来源：金融界AI电报 美联储维持联邦基金利率目标区间在4.25%至4.50%不变，符合市场预期，这是美联储连续第五次决定 维持利率不变。 ...

智通财经7月31日电，美联储维持联邦基金利率目标区间在4.25%至4.50%不变，符合市场预期。 ...

来源：中国金融信息网 新华财经北京7月30日电 距美联储议息会议公布仅有一天，但投资者似乎已经对决议没有意外之念，市场买盘纷纷涌入，4个月期以上美 债收益率周二（29日）悉数下跌，中长期美债收益率跌幅较大。当前市场普遍预期，美联储周三公布利率决定时，几乎可以肯定的是， 情况与6月份非常相似，声明内容几乎没有变化，官员们将再次推迟降息。 美联储前货币事务主管、现任耶鲁大学管理学院教授比尔·英格利希表示："如果放松货币政策，他们不会得到任何好处，只会让人觉得 他们是在向总统屈服。所以我认为他们最好的政策当然就是看看数据，做出最好的判断，做出政策决定，并尽可能地解释清楚。" 美国媒体称，两位美联储理事——克里斯托弗·沃勒和米歇尔·鲍曼，可能会对维持联邦基金利率在4.25%-4.5%的水平投反对票。如果是 这样的话，这将是自1993年末以来首次出现多名理事反对的情况。两人都主张降息。沃勒有望在明年接替鲍威尔，这使得他的投票更加 重要。 瑞士宝盛银行的首席经济学家大卫•科尔预计，美联储只有在9月份的联邦公开市场委员会会议上才会恢复降息。FOMC是决定利率的机 构。 科尔说："如果更确定的是，关税推动的通胀飙升只是暂时的 ...

Core Insights - The articles provide a summary of various forex trading terms and concepts, focusing on technical indicators and risk management strategies. Group 1: Trading Terms - "Use obos" refers to Overbought/Oversold, applicable for multi-indicator cross-confirmation [1] - "Use stoch cros" involves Stochastic Crossover as an entry signal, indicating buy when K line crosses above D line and sell when K line crosses below D line [2] - "Optimal" denotes the ideal lot size for current account funds and risk, often calculated automatically by EA based on account balance [7] Group 2: Risk and Management - "Moderate" describes risk or trend intensity, used in settings like "moderate risk" or "moderate mode" [7] - "Opacity" refers to the degree of visual clarity in EA trading panels, allowing user customization [8] - "Capital management" involves built-in strategies in mature EAs for users to switch between different modes like Martingale, grid, or hedging [8] Group 3: Notifications and Formatting - "MQID© Push Notif" is a service in the MQL5 ecosystem for receiving alerts and notifications from EAs, useful for remote monitoring and mobile trading [9] - "Vertical spacing between lines" pertains to the line spacing in EA strategy displays, enhancing readability and user experience [9] Group 4: Economic Indicators - "FOMC" stands for Federal Open Market Committee, responsible for setting interest rates and monetary policy, significantly impacting markets [12] - "Federal Funds Rate" is the short-term borrowing rate between banks set by the Federal Reserve, crucial for influencing the dollar's movement and related assets [13]

美国总统特朗普：消费者价格低迷，应立即降低联邦基金利率。 ...

Core Points - The secured overnight financing rate (SOFR) was reported at 4.31% on July 11, unchanged from the previous day [1] - The effective federal funds rate was also reported at 4.33% on the same day, remaining stable from the prior day [1]

Group 1 - The Federal Reserve Governor Waller suggests that the Fed should reduce bank reserves from the current $3.26 trillion to about $2.7 trillion, which would lower the Fed's total balance sheet size to $5.8 trillion from the current $6.7 trillion [2] - Waller believes that the current federal funds rate is too tight and anticipates a potential interest rate cut at the next meeting later this month, despite being in the minority among his colleagues [2] - Waller emphasizes the importance of maintaining a "ample" level of reserves, estimating that the Fed needs to keep reserves above $3 trillion to $3.25 trillion to avoid market pressure [3] Group 2 - Waller is being considered as a candidate for the next Federal Reserve Chair by President Trump, and he advocates for a gradual reduction of the balance sheet without drastic cuts [3] - Critics, including Kevin Warsh, have questioned the Fed's balance sheet policies, suggesting that it should be reduced to pre-financial crisis levels [4] - Waller proposes that the Fed's balance sheet structure should hold more short-term assets, with long-term securities serving as a hedge against monetary liabilities, constituting about half of the Fed's Treasury holdings [4]

Core Viewpoint - Federal Reserve Governor Christopher Waller suggests that the U.S. central bank should have the capability to gradually reduce bank reserves from the current $3.26 trillion to around $2.7 trillion, while also emphasizing the importance of a measured approach to balance sheet reduction [1][2] Group 1: Balance Sheet Reduction - Waller indicates that the overall balance sheet size could decrease from $6.7 trillion to $5.8 trillion when including the Federal Reserve's currency holdings and the U.S. Treasury's general account balance [1] - He proposes that the reduction of reserve balances could be achieved through the natural expiration and early repayment of securities [1] - Waller highlights the critical nature of determining a "sufficient" reserve level to assess the upper limit of balance sheet reduction, which directly impacts the overnight funding market [1] Group 2: Interest Rate Policy - Waller reiterates his belief that the federal funds rate is set too strictly and may support a rate cut in the upcoming Federal Reserve meeting [2] - This stance places him in the minority among his colleagues, despite recent calls from the Trump administration for the Federal Reserve to lower interest rates [2] - Critics argue that the Federal Reserve should restore its balance sheet size to pre-financial crisis levels, which saw an increase from approximately $800 billion to over $2 trillion during the 2008 crisis [2] Group 3: Asset Composition - Waller suggests increasing the proportion of short-term assets in the Federal Reserve's balance sheet, with long-term securities used primarily to hedge against monetary liabilities [2] - He addresses a proposal from market participants to mimic the U.S. Treasury market by setting the short-term asset ratio at 20%, arguing that while it may alleviate pressure on the yield curve, it could extend the balance sheet's duration and increase potential income loss risks for the Federal Reserve [2]

Economic Conditions - The FOMC meeting minutes describe the current economic situation as resilient yet concerning, with economic activity maintaining a "robust" expansion despite net export fluctuations [2] - The labor market is characterized as "solid," with unemployment rates remaining low, close to the committee's estimates for maximum employment [2] - Potential signs of weakness include persistently low business and consumer confidence indicators, cautious corporate investment, slowing manufacturing activity, and pressures on low-income households [2] Inflation Challenges - Inflation remains a core challenge for the Federal Reserve, with inflation rates still "slightly above" the long-term target of 2% [3] - The core PCE inflation rate was reported at 2.6% in May, indicating limited progress [3] - The committee acknowledges an "uneven" process in returning inflation to target, with service inflation decreasing while goods inflation is rising, complicating the inflation outlook [3] Tariff Impact - The discussion on tariffs highlights them as a key source of uncertainty affecting monetary policy decisions, with expectations of upward pressure on prices [4] - There is significant uncertainty regarding the timing, magnitude, and duration of tariff impacts [4] - Concerns exist that tariffs may have a "more lasting" effect on inflation and could influence inflation expectations, potentially leading to a spiral of rising prices and wages [4] Monetary Policy Outlook - The minutes reveal internal divisions within the committee regarding future monetary policy, particularly on whether to lower interest rates this year [5] - A majority believe that some degree of rate cuts may be appropriate, citing temporary tariff impacts and anchored inflation expectations [5] - Conversely, some members argue against rate cuts due to persistent inflation and significant upward risks [5][6] Neutral Rate Discussion - Comments regarding the current federal funds rate being close to neutral suggest that any necessary rate cuts may not need to be as substantial as previously anticipated [7] - This indicates that the current policy may not be as restrictive as it appears, adding complexity to future policy paths [7] Financial Market Dynamics - The minutes reflect a positive market response to easing trade tensions, with stock prices rising and credit spreads narrowing, but also highlight concerns over fiscal outlooks [8] - Discussions on liquidity reveal challenges posed by the debt ceiling and its impact on the Treasury General Account (TGA) [8] Credit Conditions - Credit conditions show a mixed picture, with large firms and high-credit borrowers having better access to credit, while small businesses and low-credit borrowers face tighter conditions [9] - Rising student loan delinquency rates post-moratorium are a significant concern, potentially impacting broader financial stability and consumer spending [9] Conclusion - The FOMC minutes illustrate a complex economic landscape characterized by robust growth and labor markets alongside persistent high inflation and significant policy uncertainty [10] - The committee's decision to maintain the status quo emphasizes a data-dependent and cautious approach, with key risks including tariffs, fiscal conditions, and credit quality [10]

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve decided to maintain the federal funds rate target range at 4.25% to 4.5% during the meeting held on June 17-18, indicating a cautious approach to monetary policy amid ongoing economic expansion and inflation concerns [1] Economic Indicators - Recent indicators suggest that economic activity continues to expand steadily, despite fluctuations in net exports affecting the data [1] - The unemployment rate remains low, and the labor market conditions are still robust [1] - Inflation rates are still slightly elevated, indicating ongoing price pressures in the economy [1] Economic Outlook - Participants in the meeting unanimously agreed that uncertainty regarding the economic outlook has decreased but remains high [1]