银河证券章俊表示，国内物价运行的低点已过，正进入温和修复阶段。 1月5日至6日，中国人民银行工作会议围绕货币政策实施、金融服务实体经济、风险防控、金融改革开 放等核心领域，明确行动路径。货币政策方面，会议强调，把促进经济高质量发展、物价合理回升作为 货币政策的重要考量，灵活高效运用降准降息等多种货币政策工具。经济学家们预计未来政策将保持连 续性、稳定性兼顾灵活性。 摘要 2026年1月，第一财经研究院发布的"第一财经首席经济学家信心指数"为50.32，较上月回升，维持景气 状态。经济学家们认为2025年我国经济运行稳中有进，顺利收官。 兴业证券王涵认为，未来宏观经济将稳中求进、提质增效，结构持续优化，新质生产力占比 提升，"投资于人"带来新的经济活力。 首席经济学家们对2025年12月CPI同比增速的预测均值为0.8%，PPI同比预测均值为-2%。2025年12月工 业增加值增速预测均值4.9%，固定资产投资累计增速预测均值为-2.2%，社会消费品零售总额同比增速 预测均值为1.8%，贸易顺差预测均值为1113.5亿美元，新增贷款预测均值为7182.5亿元，社会融资总量 预测均值为1.8万亿，M2同比增速预测 ...

[ 2026年的全球经济将进入一个由非线性、路径依赖与适应性共同塑造的复杂系统，表现出高度不稳定 却韧性犹在的双重特征。对中国而言，既是外部压力的延续，也是出口结构升级的机遇。 ] 2026年1月，第一财经研究院发布的"第一财经首席经济学家信心指数"为50.32，较上月回升，维持景气 状态。经济学家们认为2025年我国经济运行稳中有进，顺利收官。 首席经济学家们对2025年12月CPI同比增速的预测均值为0.8%，PPI同比预测均值为-2%。2025年12月工 业增加值增速预测均值4.9%，固定资产投资累计增速预测均值为-2.2%，社会消费品零售总额同比增速 预测均值为1.8%，贸易顺差预测均值为1113.5亿美元，新增贷款预测均值为7182.5亿元，社会融资总量 预测均值为1.8万亿，M2同比增速预测均值为8%。 1月5日至6日，中国人民银行工作会议围绕货币政策实施、金融服务实体经济、风险防控、金融改革开 放等核心领域，明确行动路径。货币政策方面，会议强调，把促进经济高质量发展、物价合理回升作为 货币政策的重要考量，灵活高效运用降准降息等多种货币政策工具。经济学家们预计未来政策将保持连 续性、稳定性兼顾灵活 ...

文 ： 华创证券首席经济学家 张瑜 执业证号：S0360518090001 联系人： 陆银波（15210860866） 核心观点 展望 12 月，受基数、政策前倾等因素影响，内需依然偏弱。但针对 2026 年的经济运行，扩内需政策在陆 续出台，预计开年内需将回升。 首先，从四季度 GDP 增速来看，四季度在基数走高、政策前倾等因素影响下，工业生产、建筑业、地产批 零及金融业增速回落，预计 GDP 增速降至 4.3% 左右，全年实现 5% 左右的 GDP 增长。 但， 2025 年四 季度 GDP 增速与 2026 年目标相比预计偏低， 1 季度扩内需的必要性较强。 其次，内需读数来看，社零与固投 12 月或依然偏弱。预计 12 月社零 1% 左右，全年固投 -3.3% 左右。 但， 1 月初两新政策已出台，叠加元旦、春节假期较长，有望带动社零增速回升。 1 月提前下达提前批"两 重"建设项目清单和中央预算内投资计划 2950 亿元，同时发改委近期批复或核准多个重大基础设施项目， 总投资超过 4000 亿元， 1 季度固投增速有望转正。 再次，外需依然偏强。预计 12 月出口增速在 3.5% 左右。 需要重视的 ...

固 定 收 益 研 究 请务必阅读正文之后的声明 渤海证券股份有限公司具备证券投资咨询业务资格 1 of 10 证 固定收益周报 短债利率下行，超长债波动幅度较大 ――利率债周报 分析师： 王哲语 SAC NO： S1150524070001 2025 年 12 月 19 日 统计区间：2025 年 12 月 12 日至 2025 年 12 月 18 日 重要事件点评 金融、经济和财政数据：11 月企业和居民信贷数据依然不佳，工增、固 投和社零同比增速也有一定放缓，和 10 月数据特征相近，增值税和企业 所得税收入累计同比涨幅收窄也与 10-11 月数据降温有关。展望来看，未 来的积极因素在于政策性金融工具对信贷的撬动，以及年末财政"赶进 度"集中支出，有望为 2026 年打下良好开局。 资金价格：央行投放跨年资金 统计期内，央行超量 2000 亿元续作 6 个月买断式逆回购，并开展 1000 亿元 14 天逆回购操作呵护跨年资金面，DR014 和 R014 在 12 月 18 日分 别上行 10bp 和 6bp，DR001 和 DR007 保持平稳，同业存单收益率小幅 回落，符合年末存单收益率下行的季节性特 ...

Economic Indicators - As of November, M0 balance reached 13.74 trillion yuan, increasing by approximately 0.19 trillion yuan month-on-month, with a year-on-year growth of 10.6%[2] - M1 balance stood at 112.89 trillion yuan, up by 0.89 trillion yuan from the previous month, with a year-on-year growth of 4.9%, a slowdown of 1.3 percentage points compared to last month[2] - M2 balance was 336.99 trillion yuan, increasing by 1.86 trillion yuan month-on-month, with a year-on-year growth of 8%, a decrease of 0.2 percentage points from the previous month[2] Financing Trends - The total social financing stock was 440.07 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 8.5%, maintaining the same growth rate as the previous month[2] - New RMB loans in November amounted to 405.3 billion yuan, while new foreign currency loans were -22.2 billion yuan, totaling 383.1 billion yuan in new loans, which is 90.1 billion yuan less than the previous year[2] - New corporate bond financing reached 416.9 billion yuan, and new corporate stock financing was 34.2 billion yuan, totaling 451.1 billion yuan in corporate direct financing, an increase of 168.3 billion yuan year-on-year[2] Deposit Growth - Corporate deposit growth slowed to 3.63% in November, down from 3.79% the previous month, with a total corporate deposit balance of 79.34 trillion yuan, increasing by 0.65 trillion yuan[2] - Resident deposit growth decreased to 9.56%, down 0.13 percentage points from the previous month, with a total resident deposit balance of 163.31 trillion yuan, increasing by 0.67 trillion yuan[2] - Non-bank financial institutions' deposits grew by 0.08 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth rate of 16.09%, a decrease of 0.58 percentage points from the previous month[2]

Group 1: Financing Trends - In November, social financing (社融) increased by nearly 160 billion yuan year-on-year, driven by significant growth in corporate direct financing and off-balance-sheet financing[3] - Corporate direct financing rose by over 100 billion yuan, primarily due to the expansion of the sci-tech bond market, which saw net financing of 182.3 billion yuan in November, an increase of 100 billion yuan year-on-year[15] - Off-balance-sheet financing also increased by over 100 billion yuan, largely attributed to the upcoming implementation of revised trust company regulations[15] Group 2: Loan and Deposit Dynamics - In November, RMB loans decreased by 190 billion yuan year-on-year, reflecting weak demand for loans and a supply-side contraction due to financial institutions' "anti-involution" measures[4] - Short-term loans for enterprises increased by 100 billion yuan, indicating a rise in short-term operational funding needs, while medium and long-term loans decreased by 40 billion yuan year-on-year[22] - Resident deposits showed a significant reduction, with both household and corporate deposits declining year-on-year, indicating a trend of deleveraging among residents[26] Group 3: Monetary Supply Metrics - M2 growth rate fell to 8% in November, down 0.2 percentage points from October, while M1 growth rate decreased to 4.9%, down 1.3 percentage points[26] - The decline in M1 and M2 growth rates is attributed to reduced "loan creation deposits" and limited fiscal fund injections, with non-bank financial institution deposits also showing a year-on-year decrease[26] Group 4: Future Outlook and Risks - The overall financial data for November indicates persistent weakness in private sector financing demand, with potential positive impacts from new policy financial tools expected to gradually materialize[6] - The high base effect from government bond financing is likely to continue to weigh on social financing growth, which may stabilize or slightly decline in the near term[6] - Risks include unexpected changes in the economic environment and policy adjustments that could significantly impact market financing demand and liquidity conditions[7]

Group 1 - The macro liquidity environment is overall balanced and slightly loose, with the central bank conducting a net injection of 6047 billion yuan through open market operations, including a 47 billion yuan net injection from 7-day reverse repos and a 6000 billion yuan 6-month buyout reverse repo [3][9][10] - The social financing scale increased significantly in November, reaching 24885 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 8.5%, maintaining the same growth rate as the previous month. The main contributors were government bonds and corporate bonds, while non-standard financing turned positive [10][11][14] - The money supply indicators M1 and M2 continued to decline year-on-year, with M1 growing by 4.9% and M2 by 8% in November, both showing a decrease in growth rate compared to the previous month [10][11][14] Group 2 - The supply side of the stock market shows structural differentiation, with a decline in equity fund issuance and a slight recovery in financing balance, indicating an increase in leveraged funds' participation. The net inflow of financing was concentrated in sectors like electronics and defense, while sectors like computers and automobiles experienced net outflows [4][19][30] - The stock market's demand side pressure has eased, with a decrease in equity financing scale and a drop in the scale of locked-up shares released, amounting to 414.42 billion yuan, down from 786.35 billion yuan the previous week [30][35][39] - The number of new A-share accounts opened in November was 238.1 million, an increase from 230.9 million in the previous month, indicating a slight uptick in market participation [19][27]

文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 文若愚（微信 LRsuperdope） 事项 2025年11月，社融存量同比8.5%（前值8.5%），M2同比8%（前值8.2%），新口径M1同比4.9%（前值 6.2%）。 核心观点 1、11月我们研判利润的先行指标企业居民存款剪刀差改善趋势延续，但速率较1月~8月明显放缓。此外， 我们研判权益成交量的非银居民存款剪刀差11月则相对偏弱，对应金融市场的流动性改善似乎出现了波 折。 2、展望未来，影响企业和非银流动性的有两个因素，一是总量M2的增长规模，由于当下实体经济的有效 融资需求客观偏弱，我们预计后续M2同比仍将持续下行。二是居民存款的搬家规模，我们认为居民存款搬 家的趋势依旧，但由于金融流动性的波折以及十月以来上证综指下行波动率的提升，2026年居民存款搬家 的速率可能边际放缓。 3、对于权益资产而言，总量M2的回落和居民存款搬家速率的放缓会带来两个影响，一是2026年估值提升 逻辑可能会弱化，二是创业板跑赢沪深300这个风格特征2026年或也弱化，2026年股市或应更重视安全边 际与盈利改善，更 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints - In November 2025, new RMB loans were 390 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 190 billion yuan, and the credit balance growth rate dropped to 6.4%. New social financing scale was 2.4885 trillion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 159.7 billion yuan, and the stock growth rate of social financing remained at 8.5%. The year - on - year growth rate of M2 decreased from 8.2% to 8.0% due to the base effect, and the growth rate of M1 under the new caliber dropped from 6.2% to 4.9%. Overall, credit performance in November was weak, off - balance - sheet bills slightly supplemented, with the household sector being the main drag. The "shopping festival" effect had limited impact, and the marginal effect of the real estate sprint weakened. Social financing growth was maintained due to corporate bond issuance, and the M2 growth rate declined slightly, with non - bank deposits and household deposits all decreasing year - on - year [1][8]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Credit: The household sector performed averagely, and the corporate sector was relatively better - **Household sector**: In November, household short - term loans decreased by 215.8 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 178.8 billion yuan, remaining significantly below the seasonal level. The "shopping festival" effect on household consumption was limited. Household medium - and long - term loans increased by 10 billion yuan, slightly recovering from the previous month but still 290 billion yuan less than the same period last year. The real estate sales sprint had limited results, and the second - hand housing market continued to decline [2][10]. - **Corporate sector**: In November, corporate medium - and long - term loans increased by 170 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 40 billion yuan. The pull of policy - based financial instruments was limited, and it was the economic "off - season" at the end of the year, so it was difficult for corporate medium - and long - term loans to have significant increments. Corporate short - term loans were close to the seasonal level, and on - balance - sheet bills slightly supplemented. Bill financing increased by 334.2 billion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 211.9 billion yuan. The demand for low - price "ticket grabbing" was limited [2][11][18]. 3.2 Social Financing: Government bonds had a high base at the end of the year, and corporate bonds increased - **Government bonds**: In November, the issuance scale of government bonds increased, with new government bonds reaching 1.2 trillion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 104.8 billion yuan. In December, affected by the base effect, the net financing of government bonds was expected to be 0.4 trillion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 0.8 trillion yuan, and the social financing growth rate might fall to around 8.2% by the end of the year [3][22]. - **Corporate bonds and entrusted loans**: After the policy - based financial instruments were fully disbursed, entrusted loans turned negative, with a decrease of 18.8 billion yuan in November. November was the "peak season" for corporate bond issuance, with new corporate bonds reaching 416.9 billion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 178.8 billion yuan. Some enterprises replaced loans with bonds after the bond yields dropped significantly in October [3][25][28]. 3.3 Deposits: M1 growth rate declined, and non - bank deposits weakened - **M1**: The new - caliber M1 increased less month - on - month compared with the same period last year, and the M2 - M1 gap widened slightly. In November, the new - caliber M1 increased by 893.7 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 1.3 trillion yuan, and the year - on - year growth rate dropped from 6.2% to 4.9% [4][27]. - **M2 components**: Non - bank deposits grew more slowly, and household deposits were slightly lower than the historical average. In November, non - bank deposits increased by 80 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 100 billion yuan; household deposits increased by 670 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 120 billion yuan. The process of household deposits moving to non - bank deposits slowed down during the volatile adjustment of the equity market since November [4][34].

11 月社融存量增速持平于 8.5% 11 月新增社融 2.49 万亿，同比多增 1597 亿；较过去五年同期均值 2.3 万亿相比，今年 11 月新增社融规模与历史均 值相差不算大，落在过去五年同期新增规模的上沿。社融存量增速本月短暂持稳于 10 月水平，依然为 8.5%。 表外融资是本月社融同比多增的主要贡献项之一，企业债券是本月社融多增的另一支撑项 11 月表外融资项中的信托贷款、未贴现银票均同比多增，对社融形成支撑。2020 年以来 11 月新增信托贷款规模均较 10 月回落，本月走势反季节性，或与近期落地的新型政策性金融工具支持项目有关。此外，11 月企业债券新增 1788 亿至 4169 亿，新增规模为 2020 年以来同期新高，是直接融资项目中唯一多增的一项，也对社融形成支撑。 社融总量和信贷结构走势分化 虽然 11 月社融总体表现不差，但 11 月信贷仍然偏弱。其中企业部门信贷同比多增 3600 亿至 6100 亿，主要发力项是 企业短贷和票融，企业中长贷同比少增；居民部门信贷更是历史上同期首次负增长。 新增企业中长贷为 2016 年以来同期新低。今年企业部门信贷同比多增的原因之一在于 202 ...