文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 文若愚（微信 LRsuperdope） 事项 2025年11月，社融存量同比8.5%（前值8.5%），M2同比8%（前值8.2%），新口径M1同比4.9%（前值 6.2%）。 核心观点 1、11月我们研判利润的先行指标企业居民存款剪刀差改善趋势延续，但速率较1月~8月明显放缓。此外， 我们研判权益成交量的非银居民存款剪刀差11月则相对偏弱，对应金融市场的流动性改善似乎出现了波 折。 2、展望未来，影响企业和非银流动性的有两个因素，一是总量M2的增长规模，由于当下实体经济的有效 融资需求客观偏弱，我们预计后续M2同比仍将持续下行。二是居民存款的搬家规模，我们认为居民存款搬 家的趋势依旧，但由于金融流动性的波折以及十月以来上证综指下行波动率的提升，2026年居民存款搬家 的速率可能边际放缓。 3、对于权益资产而言，总量M2的回落和居民存款搬家速率的放缓会带来两个影响，一是2026年估值提升 逻辑可能会弱化，二是创业板跑赢沪深300这个风格特征2026年或也弱化，2026年股市或应更重视安全边 际与盈利改善，更 ...

Group 1: Macroeconomic Framework - The ten-year government bond yield reflects the risk-free rate of a country and should correspond to the country's economic growth and investment returns[1] - Prior to unconventional monetary policy, a nominal GDP growth of 4%-5% typically corresponds to a ten-year bond yield of 2%-5%[2] - Currently, China's nominal GDP growth is approximately 4.2%, while the ten-year bond yield is around 1.85%[4] Group 2: Supply and Demand Perspective - The increase in the corporate-resident deposit gap indicates strong demand for funds in the real economy, leading the ten-year bond yield by about one year[9] - The non-bank investment gap has been rising since October 2024, suggesting an increase in financial institutions' risk appetite, which leads the ten-year bond yield by about six months[9] - The corporate-resident deposit gap has risen by 9% over the past year, indicating a higher probability of an increase in the ten-year bond yield[9] Group 3: Policy Perspective - As of 2022, 2023, and 2024, the ten-year bond yield has declined more than the policy rate by 12bp, 38bp, and 30bp respectively, indicating limited further downward space for yields[10] - The current expectation of unconventional monetary policy for 2025 has cooled, suggesting a gradual return of the ten-year bond yield to normal levels[3] - Historical experience shows that during periods of government-led leverage increases, the probability of significant interest rate hikes remains low[11]

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the importance of tracking three financial indicators: M1 year-on-year growth, non-bank deposits, and corporate medium to long-term loans, as they reflect industrial inventory and PPI improvements, market activity, and production investment trends respectively [4][5][6] - In September, M1 year-on-year growth increased by 1.2%, while non-bank deposits decreased by 1.97 trillion, and corporate medium to long-term loans saw a slight decrease of 500 million [4][5] - The decline in non-bank deposits in September is attributed to seasonal factors, particularly the pressure on banks to meet deposit assessments at the end of the quarter, leading to a typical seasonal drop in non-bank deposits [4][5][9] Group 2 - The article discusses the implications of the significant drop in non-bank deposits in September, suggesting it does not necessarily indicate a weakening of the equity market's activity, and further observation of October's data is required [8][9] - The increase in M1 year-on-year is likely driven by a rise in household demand rather than improvements in corporate cash flow, as evidenced by the relatively modest increase in corporate deposits [10][23] - The article highlights that while the new M1 metric is statistically more accurate, historical discrepancies suggest that it may not directly correlate with corporate expectations, necessitating further analysis of traditional M1 metrics [10][24] Group 3 - In September, the total social financing increased by 3.53 trillion, a decrease of 2.3 trillion year-on-year, with a stock growth rate of 8.7% [31][32] - The article notes that corporate medium to long-term loans continued to show a decrease, with a total loan increase of 1.29 trillion, which is 300 billion less than the previous year [27][31] - M2 growth rate fell to 8.4% in September, down 0.4% from the previous month, while new M1 grew by 7.2%, reflecting a mixed trend in liquidity [32][33]

Group 1: Financial Data Overview - In July 2025, new social financing (社融) amounted to 1.16 trillion yuan, a decrease from 4.20 trillion yuan in the previous period[2] - The total social financing stock grew by 9.0% year-on-year, compared to 8.9% previously[2] - M2 money supply increased by 8.8% year-on-year, up from 8.3% in the prior period[2] - New M1 money supply rose by 5.6% year-on-year, compared to 4.6% previously[2] Group 2: Corporate Loan Trends - Corporate loans turned negative, with a decrease of 2.6 billion yuan in medium to long-term loans, reflecting a year-on-year decline of 3.9 billion yuan[47] - The contraction in corporate loans may benefit the Producer Price Index (PPI) by raising it year-on-year[3] - Despite weak loan performance, overall corporate financing is still growing, with improvements in equity and bond financing compared to the same period last year[3] Group 3: Economic Indicators and Market Sentiment - The ongoing recovery of the corporate-resident deposit gap indicates continuous improvement in the economic cycle, supporting the view that the worst phase is passing[7] - The ratio of resident deposits to the total stock market value remains high, suggesting significant potential for market growth as the economic cycle improves[38] - The current high growth of non-bank deposits (2.1 trillion yuan added in July) indicates ample liquidity in financial institutions[38]

Core Viewpoint - The discussion around "deposit migration" is gaining traction as deposit interest rates have entered the "1 era," leading to a decline in deposit attractiveness, while the stock market's profitability is becoming more evident, suggesting a potential shift of deposits into A-shares as new capital [2][3]. Group 1: Deposit Trends - The growth rate of resident deposits has slowed, currently around 10%, down from an average of 14% between 2019-2023 and significantly lower than the 18% growth seen at the end of 2022 and early 2023 [2]. - New RMB deposits from residents reached approximately 18 trillion yuan in 2022, projected to drop to around 14 trillion yuan in 2024 and 10.8 trillion yuan in the first half of 2025, which is below the historical peak of 12 trillion yuan for the same period [2]. - The proportion of new RMB deposits to GDP is expected to be 10.6% for the entire year of 2024 and 16.3% for the first half of 2025, compared to historical peaks of 14.5% in 2022 and 19.6% in the first half of 2023 [2]. Group 2: Deposit Migration Characteristics - Reports indicate that the phenomenon of deposit migration is not yet significant, with personal deposit growth still exceeding M2, reflecting a "regularization" characteristic [3]. - The outflow of corporate deposits is driving the "deposit migration" phenomenon, while personal deposits are declining steadily but without clear signs of migration [3]. Group 3: Economic Indicators - The "scissors difference" between corporate and resident deposits is being closely monitored, as it serves as a leading indicator for economic activity, with upward adjustments noted since September 2024 [5]. - A higher corporate deposit growth compared to residents suggests improved investment and consumption willingness among residents, while a decline indicates reduced spending and investment [5]. Group 4: Potential for Reallocation - There is a possibility of reallocation of funds into the stock market, driven by the strong desire for returns from excess savings, with an estimated 4.6 trillion yuan of "excess savings" maturing between 2025-2026 [9]. - If this excess savings is fully allocated to other assets, it could bring approximately 700 billion yuan in incremental funds to various asset classes, including stocks [9]. - Historical data shows that the ratio of resident deposits to total stock market value remains high, indicating potential for further capital inflow into the stock market [9]. Group 5: Institutional Asset Management - Institutions like wealth management subsidiaries and insurance companies are expected to shift their asset allocations from bonds to stocks due to limited downward space for bond yields [11]. - The ongoing decline in deposit rates is likely to drive the trend of deposit migration, although it is essential to differentiate between long-term trends and short-term market fluctuations [11].

Core Viewpoints - The economic cycle has been continuously improving since September 2024, with the April data showing a persistent improvement in the deposit scissors difference between enterprises and residents [4][21] - Non-bank institutions have seen the highest deposit growth in the past five years, indicating a potential shift in resident deposits and a response to the central bank's efforts to stabilize the market [4][9] - Loan data reveals a structural shift, with an increase in consumer loans for residents and a decrease in operational loans, while enterprises are seeing a rise in short-term loans but a decline in medium- to long-term loans [4][8] Financial Asset Side Observations - April is typically a month of weak credit expansion, with the new social financing scale at 1.16 trillion, which is relatively stable compared to previous years [6][12] - The structure of resident loans is changing, with consumer loans increasing while operational loans are declining, reflecting a shift in demand and potential impacts on household debt and bank income [7][14] - Enterprise loans have shown a strong performance in 2025, with a total of 9.3 trillion in new loans, although the duration of these loans is shortening compared to previous years [8][18] Financial Liability Side Observations - Leading indicators of the economic cycle are improving, with the enterprise-resident deposit scissors difference recovering from -14.7% in August 2024 to -8.4% currently [9][21] - Non-bank institution deposits have increased significantly, with a total of 2.2 trillion in new deposits in the first four months of 2025, indicating strong performance in the equity market [9][23] - The central bank's protective measures in the financial market are evident, with interventions aimed at stabilizing asset prices during market shocks [10][24] April Financial Data Highlights - In April, RMB loans increased by 280 billion, with a total loan balance of 265.7 trillion, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 7.2% [29][31] - The social financing scale increased by 1.16 trillion, with a year-on-year growth of 8.7%, indicating ongoing government debt issuance [31][32] - M2 growth was recorded at 8%, while new M1 growth was at 1.5%, showing a mixed trend in monetary aggregates [32][33]

Group 1: Financial Asset Observations - In April 2025, new social financing amounted to 1.16 trillion RMB, a decrease from 5.89 trillion RMB in the previous period[1] - The total amount of new RMB loans was 280 billion RMB, down from 3.64 trillion RMB previously[1] - The year-on-year growth of social financing stock was 8.7%, compared to 8.4% in the previous period[1] Group 2: Loan Structure Changes - Since September 2024, there has been a continuous increase in consumer loans while operating loans have been declining[2] - For enterprises, short-term loans are increasing while medium to long-term loans are decreasing[2] - The proportion of medium to long-term loans in enterprise loans has decreased from approximately 76% in 2023 to about 62% in 2025[5] Group 3: Economic Cycle Indicators - The enterprise-resident deposit scissors difference improved from -14.7% in August 2024 to -8.4% currently, indicating a recovery in the economic cycle[6] - Non-bank institutions saw a strong increase in deposits, with a total of 2.2 trillion RMB added in the first four months of 2025, higher than previous years[6] Group 4: Government Leverage and Financing - In April, the net financing of government bonds was 972.9 billion RMB, an increase of 10.67 trillion RMB year-on-year[6] - The total social financing increment was 11.59 trillion RMB, with a year-on-year increase of 12.25 trillion RMB[6] - M2 growth was 8% year-on-year, up from 7% in the previous month[6]

文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 文若愚（微信 LRsuperdope） 事项 1 、看数据：结合我们团队持续跟踪的指标【企业居民存款剪刀差】来看，这一指标自 2024 年 9 月政策转 向以来持续修复，因此我们判断经济的循环在持续改善。从数据来看，【企业居民存款剪刀差】从 2024 年 8 月的 -14.7% 修复至当下的 -8.7% ，共抬升 6 个百分点，其中居民存款同比回落 0.6% ，非金融企业存款 同比抬升 5.4% 。 2025年3月，新增社融5.89万亿（前值2.24万亿），新增人民币贷款36400亿（前值10100亿）。社融存量同 比增长8.4%（前值8.2%），M2同比增长7 %（前值7%），旧口径M1同比增长-0.8%（前值-2.5%）。新口 径M1同比增长1.6%（前值0.1%）。 核心观点 1 、从基本面来看，我们持续跟踪的经济循环指标【企业居民存款剪刀差】自 2024 年 9 月以来持续修复， 特别是 2025 年一季度企业的融资数据表现偏强，因此，截至 2025 年一季度而言，我们维持经济预期最悲 观的时刻已 ...