文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 文若愚（微信 LRsuperdope） 事项 2025 年 7 月，新增社融 1.16 万亿（前值 4.20 万亿）。社融存量同比增长 9.0% （前值 8.9% ）， M2 同比增长 8.8% （前值 8.3% ），新口径 M1 同比增长 5.6% （前值 4.6% ）。 核心观点 1 、企业贷款转负不影响我们"看股做债，股债反转"的判断。过去几年企业贷款增长主要靠制造业贷款推动，因此企业贷款的收缩或与当下控制违规项目、产业技 术标准不达标的制造业投资相关。这个视角下，企业贷款收缩或有利于 PPI 同比的抬升。 2 、企业整体的融资规模仍在增长。虽然贷款表现偏弱，但是权益融资，债券融资较去年同期均有改善。经济转型过程中，地产和地方融资平台更适配传统的间接 融资，而高科技创新型企业则与直接融资更为适配。 3 、贷款的高低不必然对应经济的好坏。我们跟踪的企业居民存款剪刀差仍在持续修复，这意味着经济的循环持续改善，我们仍未改变经济循环最差的时段正在过 去这一判断。 4 、对于权益资产而言，本轮中国资本市场的稳 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article presents five key judgments regarding the current economic situation in China, indicating that the worst period of economic circulation is likely over, and emphasizes a shift away from reliance on extraordinary policies and the loosest monetary policy phase [2][18]. Group 1: Economic Circulation - The worst period of economic circulation is likely passing, with a GDP growth rate of 5.3% in the first half of the year and leading indicators showing objective improvement [2][3]. - Key indicators of economic circulation include the difference in growth rates between corporate and household deposits, M1 growth, and various measures of household savings behavior, all of which have shown signs of recovery over the past 6-9 months [3][4]. Group 2: Policy Changes - The reliance on extraordinary policy measures is diminishing, with a focus on the effectiveness of existing policies rather than new ones, as evidenced by a 8.9% increase in fiscal spending in the first half of the year [7][8]. - The potential for new incremental policies in the second half of the year is significantly reduced, with a focus on monitoring the release of household deposits and leading indicators [7][8]. Group 3: Monetary Policy - The period of the most accommodative monetary policy is likely coming to an end, as indicated by the current state of household deposits and the relationship between deposit behavior and monetary policy [9][12]. - The total household deposits have reached 160 trillion, with a significant portion being precautionary savings, suggesting a shift in monetary policy dynamics [9][12]. Group 4: Investment Landscape - The relative attractiveness of bonds compared to stocks is changing, with a notable increase in the Sharpe ratio for stocks, indicating a potential shift in asset allocation from bonds to stocks [12][14]. - The capital market's stability and attractiveness are being reinforced by policy interventions, which have reduced volatility and downside risks in the stock market [12][14]. Group 5: Competition and Market Dynamics - The current phase of intense competition driven by unfair practices is likely coming to an end, with ongoing efforts to regulate and optimize market competition [14][16]. - The government is focusing on enhancing market order and addressing issues related to unfair competition, which may positively impact economic circulation and pricing [16][17].

Summary of Key Points from Conference Call Industry or Company Involved - The discussion primarily revolves around the macroeconomic environment in China, focusing on economic cycles, monetary policy, and supply-side reforms. Core Insights and Arguments 1. **Economic Cycle Recovery**: The disparity between corporate and household deposit growth is a leading indicator of economic cycles, which has shown signs of recovery over the past 6-9 months, indicating that the worst economic period may be behind [1][2][16]. 2. **Policy Direction**: The Politburo meeting emphasized the release of existing policy effects rather than introducing new stimulus measures, suggesting a shift away from extraordinary policy reliance [1][4]. 3. **Monetary Policy Shift**: The period of the most accommodative monetary policy is over, with a focus on structural functions rather than broad easing. The large scale of precautionary savings among residents poses challenges for the central bank [1][5][17]. 4. **Impact of Household Savings**: The shift of household deposits towards financial investments has improved market liquidity, but it also presents challenges for the central bank in balancing tightening and easing measures [1][6][7]. 5. **Stock vs. Bond Market Dynamics**: Policies have significantly impacted the stock market, enhancing its attractiveness compared to bonds. Despite economic indicators not showing significant recovery, the stock market has seen an increase in its floating ratio due to policy interventions [1][8][12]. 6. **Supply-Side Reforms**: Current supply-side reforms focus on improving energy efficiency in high-energy-consuming industries and enhancing market competition through legal and market-oriented measures [3][9][10]. 7. **Anti-Competition Policies**: The anti-involution policies are aimed at optimizing market competition and addressing issues like improper scale competition and local protectionism, with a focus on legal frameworks rather than administrative measures [11][22]. 8. **Future Economic Indicators**: The next few months are critical for observing leading economic indicators, which could trigger an earlier shift from bonds to stocks if they show sustained improvement [12][19]. 9. **Consumer Policy Outlook**: Consumer policies in the second half of the year are expected to remain stable, focusing on measures to stabilize retail sales, including subsidies and financial incentives [20][21]. Other Important but Potentially Overlooked Content 1. **Investment Trends**: A decline in manufacturing investment is anticipated, which historically has led to positive outcomes for PPI, suggesting that a reduction in investment could be beneficial for the economy in the long run [19]. 2. **Household and Corporate Deposit Dynamics**: The current state of household and corporate deposit growth is crucial for understanding future economic pressures and consumer behavior, with a noted historical low in the deposit gap [16]. 3. **Long-Term Economic Adjustments**: The adjustments in monetary policy and economic strategies are expected to lead to upward revisions in economic cycles and price assessments, which could negatively impact bonds while improving equity attractiveness [14][18].

文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 文若愚（微信 LRsuperdope） 事项 2025 年 4 月，新增社融 1.16 万亿（前值 5.89 万亿），新增人民币贷款 2800 亿（前值 36400 亿）。社 融存量同比增长 8.7% （前值 8.4% ）， M2 同比增长 8 % （前值 7% ），旧口径 M1 同比增长 -1% （前 值 -0.8% ）。新口径 M1 同比增长 1.5% （前值 1.6% ）。 核心观点 1 、从经济循环的视角来看， 4 月企业居民存款剪刀差仍在持续改善，经济的循环自 2024 年 9 月以来持 续修复。 2 、 2025 年开年前四个月，非银机构新增存款规模处于过去五年最高值，背后可能对应两个逻辑，一方面 是居民存款搬家逻辑，另一方面是稳定房市股市预期的背景下，央行加大投放稳定市场底部的逻辑。 3 、从贷款数据层面，当下贷款总量偏弱的背景下，结构上存在两个变化，对于居民而言，消费贷款趋势增 长，经营贷款趋势回落；对于企业而言，短期贷款趋势增长，中长期贷款趋势回落。 报告摘要 金融资产端的三个数据观察： ...

Group 1: Financial Asset Observations - In April 2025, new social financing amounted to 1.16 trillion RMB, a decrease from 5.89 trillion RMB in the previous period[1] - The total amount of new RMB loans was 280 billion RMB, down from 3.64 trillion RMB previously[1] - The year-on-year growth of social financing stock was 8.7%, compared to 8.4% in the previous period[1] Group 2: Loan Structure Changes - Since September 2024, there has been a continuous increase in consumer loans while operating loans have been declining[2] - For enterprises, short-term loans are increasing while medium to long-term loans are decreasing[2] - The proportion of medium to long-term loans in enterprise loans has decreased from approximately 76% in 2023 to about 62% in 2025[5] Group 3: Economic Cycle Indicators - The enterprise-resident deposit scissors difference improved from -14.7% in August 2024 to -8.4% currently, indicating a recovery in the economic cycle[6] - Non-bank institutions saw a strong increase in deposits, with a total of 2.2 trillion RMB added in the first four months of 2025, higher than previous years[6] Group 4: Government Leverage and Financing - In April, the net financing of government bonds was 972.9 billion RMB, an increase of 10.67 trillion RMB year-on-year[6] - The total social financing increment was 11.59 trillion RMB, with a year-on-year increase of 12.25 trillion RMB[6] - M2 growth was 8% year-on-year, up from 7% in the previous month[6]

文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 文若愚（微信 LRsuperdope） 事项 1 、看数据：结合我们团队持续跟踪的指标【企业居民存款剪刀差】来看，这一指标自 2024 年 9 月政策转 向以来持续修复，因此我们判断经济的循环在持续改善。从数据来看，【企业居民存款剪刀差】从 2024 年 8 月的 -14.7% 修复至当下的 -8.7% ，共抬升 6 个百分点，其中居民存款同比回落 0.6% ，非金融企业存款 同比抬升 5.4% 。 2025年3月，新增社融5.89万亿（前值2.24万亿），新增人民币贷款36400亿（前值10100亿）。社融存量同 比增长8.4%（前值8.2%），M2同比增长7 %（前值7%），旧口径M1同比增长-0.8%（前值-2.5%）。新口 径M1同比增长1.6%（前值0.1%）。 核心观点 1 、从基本面来看，我们持续跟踪的经济循环指标【企业居民存款剪刀差】自 2024 年 9 月以来持续修复， 特别是 2025 年一季度企业的融资数据表现偏强，因此，截至 2025 年一季度而言，我们维持经济预期最悲 观的时刻已 ...