人民日报海外版记者 李婕 新的一年，消费品以旧换新"国补"还会持续吗？ 近日召开的中央经济工作会议在明年经济工作重点任务中明确指出，优化"两新"政策实施。财政部 日前也在相关会议中提出，用好用足各类政府债券资金，发行超长期特别国债，持续支持"两重"建 设、"两新"工作。这也进一步明确，明年"国补"将继续实施。 稳增长惠民生 "两新"，是指大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新，其中消费品以旧换新政策与普通消费者关系密 切。 根据国务院2024年印发的《推动大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新行动方案》，消费品以旧换新主 要涉及汽车、家电以及家装厨卫等消费品。当前，我国耐用消费品市场规模居全球首位，已进入存量优 化阶段。通过实施消费品以旧换新政策，有利于激发升级消费需求，释放消费潜力。 2025年，"两新"政策加力扩围实施，支持该项工作的超长期特别国债资金规模增加至5000亿元。其 中，3000亿元用于支持消费品以旧换新，比上年增加1500亿元；2000亿元用于支持设备更新，比上年增 加500亿元。 上述财政部会议明确，支持优化"两新"政策实施，用好个人消费贷款和服务业经营主体贷款"双贴 息"政策，大力支持实施提振消费专项行 ...

持续支持、优化实施大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新—— 二〇二六年 "国补"将继续 新的一年，消费品以旧换新"国补"还会持续吗？ 近日召开的中央经济工作会议在明年经济工作重点任务中明确指出，优化"两新"政策实施。财政部日前 也在相关会议中提出，用好用足各类政府债券资金，发行超长期特别国债，持续支持"两重"建设、"两 新"工作。这也进一步明确，明年"国补"将继续实施。 稳增长惠民生 "两新"，是指大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新，其中消费品以旧换新政策与普通消费者关系密切。 根据国务院2024年印发的《推动大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新行动方案》，消费品以旧换新主要涉 及汽车、家电以及家装厨卫等消费品。当前，我国耐用消费品市场规模居全球首位，已进入存量优化阶 段。通过实施消费品以旧换新政策，有利于激发升级消费需求，释放消费潜力。 2025年，"两新"政策加力扩围实施，支持该项工作的超长期特别国债资金规模增加至5000亿元。其中， 3000亿元用于支持消费品以旧换新，比上年增加1500亿元；2000亿元用于支持设备更新，比上年增加 500亿元。 "'两新'政策取得显著成效，有效发挥了促消费、扩投资、稳增长、调结构、惠 ...

中新社北京12月18日电 (记者 刘亮)明年是中国"十五五"开局之年，前不久召开的中央经济工作会议在 部署来年经济工作任务时，"置顶"了内需这一重要议题，提出"坚持内需主导，建设强大国内市场"。 多位专家在18日举行的"《财经》年会2026：预测与战略暨2025全球财富管理论坛"上表示，目前中国经 济运行中最突出的问题是国内供强需弱矛盾突出。未来供求关系如何演变，将是观察中国经济发展的重 要线索。 中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所副所长张斌说，走出需求不足困境之关键，不是逐一解决所有深 层原因，而是果断打破其负向传递链条。在他看来，在打破传递链条过程中，政策要聚焦于改变信贷、 投资、资产价格这些"快变量"，带动收入、消费等"慢变量"回升。"投资和消费相互促进，而不是争抢 资源。" "改善收入分配是打破消费制约的关键。"中国社会科学院学部委员蔡昉指出，"分好蛋糕"有助于"做大 蛋糕"。在他看来，改善收入分配需多措并举，根本在于提升人力资本，为此需构建覆盖终身的教育培 训体系并统筹优化教育资源，着力消除就业歧视、弥补重点人群技能缺口。此外，还需强化税收等再分 配手段的调节力度。 中信建投证券首席经济学家黄文涛认 ...

Consumption - In October 2025, the total retail sales of consumer goods reached 46,291 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 2.9%, down 0.1 percentage points from the previous value of 3%[12] - Sales of "two new" products and real estate-related consumption declined, with automotive sales down 6.6% and home appliances down 14.6% year-on-year[12] - Service consumption showed strong performance, driven by the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day holidays, with food-related items growing by 8% year-on-year[13] Investment - Fixed asset investment continued to face pressure, with a year-on-year decline of 11.2% in October, worsening from a previous decline of 6.8%[22] - Real estate development investment fell by 23.2% year-on-year in October, while manufacturing and infrastructure investments also saw declines of 6.7% and 12.1%, respectively[22] - Excluding real estate, project investment showed a cumulative growth of 1.7%, indicating that real estate investment dragged down overall investment by approximately 3 percentage points[22] Trade - In October, exports fell sharply with a year-on-year decline of 1.1%, a drop of 9.4 percentage points from the previous value of 8.3%[37] - Exports to the U.S. improved slightly, with a year-on-year growth of -25.2%, while exports to the EU and Africa saw significant declines of 13.3% and 46.0%, respectively[38] - The electronics sector maintained high growth, with integrated circuits growing by 26.9% year-on-year, while labor-intensive products experienced significant declines[37] Industrial Performance - Industrial value-added growth slowed down, with the PMI index showing a downward trend, indicating a potential seasonal disturbance and tariff volatility[7] - The overall industrial profit growth rate slowed, with financial costs being a significant drag on performance[7] - Despite the slowdown, major industrial indices remained in the expansion zone, reflecting overall market optimism[7] Price Trends - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) turned positive in October, with core CPI continuing to rise, driven by strong food prices and holiday demand[7] - The Producer Price Index (PPI) showed a narrowing decline, with prices in the non-ferrous metals sector increasing significantly[7] - The real estate sector continued to face pressure, with a year-on-year decline in real estate development investment of 14.7% from January to October[7]

智通财经APP获悉，中国汽车流通协会发文称，12月厂商及经销商为冲刺年度目标将持续加码终端促销；同时部分春节前置购车需求也 开始逐步释放。对于首购车的消费者而言，新能源购置税优惠政策即将退坡，依然构成强烈的年末购车驱动力。然而考虑到业内普遍预 期"两新"政策明年将延续，加之车企新能源"购置税兜底"方案稳定预期的作用，部分置换需求转移至明年1月。综合上述因素，预计12月 终端消费市场将呈现温和回升态势，但难以形成显著的"翘尾"行情。综上因素，同时结合11月份的销量与12月上半月的经销商数据增速 水平，预计12月份全月乘用车终端销量235万辆左右。 2025年全年乘用车终端零售量预计达2355万，较2024年基本持平。 年末多地置换补贴政策收紧，车企对新能源"购置税兜底"的影响，消费者持币待购有所加剧，11月乘用车终端零售量低于预期，环比10 月市场销量出现小幅下降。 12月乘用车市场开局表现平淡。新能源购置税免征政策年底到期(2026年起减半)以及两新政策截止未能产生显著的"末班车效应"。由于多 地两新政策的补贴资金已基本耗尽，置换更新需求疲软，加之明年春节较晚、部分车企新能源"购置税兜底"补贴方案延续，消费者 ...

Core Insights - The central theme of the articles revolves around the impact of the "old-for-new" vehicle replacement subsidy policy and the upcoming changes in the new energy vehicle (NEV) purchase tax policy in China, particularly in 2026 [1][3][11]. Policy and Market Dynamics - The "old-for-new" subsidy policy in Beijing has been suspended, but the central government has indicated that the policy will continue in 2026 with further optimization [1][4][11]. - The NEV purchase tax exemption is set to expire soon, transitioning to a 50% reduction, which will increase the cost for consumers [3][9]. - The suspension of local subsidies has led to a decline in consumer enthusiasm, although interest has started to recover as the year-end approaches [4][6]. Consumer Behavior - Two main groups of consumers are currently in a state of "wait-and-see": those interested in locking in orders for models with tax guarantees and those waiting for the specifics of the new subsidy policy [7][12]. - The demand for vehicle replacements has diminished as many potential buyers have already made purchases during the subsidy period, leaving only those with less urgent needs [6][10]. Sales Performance - Recent data indicates a significant decline in vehicle sales, with a 32% year-on-year drop in retail sales during the first week of December [9][10]. - The overall market sentiment is cautious, with expectations that the upcoming policy changes may lead to further fluctuations in demand [11][13]. Future Outlook - Analysts predict that the subsidy levels for the "old-for-new" policy in 2026 will likely be reduced, which could impact market growth [11][12]. - Despite the anticipated challenges, the overall vehicle market is expected to maintain a positive growth trajectory due to ongoing improvements in NEV technology and competitive pricing [13].

12月10日至11日，中央经济工作会议在北京举行。 会议在部署明年经济工作重点任务时明确提出，坚持内需主导，建设强大国内市场。 具体包括：深入实施提振消费专项行动，制定实施城乡居民增收计划；扩大优质商品和服务供给；优 化"两新"政策实施；清理消费领域不合理限制措施，释放服务消费潜力；推动投资止跌回稳，适当增加 中央预算内投资规模，优化实施"两重"项目，优化地方政府专项债券用途管理，继续发挥新型政策性金 融工具作用，有效激发民间投资活力；高质量推进城市更新。 中央经济工作会议提出坚持内需主导释放出什么信号？如何清理消费领域不合理限制措施？在具体措施 层面，从加力扩围到优化"两新"政策实施，如何理解表述的转变？围绕上述疑问，《每日经济新闻》记 者（以下简称NBD）近日对中国宏观经济研究院研究员张燕生进行了专访。 大国的现代化必须以内需为主导 NBD：中央经济工作会议将内需主导放在明年经济工作的首位，并明确提出坚持内需主导。这释放了 什么信号？ 张燕生：今年全国两会期间，政府工作报告就把扩大国内需求作为经济工作的重中之重。年末举行的中 央经济工作会议把坚持内需主导作为明年各项任务之首。虽然提法有所不同，但重要性实质 ...

Group 1: Market Overview - The Shanghai Composite Index fell over 1%, but the consumer sector showed relative resilience with a smaller decline [1] - The Consumer ETF (159928) experienced a slight drop of 0.37%, with trading volume exceeding 300 million yuan and a net subscription of 12.8 million shares during the day [1] Group 2: Policy Impact on Consumer Sector - The "Two New" policy is expected to stimulate greater consumption potential in the home appliance sector, with a focus on domestic demand and a strong domestic market [3] - The high-level economic work conference emphasized the continuation of policies for large-scale equipment updates and trade facilitation, which is likely to benefit the export chain and cross-border channels [3] - Statistics indicate that from January to November 2025, over 12.84 million home appliances were replaced under the old-for-new policy, generating sales exceeding 2.5 trillion yuan and benefiting over 360 million people [3] Group 3: Valuation and Investment Sentiment - As of December 15, the TTM price-to-earnings ratio of the Consumer ETF (159928) was 19.42, placing it in the 3.21% percentile over the past decade, indicating high valuation attractiveness [5] - The market is expected to experience seasonal changes in investment styles, particularly in December, with a tendency towards undervalued sectors [5] Group 4: Focus on Defensive Consumption Sectors - China Galaxy Securities suggests focusing on defensive sectors with stable cash flows and high dividend yields, as well as service consumption as a new growth point [7] - The market may enter a wide fluctuation phase, with short-term attention on defensive and consumer sectors, while mid-term focus may shift to TMT and advanced manufacturing sectors [7] Group 5: Alcohol Industry Insights - Concerns have arisen regarding the high-end liquor market, with price declines prompting worries about channel stability [8] - Huachuang Securities anticipates that the liquor industry will see volume growth before price recovery, with key players like Moutai and Wuliangye influencing market dynamics [9][10] - Moutai is expected to stabilize prices through controlled supply, while Wuliangye is implementing subsidies to support channel turnover [11]

Group 1 - In November, the total retail sales of consumer goods reached 43,898 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 1.3%. Excluding automobiles, the retail sales amounted to 39,444 billion yuan, growing by 2.5% [1] - From January to November, the total retail sales of consumer goods were 456,067 billion yuan, an increase of 4.0%. Excluding automobiles, the retail sales were 411,637 billion yuan, growing by 4.6% [1] - The recent decline in the year-on-year growth rate of retail sales is attributed to a high base from the previous year and the early release of some consumer demand due to ongoing policies promoting the replacement of old goods [1] Group 2 - The Chinese government has allocated 500 billion yuan in long-term special bonds for "two new" initiatives in 2025, with 200 billion yuan for large-scale equipment updates and 300 billion yuan for consumer goods replacement [1] - The Ministry of Commerce reported that from January to November, the replacement of consumer goods generated over 25,000 billion yuan in sales, benefiting over 360 million people and playing a significant role in boosting consumption [1] Group 3 - The expansion of consumption is a long-term strategy that requires joint efforts from both supply and demand sides, particularly focusing on the 400 million middle-income group with a demand for upgraded consumption [2] - There is a need to enhance the quality and innovation of service supply, as the middle and high-income groups are increasingly shifting towards service consumption [2] - The central economic work conference emphasized the importance of implementing special actions to boost consumption and developing plans to increase income for urban and rural residents [2] Group 4 - The real estate market has been adjusting, and the central economic work conference proposed high-quality urban renewal, focusing on renovation rather than large-scale demolition, which can create more jobs and establish a sustainable investment model [2] - Creating more service industry jobs is a long-term strategy, as the productive service industry is knowledge and talent-intensive, requiring further development [3] - To make domestic demand the main driver of economic growth, it is essential to address the imbalance between strong supply and weak demand, promoting internal growth through reforms [3]

Economic Growth and Trends - In November, the growth rate of the real economy continued to slow, with demand weakening faster than supply[1] - The expected economic growth for this year remains around 5%, supported by better-than-expected import and export data[1][6] - The central economic work conference set a target for next year's economic growth at approximately 5% with moderate policy stimulus anticipated[1][6] Retail and Consumption - The total retail sales of consumer goods in November fell to a year-on-year growth rate of 1.3%, down from 2.9% in October, significantly below market expectations[2] - Retail sales of goods decreased by 1.8 percentage points to 1.0%, with notable declines in jewelry (-29.1 percentage points to 8.5%) and automotive sales (-1.7 percentage points to -8.3%)[2][10] Investment and Infrastructure - Fixed asset investment showed a cumulative year-on-year decline of 2.6%, which is lower than the market expectation of -2.3%[3] - Real estate development investment fell by 1.2 percentage points to -15.9%, and new construction area dropped by 0.7 percentage points to -20.5%[3] - Infrastructure investment (excluding power, heat, gas, and water supply) decreased by 1 percentage point to -1.1%[3] Inflation and Employment - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose by 0.5 percentage points to 0.7% in November, primarily due to a significant increase in vegetable prices[5] - The unemployment rate remained stable at 5.1% in November, aligning with market expectations[4][20]