在凤凰湾区财经论坛2025前夕，上海交通大学上海高级金融学院实践教授胡捷表示，美联储的独立性源 于历史经验，且已法律化。美国总统虽然可以通过提名（美联储）理事和（美联储）主席来达到将个人 意志施加给美联储的目的，但其影响力是有限的。 ...

此前，联邦法院已作出裁决，认为特朗普总统试图解雇库克的行为可能违法。值得注意的是，在美联储长达一个多世纪的历史中，从未出现过在任总统罢免 现任理事的情况，这使本案显得尤为特殊。库克是由民主党籍前总统拜登提名的美联储理事，她已多次公开表示不会屈服于政治压力而辞职。 由于联邦上诉法院驳回了罢免请求，共和党主导的特朗普政府转而向最高法院寻求支持。分析人士指出，这既是特朗普试图重组美联储领导层的举措，也可 能对美联储的独立性产生深远影响。库克的代理律师阿贝·洛厄尔强调，他的当事人将继续履行参议院确认的职责。 与此同时，参议院共和党人已批准特朗普提名的斯蒂芬·米兰出任美联储理事。回溯到8月25日，特朗普首次尝试解雇库克，但这一决定在上周遭到联邦法官 否决，库克得以恢复原职。 特朗普政府指控库克在2021年申请抵押贷款时存在不实申报，称其将两处房产都标注为主要住所以获得更有利的贷款条件。但库克坚决否认这些指控，且目 前并未面临任何刑事起诉。美联社获取的文件显示，库克在贷款申请中明确将亚特兰大公寓标注为度假屋，这与政府的指控存在明显出入。 特朗普政府近日向美国最高法院提交紧急申请，要求撤销美联储理事莉萨·库克的职务。这一行 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve has initiated a rate cut, reflecting its "survival wisdom" under political pressure from the White House, particularly from Trump, who has remained unusually silent on this decision [1][3]. Group 1: Federal Reserve's Decision - The Federal Reserve's decision to cut rates by 25 basis points was passed with a surprising 11-1 vote, showcasing unexpected unity within the institution despite external pressures [1][7]. - The rate cut is characterized as a "preemptive cut" aimed at managing risks before a potential economic downturn occurs [14][18]. - Powell's statements during the announcement emphasized that the rate cut was a "risk management decision" and downplayed expectations for rapid adjustments to interest rates [6][18]. Group 2: Economic Context and Implications - Recent adjustments to employment data, with a downward revision of 911,000 jobs, indicate a weakening labor market, prompting the Fed's decision to cut rates to prevent further economic decline [6][10]. - Historical precedents of preemptive rate cuts have led to varied outcomes, including soft landings, recessions, and high inflation, raising questions about the potential consequences of the current cut [15][17]. - The current economic environment is marked by persistent inflation pressures, particularly in the service sector, complicating the Fed's decision to lower rates [17][23]. Group 3: Market Reactions - Following the rate cut announcement, gold prices initially surged to a historical high before retreating, indicating market reactions to the Fed's signals [18][24]. - The dollar index fell to its lowest point since February 2022 but began to recover after Powell's remarks, suggesting a complex market response to the Fed's actions [18][23]. - Analysts predict that the 10-year Treasury yield will stabilize around 4.4% in the coming years, with the Fed expected to gradually lower the federal funds rate [23].

北京时间9月18日凌晨，美联储重启降息，将联邦基金利率目标区间下调25个基点，至4.00%～4.25%。 这是今年美联储首次采取降息措施。美联储本次降息的核心依据在于美国经济数据整体呈现疲弱态势、 通胀压力有所缓解，而就业市场动能的减弱，更是进一步强化了前期市场的降息预期，使得本次利率调 整完全在市场预料之内。 9月美联储议息会议前后，金融市场出现了"买预期、卖事实"的现象。在美联储9月议息会议正式宣布降 息之前，市场对降息的预期极为强烈，并普遍将降息视为重大利多消息。但随着降息的正式落地，市场 情绪迅速转向。美国三大股指冲高回落，呈现出典型的"利多出尽"特征。美元指数呈现V形走势，背后 的核心原因在于美联储主席鲍威尔在新闻发布会上谨慎偏"鸽"的表态，这让市场清醒认识到，美联储并 未传递出"大幅宽松"的明确信号，后续政策仍将保持谨慎。对当前市场而言，接下来更核心的问题是： 在美国就业市场持续低迷、通胀黏性未完全消退，且白宫不断施加政策压力的背景下，美联储接下来如 何把控降息节奏和降息幅度？ 从政治维度看，当前政治层面的不确定性虽对降息节奏构成潜在影响，但短期难以扭转"渐进调整"的政 策主线。若美联储独立性受到 ...

当地时间周五，美联储新任理事斯蒂芬·米兰表示，在本周利率决议前，他仅与总统特朗普进行了简短 交谈，并未受到任何关于如何投票的压力。 在本周的美联储利率决议上，在12名有投票权的美联储官员中，11人支持降息25个基点。而米兰是唯一 的反对者，在本周被确认为美联储理事会成员之前，他曾担任白宫高级顾问。 米兰主张更大幅度地降息50个基点，他称这一决定完全出于独立判断。"我会根据自己对数据和经济的 解读做独立分析，我所做的就只有这些，也仅限于这些。" 米兰强调："周二早上他打电话来祝贺我就职，仅此而已。我没有与他讨论如何投票，也没有透露我在 《经济预测摘要》中'点阵图'的位置。" 点阵图显示，在19名与会者中，有7人预计今年不会再降息，另有两人预计只会再降息一次。这些预测 还显示，在目前对经济活动稳健的展望下，大多数官员预计明年不会再多次降息。 自特朗普今年1月开启第二个任期以来，围绕美联储独立性的质疑不断升温。 特朗普一直强烈要求美联储大幅降息，并公开对主席鲍威尔进行人身攻击，称其为"太慢先生"。相比之 下，历届政府对美联储的压力通常更为低调。 与此同时，特朗普还试图罢免美联储理事丽莎·库克，并表示在明年挑选鲍威尔 ...

特朗普不仅频繁批评鲍威尔，还寻求罢免美联储理事库克，并表示将对明年鲍威尔继任人选进行"宽松 政策立场测试"，要求候选人支持进一步降息。 外界曾质疑米兰担任理事前曾是总统经济顾问委员会负责人，却只采取"休假"而非辞职方式离职，可能 存在潜在利益冲突。对此，米兰回应称这些担忧"有些可笑"，并表示他只会任职至2026年1月。 "如果总统告诉我，他希望我在2026年1月后继续留任，我会立刻辞职，没有任何犹豫。"米兰说道。他 补充称，外界质疑反而促使他计划在下周一的讲话中"详细解释"自己与其他理事观点为何差异巨大，并 向公众进行全面说明。 智通财经APP获悉，美联储理事米兰周五接受采访时表示，在本周的利率决议前，他仅与美国总统特朗 普进行了简短通话，并未受到任何投票压力。 米兰透露，特朗普于周二上午致电祝贺他担任美联储理事，但双方并未讨论利率决策或经济预测相关内 容。米兰强调："我没有和他谈论我的投票立场。" 在本周的联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)会议上，美联储以11比1的投票结果决定降息25个基点，将联邦基 金利率区间降至4.00%-4.25%。米兰是唯一的反对票，他主张一次性降息50个基点，立场明显更为宽 松。他的 ...

on Monday, will you go into this so-called notion of a third mandate regarding moderate longer term rates. >> Oh, this is so silly. You know, I just have a personality uh that I like thoroughess and I like completeness.And so, of course, I'm going to look at the statutes and I'm going to look at what Congress told the Fed. And so I literally read So I think you're referring to an article that that said that uh because I I read the I literally quoted the Federal Reserve Act in the statutes that that assigned ...

美联储卡什卡利：国会对美联储独立性广泛赞赏。 来源：滚动播报 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve announced a 25 basis point rate cut, bringing the benchmark interest rate to between 4% and 4.25%, with plans for two more cuts this year, raising questions about whether this decision was influenced by political pressure or economic needs [1][3][12]. Economic Context - The primary reason for the rate cut is the slowdown in the U.S. job market, with employment growth significantly decreasing and a slight uptick in the unemployment rate, indicating rising employment risks [3][12]. - Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell emphasized that the current job market slowdown is a major concern for policymakers, and the rate cut aims to provide a buffer for the economy [3][12]. Political Dynamics - President Trump has been vocal in criticizing the Federal Reserve and has called for more aggressive rate cuts, leading to speculation about the influence of political pressure on the Fed's decision-making [1][5][6]. - The voting outcome for the rate cut showed internal divisions within the Federal Reserve, with 10 out of 11 members supporting the cut, while one member, Stephen Moore, appointed by Trump, voted against it, advocating for a larger cut [8][10][12]. Market Reactions - Following the announcement, U.S. stock indices initially surged, particularly in technology stocks, but later stabilized as investors recognized the underlying economic challenges that the rate cut does not fully address [16][18]. - The dollar index and U.S. Treasury yields exhibited mixed reactions, indicating cautious market sentiment regarding the effectiveness of the rate cut in stabilizing the economy [16][18]. Future Outlook - There is uncertainty regarding the Federal Reserve's future actions, as internal divisions and external pressures from the Trump administration may influence upcoming decisions on interest rates [12][18]. - The balance between stabilizing the economy and maintaining independence from political influence presents a significant challenge for the Federal Reserve moving forward [18][20].

Core Viewpoint - The article suggests that Powell's decision to cut interest rates, despite the absence of clear recession signals, represents a high-risk policy gamble aimed at demonstrating the Federal Reserve's independence and fulfilling its dual mandate [3][4]. Economic Context - Powell faces unprecedented political opposition and economic uncertainty as his term nears its end, making current policy decisions more complex and risky than ever [3][4]. - The significant slowdown in the job market is a key factor prompting the Fed's rate cut, with recent data showing a drastic reduction in average job growth from 150,000 to 29,000 [4][5]. Structural vs. Cyclical Concerns - There are concerns that the Fed may misinterpret structural changes in the economy as temporary cyclical slowdowns, influenced by policies from the Trump administration that could permanently alter production capabilities [5]. - Experts warn against the risks of excessive rate cuts, as persistent inflation concerns among consumers and businesses may lead to sustained higher inflation [5]. Political Pressures and Internal Consensus - Maintaining internal consensus within the Fed amidst political pressures is a significant challenge for Powell, who has managed to secure support for the rate cut despite differing views on the economic outlook [7]. - The division among Fed officials regarding future rate cuts indicates ongoing debates and potential challenges for Powell's leadership [7]. Market Reactions and Future Implications - The thriving stock market raises questions about consumer spending stability, as businesses invest heavily in AI infrastructure, but income growth may eventually lead to reduced spending [8]. - Powell's policy experiment could determine the future independence and effectiveness of the Fed, impacting not only the U.S. economy but also global monetary policy [8]. Historical Outcomes - The article outlines three potential historical outcomes of Powell's policy gamble: a successful "soft landing" akin to the mid-1990s, the risk of igniting inflation similar to the late 1960s, or the failure of rate cuts to prevent recession as seen in 1990, 2001, and 2007 [10].