center revenue reached CNY 3.152 billion, an increase of 14.07% year-on-year, with a gross margin of 28.77% [3] - Smart energy revenue was CNY 922 million, down 9.01% year-on-year, with a gross margin of 41.06% [3] - New energy revenue was CNY 3.608 billion, a decline of 15.98% year-on-year, with a gross margin of 16.78% [3] - The net profit attributable to shareholders was CNY 315 million, impacted by credit and asset impairment losses totaling CNY 258 million [3] Business Development - The smart computing center business generated approximately CNY 3.152 billion in revenue, growing 14.07% year-on-year [4] - The company is actively engaging in AI, computing power, and autonomous driving markets, establishing a robust heterogeneous computing power platform [4] - The company has secured numerous product orders from major clients in the internet, telecommunications, and finance sectors, with significant growth expected in 2025 [5] Technological Advancements - The company has been recognized as a top 10 service provider in the third-party computing power center sector, ranking 8th in comprehensive development and 4th in technical capability [6] - In the smart energy sector, the company has launched innovative products such as the 1500V 5MW liquid-cooled photovoltaic inverter, enhancing its market position [8] - The company has achieved the highest shipment volume of energy storage PCS among Chinese enterprises globally, maintaining a strong presence in the renewable energy sector [9] Future Outlook - The company plans to intensify its focus on the smart computing center business, leveraging its core technology in power electronics for new product development [10] - A strategic customer department has been established to deepen collaborations with major internet companies and expand into various sectors [10] - The company is considering future financing plans based on strategic goals and market conditions, following the successful completion of a convertible bond project [11]

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Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the missed opportunity for JD.com to acquire Guanghuan Xinnet, a significant player in the IDC sector, and how this decision has impacted JD Cloud's growth and market position in the AI and cloud computing landscape [4][10][26]. Group 1: Historical Context - Guanghuan Xinnet's stock price has nearly doubled since the beginning of the year, highlighting its growing significance in the market [2]. - JD Cloud launched eight intelligent computing products, including its large model "Yansi," indicating its ongoing efforts to innovate [3]. - Several key executives at JD.com supported the acquisition of Guanghuan Xinnet, but the decision ultimately failed due to opposition from the then Chief Strategy Officer, Liao Jianwen [7][8]. Group 2: Strategic Importance of Guanghuan Xinnet - Guanghuan Xinnet's IDC infrastructure is crucial for cloud computing, and its acquisition would have strengthened JD Cloud's IaaS capabilities [10]. - The potential acquisition was seen as a strategic move to enhance JD's asset base and facilitate tax exchange mechanisms with local governments, which could have provided significant operational advantages [11][12]. Group 3: Impact on JD Cloud's Performance - Following the 2018 incident, JD Cloud's revenue declined sharply, and the company struggled to maintain its market position [20][21]. - JD Cloud's PS ratio is significantly lower than that of Alibaba Cloud, indicating a lack of market confidence in JD Cloud's growth potential [23]. - The article suggests that if JD had acquired Guanghuan Xinnet, JD Cloud might not be facing its current challenges and could have leveraged the growing demand for intelligent computing [26].